BOOKS BY FABIO IRALDO

Il Life Cycle Management (LCM) è un modello di gestione applicabile non solo nei contesti industriali, che si basa sull’integrazione del concetto di ciclo di vita in tutti gli ambiti aziendali e nei processi decisionali. L’implementazione del LCM può richiedere cambiamenti organizzativi, l’acquisizione di nuove competenze e un ampio coinvolgimento del personale e di altri stakeholder. Questa guida si rivolge a manager, amministratori e operatori aziendali, per supportarli nell’integrazione completa della sostenibilità ambientale, offrendo indicazioni, suggerimenti e riflessioni per rendere quest’approccio efficace ed efficiente in diversi settori produttivi e filiere.

Questo volume, rivolto ad un target eterogeneo, si focalizza – offrendo una panoramica ricca e completa – tanto sull’assetto definitorio e sui principi e criteri che devono guidare la transizione verso la massimizzazione della circolarità, quanto sui drivers – esterni ed interni – che stimolano le imprese al cambiamento. Il testo approfondisce, inoltre, due aspetti fondamentali del management aziendale, ossia i nuovi modelli di business, innovativi e competitivi, e la misurazione dei livelli di circolarità di processi e prodotti.

Il volume illustra gli approcci e le strategie relative alla gestione del rischio da cambiamenti climatici da parte delle imprese da un punto di vista teorico, ma anche operativo. Un testo che si rivolge sia al mondo accademico, per favorire lo sviluppo di questo importante filone di ricerca, sia al mondo dei practitioners – manager e imprenditori, professionisti, amministratori locali – interessati a gestire il rischio da cambiamenti climatici per ridurre la loro vulnerabilità.

This paper presents a study on how the Product Environmental Footprint, a method launched by the European Commission to assess and communicate environmental impacts, can be used to foster and improve green marketing. Having carried out a PEF study on its products, Carlsberg Italia initiated an in-depth engagement with consumers, in order to understand their needs and expectations concerning the environmental information to be included in its advertising. This engagement revealed the positive attitude of consumers towards green claims. Indeed, the great majority of consumers that participated in the testing declared a strong interest in wanting to "know more" about the environmental impacts of the products they purchase. The use of an environmental label was considered positively by consumers, especially when the design was simple and clear and, therefore, effective in guiding purchasing choices.

I comportamenti di cittadinanza organizzativa (Organizational citizenship behaviors - OCBs), relativi al tema della salute e sicurezza sui luoghi di lavoro e dell’ambiente (health and safety and environment - HSE), rappresentano dei fattori essenziali per rendere efficienti i modelli organizzativi. Lo studio si focalizza sull’esperienza di Eni spa, multinazionale italiana operante principalmente nel settore petrolifero e del gas. Partendo da una matura esperienza in materia HSE, Eni ha condotto un’indagine su un ampio campione di dipendenti per comprendere il ruolo dell’OCB nell’ambito del proprio modello organizzativo. L’indagine porta diversi contributi alla letteratura teorica ed empirica su OCBs e gestione HSE. In primo luogo, propone una prospettiva integrativa che spiega le principali forze motrici dell’OCB e chiarisce la relazione tra fattori individuali e contestuali. In secondo luogo, l’indagine fornisce una chiara indicazione dell’importanza della prospettiva comportamentale nella comprensione dell’efficacia delle pratiche HSE.

Tourism is one of the most important economic sectors in the world and, due to its strong relationship with natural resources, it has attracted growing interest from the environmental scientific community concerning the evaluation, management and control of its environmental impacts. Recently, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been used to measure and assess the environmental impacts of tourism-related activities. The objective of this article is thus to perform a comparative analysis of two archetypal tourist accommodations with a different degree of implementation of environmental management practices by using the LCA meth-odology. This methodology allows to thoroughly assess the difference in the environmental performance of two hotels with different environmental management strategies and, particu-larly, how much this performance can be improved following some of the requirements and best practices for the environmental sustainability of a hotel, as described by the Ecolabel regulation criteria for tourist accommodations. The study does not refer to real tourist ac-commodations, however a realistic hotel "structure" has been modelled using data from the literature and from the available legislative documentation. The key-results of the study is that the adoption of environmental best practices undoubtedly leads to a reduced impact for tourist accommodations, especially when considering hotels with service structures as common parts (such as swimming pools). As a consequence, the recommendation emerges that public policies shall support the implementation of such practices.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the relevance of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) in public procurement in the European context after the publication of the Directive 2014/24/EU. After a description of the concept, the dimensions and main features of LCC, the contents of the Directive are briefly presented, focusing on the requirements related to life cycle costing. The main issues related to the assessment of LCC are then discussed, such as discounting and uncertainty of the data, but the paper mostly concentrates on a key-aspect of the methodology: the monetization of environmental externalities, since the Directive emphasizes that this aspect shall also be included in the LCC calculation. Moreover, in order to explore the relevance of LCC in public procurement, a survey to 119 public administrations of different countries has been carried out. The main findings of the survey, presented in our paper, show that the Life Cycle Costing approach is implemented by only a small part of public administrations, in spite of the fact that Green Public Procurement, normally considered as a driver for LCC, is very diffused among the same administrations

Purpose. This paper quantifies and compares the environmental impacts calculated with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for four different insulating boards made with natural or recovered fibers: recycled PET, recycled textile, hemp and sheep wool fibers. Methods. The environmental impacts of the different boards are compared using as functional unit 1 R of thermic resistance and the system boundaries are taken from cradle to grave. Moreover, the length of the use phase necessary to balance the CO2 emissions linked to the life cycle of each insulating board has been assessed. Results and discussion. The results of the comparative LCA and a contribution analysis are reported in order to highlight the main sources of environmental impact. The insulating boards made with sheep wool and recycled textile show the lowest environmental impact for almost all the impact categories considered in the analysis and require the shortest use time in order to balance the CO2 emissions of the life cycle (5 months). If the CO2 uptake from the atmosphere is included in the calculation, the insulating board made with hemp outperform the other boards in impact category "climate change" and in the "offsetting period" (less than 1 month). Conclusions. The paper concludes that the use of insulating boards, in particular made with recycled or natural materials, can represent an important step towards the increase of the sustainability of the building sector. In addition, LCA results should increasingly be included in rating systems and schemes in the building sector in order to effectively lead this sector toward sustainability.

In the last fifteen years, the organization and staging of large-scale events have been progressively included in the sustainability debate. As today, it is widely accepted that such events may have multiple impacts on - and leave an important legacy to - the host cities and regions, as there can be structural, economic, environmental, social, cultural and political impacts. Literature and empirical evidence on the multiple legacies of events have mainly focused on large-scale sport events so far. The debate on the role and contribution of Universal Expositions to long term urban and local development strategies is instead relatively young. This article seeks to contribute to the literature that assesses the impacts of large-scale "one-off" events, by taking the forthcoming Universal Exposition of Milan in 2015 as an example to further explore the conditions and requirements that may eventually bring true meaning to the term "sustainable event". The analysis is mainly based on the Expo Milan 2015 experience in sustainability reporting activities, whose goal is to measure, assess and communicate the social and environmental performance of the organising company, the impacts on the territory of the activities that are being carried out, and the level of engagement and dialogue with the stakeholders involved.

Il presente paper analizza il ruolo della mobilità geografica dei fattori produttivi (in particolare il lavoro) negli automatismi di aggiustamento di mercato in Italia rispetto agli altri paesi UE nel decennio a cavallo tra i due secoli. In particolare il contributo, attraverso l’Indice di Theil, si propone di esaminare e misurare il livello di efficacia delle politiche sul mercato del lavoro promosse in Italia, in termini di riduzione delle disparità regionali rispetto alla distribuzione della disoccupazione dell’intera Europa.