Contribution to the Italian validation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI)

Journal title PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE
Author/s Lorenzo Avanzi, Cristian Balducci, Franco Fraccaroli
Publishing Year 2013 Issue 2013/2
Language Italian Pages 16 P. 120-135 File size 321 KB
DOI 10.3280/PDS2013-002008
DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation click here

Below, you can see the article first page

If you want to buy this article in PDF format, you can do it, following the instructions to buy download credits

Article preview

FrancoAngeli is member of Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA), a not-for-profit association which run the CrossRef service enabling links to and from online scholarly content.

The aim of this paper is to provide a first contribution to the Italian validation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI; Kristensen et al., 2005). According to the Authors of the CBI, there are several reasons to criticize the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Authors have proposed a new instrument to measure burnout which is based on two key issues: first burnout is defined solely in terms of fatigue and exhaustion, and second it is linked to specific life spheres. Three life spheres are proposed, each measured by a specific scale: personal burnout, work-related burnout, and client burnout. The results of a survey involving a group of teachers (N = 348) provided support for a good internal consistency of the three scales, which also showed the expected temporal stability at the six-month follow up. The factor structure of the CBI is sufficiently well described by the three factors postulated. The three scales showed the expected pattern of correlations with a number of variables that research has shown to be related to burnout, including symptoms of stress, neuroticism and job satisfaction. Overall, the results provide indications of validity and reliability of the Italian version of the CBI.

Keywords: Burnout, confirmatory factor analysis, teachers, Copenhagen Burnout Inventor.

  1. Alarcon G.M. (2011). A meta-analysis of burnout with job demands, resources, and attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79 (2): 549-562. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.00
  2. Alarcon G., Eschleman K.J. and Bowling N.A. (2009). Relationships between personality variables and burnout: A meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 23 (3): 244-263. DOI: 10.1080/0267837090328260
  3. Borgogni L. e Consiglio C. (2005). Job burnout: Evoluzione di un costrutto [Job burnout: Evolution of a construct]. Giornale Italiano di Psicologia, 1: 23-58.
  4. Byrne B.M. (1994). Burnout: Testing for the validity, replication, and invariance of causal structure across elementary, intermediate, and secondary teachers. American Educational Research Journal, 31 (3): 645-673. DOI: 10.2307/116323
  5. Byrne B.M. (1998). Structural equation modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  6. Brislin R.W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research, Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 1 (3): 185-216. DOI: 10.1177/13591045700010030
  7. Bryant F.B. and Satorra A. (2012). Principles and practice of scaled difference chisquare testing. Structural Equation Modeling, 19 (3), 372-398. DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2012.68767
  8. Dolbier C.L., Webster J.A., McCalister K.T., Mallon M.W. and Steinhardt M.A. (2005). Reliability and validity of a single-item measure of job satisfaction. American Journal of Health Promotion, 19 (3): 194-198. DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-19.3.19
  9. Faragher E.B., Cass M. and Cooper C.L. (2005). The relationship between job satisfaction and health: A meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62: 105-112. DOI: 10.1136/oem.2002.00673
  10. Flebus G.B. (2006). Versione Italiana dei Big Five Markers di Goldberg. Manoscritto non pubblicato. Università di Milano-Bicocca.
  11. Fraccaroli F. e Balducci C. (2011). Stress e rischi psicosociali nelle organizzazioni [Stress and psychosocial risks in the organizations]. Bologna: Il Mulino.
  12. Goldberg D.P. (1970). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. London: Oxford University Press.
  13. Goldberg L.R. (1999). The curious experiences survey, a revised version of the dissociative experiences scale: Factor structure, reliability, and relations to demographic and personality variables. Psychological Assessment, 11 (2): 134-145. DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.11.2.13
  14. Hakanen J.J., Bakker A.B. and Schaufeli W.B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43 (6): 495-513. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.00
  15. Hakanen J.J., Schaufeli W.B. and Ahola K. (2008). The job demands-resources model: A threeyear cross-lagged study of burnout, depression, commitment, and work engagement. Work and Stress, 22 (3): 224-241. DOI: 10.1080/0267837080237943
  16. Halbesleben J.R.B. and Demerouti E. (2005). The construct validity of an alternative measure of burnout: Investigating the english translation of the oldenburg burnout inventory. Work & Stress,19 (3): 208-220. DOI: 10.1080/0267837050034072
  17. Hu L.T. and Bentler P.M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6 (1): 1-55. DOI: 10.1080/1070551990954011
  18. Kristensen T.S., Borritz M., Villadsen E. and Christensen K.B. (2005). The Copenhagen burnout inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work & Stress, 19 (3): 192-207. DOI: 10.1080/0267837050029772
  19. Lee C. and Ashforth B.E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81 (2): 123-133. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.12
  20. Maslach C. and Jackson S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2 (2): 99-113. DOI: 10.1002/job.403002020
  21. Maslach C., Schaufeli W.B. and Leiter M.P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52: 397-422. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.39
  22. Milfont T.L., Denny S., Ameratunga S., Robinson E. and Merry S. (2008). Burnout and wellbeing: Testing the Copenhagen burnout inventory in New Zealand teachers. Social Indicators Research Journal, 89 (1): 169-177. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-007-9229-
  23. Montgomery C. and Rupp A.A. (2005). A meta-analysis for exploring the diverse causes and effects of stress in teachers. Canadian Journal of Education, 28 (3): 458-486. DOI: 10.2307/412647
  24. Nunually J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, 2nd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
  25. Piccinelli M., Risoffi G., Bon M.G., Cunico L. e Tansella M. (1993). Validity and test-retest reliability of the Italian version of the 12-item general health questionnaire in general practice: A comparison between three scoring methods. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 34: 198-205.
  26. Sarchielli G. e Fraccaroli F. (2010). Introduzione alla psicologia del lavoro [Introduction to work psychology]. Bologna: Il Mulino.
  27. Satorra A. (2000). Scaled and adjusted restricted tests in multi-sample analysis of moment structures. In: Heijmans R.D.H., Pollock D.S.G., Satorra A., editors, Innovations in Multivariate Statistical Analysis. A Festschrift for Heinz Neudecker. London: Kluwer Academic, pp. 233-247.
  28. Schaufeli W.B. and Bakker A.B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25 (3): 293-315. DOI: 10.1002/job.24
  29. Schaufeli W.B. and Enzmann D. (1998). The burnout companion to study and research: A critical analysis. London: Taylor & Francis.
  30. Schaufeli W.B., Leiter M.P. and Maslach C. (2009). Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Development International, 14 (3): 204-220. DOI: 10.1108/1362043091096640
  31. Schaufeli W.B., Maassen G.H., Bakker A.B. and Sixma H.J. (2011). Stability and change in burnout: A ten-year follow-up study among primary care physicians. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84: 248-267. DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.2010.02013.
  32. Schaufeli W.B., Taris T.W., and Van Rhenen W. (2008). Workaholism, burnout and engagement: Three of a kind or three different kinds of employee well-being. Applied Psychology: International Review, 57 (2): 173-203. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00285.
  33. Schumacker R.E. and Lomax R.G. (1998). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  34. Schwarzer R. and Hallum S. (2008). Perceived teacher self-efficacy as a predictor of job stress and burnout: Mediation analyses. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57: 152-171. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00359.
  35. Shirom A. and Melamed S. (2005). Does burnout affect physical health? A review of the evidence. In: Antoniou A.S.G. and Cooper C.L., editors, Research Companion to Organizational Health Psychology, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 599-622.
  36. Spector P.E., Zapf D., Chen P.Y. and Frese M. (2000). Why negative affectivity should not be controlled in job stress research: Don’t throw out the baby with the bath water. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21 (1): 79-95. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200002)21:
  37. Swider B.W. and Zimmerman R.D. (2010). Born to burnout: A meta-analytic path model of personality, job burnout, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76 (3): 487-506. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2010.01.00
  38. Thoresen C.J., Kaplan S.A., Barsky A.P. and Warren C.R. (2003). The affective underpinnings of job perceptions and attitudes: A meta-analytic review and integration. Psychological Bulletin, 129 (6): 914-945. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.91
  39. Watson D. and Pennebaker J.W. (1989). Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity. Psychological Review, 96 (2): 234-254. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.23

  • Ambivalent identification mediates the relationship between organizational justice and stress Valeria Ciampa, in Frontiers in Psychology 1260768/2023
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260768
  • School Burnout, Relational, and Organizational Factors Santa Parrello, Alice Ambrosetti, Ilaria Iorio, Luciana Castelli, in Frontiers in Psychology 1695/2019
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01695
  • Workplace Stress in Real Time Luca Menghini, Massimiliano Pastore, Cristian Balducci, in European Journal of Psychological Assessment /2023 pp.424
    DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000725
  • Burnout syndrome in university professors and academic staff members: psychometric properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory–Brazilian version Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi Rocha, Lilian Carla de Jesus, Maria Helena Palucci Marziale, Silvia Helena Henriques, João Marôco, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos, in Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica 11/2020
    DOI: 10.1186/s41155-020-00151-y
  • The Decent Work Questionnaire: Psychometric properties of the Italian version Tânia Ferraro, Nuno Rebelo dos Santos, Leonor Pais, Salvatore Zappalà, João Manuel Moreira, in International Journal of Selection and Assessment /2021 pp.293
    DOI: 10.1111/ijsa.12328
  • Structural validity and classification performance of the Italian Short Negative Acts Questionnaire: A Structural Equation Modeling approach for building ROC curves Enrico Perinelli, Cristian Balducci, Franco Fraccaroli, in Current Psychology /2023 pp.26300
    DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03741-4
  • Burnout among special education teachers: exploring the interplay between individual and contextual factors V. Benigno, F. Usai, E. Dalla Mutta, L. Ferlino, M. Passarelli, in European Journal of Special Needs Education /2024 pp.1
    DOI: 10.1080/08856257.2024.2351702
  • Mental Health Outcomes among Electricians and Plumbers in Ontario, Canada: Analysis of Burnout and Work-Related Factors Ali Bani-Fatemi, Marcos Sanches, Aaron S. Howe, Joyce Lo, Sharan Jaswal, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia, in Behavioral Sciences /2022 pp.505
    DOI: 10.3390/bs12120505
  • The impact of workaholism on day-level workload and emotional exhaustion, and on longer-term job performance Cristian Balducci, Guido Alessandri, Sara Zaniboni, Lorenzo Avanzi, Laura Borgogni, Franco Fraccaroli, in Work & Stress /2021 pp.6
    DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2020.1735569
  • Teachers’ Work Engagement, Burnout, and Interest toward ICT Training: School Level Differences Stefano Cacciamani, Donatella Cesareni, Caterina Fiorilli, Maria Beatrice Ligorio, in Education Sciences /2022 pp.493
    DOI: 10.3390/educsci12070493
  • Responding to the COVID‐19 public health emergency: The usefulness of an online brief psychological intervention with Italian university students Rita Cerutti, Valentina Spensieri, Simone Amendola, Giuseppe Stefano Biuso, Alessia Renzi, Renata Tambelli, in Psychology in the Schools /2023 pp.1499
    DOI: 10.1002/pits.22785
  • Professional Chronic Stress – Clinical, Physiological and Biological Evaluation in Journal of Medical Clinical Case Reports /2022
    DOI: 10.47485/2767-5416.1028
  • Can sleep quality and burnout affect the job performance of shift‐work nurses? A hospital cross‐sectional study Fabio Giorgi, Antonella Mattei, Ippolito Notarnicola, Cristina Petrucci, Loreto Lancia, in Journal of Advanced Nursing /2018 pp.698
    DOI: 10.1111/jan.13484
  • Unravelling Work Drive: A Comparison between Workaholism and Overcommitment Lorenzo Avanzi, Enrico Perinelli, Michela Vignoli, Nina M. Junker, Cristian Balducci, in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health /2020 pp.5755
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165755
  • Validation of a Short Scale in Italian to Measure Teacher Burnout Jenny Marcionetti, Luciana Castelli, Alberto Crescentini, Lorenzo Avanzi, Franco Fraccaroli, Cristian Balducci, in Swiss Journal of Psychology /2018 pp.49
    DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000208
  • Intelligenza emotiva di tratto e burnout professionale negli insegnanti di scuola primaria. Una revisione della letteratura Giacomo Mancini, Nicole Righi, Elena Trombini, Roberta Biolcati, in RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA 1/2022 pp.1
    DOI: 10.3280/rip2022oa13705
  • How to mobilize social support against workload and burnout: The role of organizational identification Lorenzo Avanzi, Franco Fraccaroli, Luciana Castelli, Jenny Marcionetti, Alberto Crescentini, Cristian Balducci, Rolf van Dick, in Teaching and Teacher Education /2018 pp.154
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2017.10.001
  • The Importance of Contextualized Psychosocial Risk Indicators in Workplace Stress Assessment: Evidence from the Healthcare Sector Luca Menghini, Cristian Balducci, in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health /2021 pp.3263
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063263
  • The relation between overcommitment and burnout: does it depend on employee job satisfaction? Lorenzo Avanzi, Sara Zaniboni, Cristian Balducci, Franco Fraccaroli, in Anxiety, Stress, & Coping /2014 pp.455
    DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2013.866230
  • Multiple mediation analysis for interval-valued data Antonio Calcagnì, Luigi Lombardi, Lorenzo Avanzi, Eduardo Pascali, in Statistical Papers /2020 pp.347
    DOI: 10.1007/s00362-017-0940-6
  • Too-much-of-a-good-thing? The curvilinear relation between identification, overcommitment, and employee well-being Lorenzo Avanzi, Lucia Savadori, Franco Fraccaroli, Valeria Ciampa, Rolf van Dick, in Current Psychology /2022 pp.1256
    DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00655-x
  • A daily diary investigation on the job-related affective experiences fueled by work addiction Cristian Balducci, Paola Spagnoli, Lorenzo Avanzi, Malissa Clark, in Journal of Behavioral Addictions /2021 pp.967
    DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00102
  • Prevalence and determinants of Italian physicians’ burnout in the “post-COVID-19” era Elena Fiabane, Simona Margheritti, Edoardo Nicolò Aiello, Stefano Magnone, Massimo Miglioretti, Paola Gabanelli, Ines Giorgi, in International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health /2023 pp.377
    DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01929-6

Lorenzo Avanzi, Cristian Balducci, Franco Fraccaroli, Contributo alla validazione italiana del Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in "PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE" 2/2013, pp 120-135, DOI: 10.3280/PDS2013-002008