LIBRI DI LIA LOMBARDI

Il volume raccoglie le esperienze di ricercatori ed esperti che hanno partecipato al progetto europeo Interreg Italia-Slovenia “INTEGRA - Rete transfrontaliera per le donne migranti: integrazione sociale, salute sessuale e riproduttiva”. Il lavoro ha esplorato un tema poco osservato negli studi del fenomeno migratorio, la tutela della salute sessuale e riproduttiva delle donne che provengono da culture con una forte impronta patriarcale. L’intento è di offrire strumenti teorici e metodologici per l’analisi dei fenomeni migratori partendo dai bisogni di salute delle donne per svelare il mondo della complessità sociale.

This volume describes the ideational effort required to design and implement a training-course model for "Experts in proximity violence". The Pilot project design has envisaged a framework where the concepts referring to broad reflections on the topic have be related to the professional skills to be trained. Proximity violence concerns multiple forms of gender-based violence which conceal, in turn, more subtle, intimate and viscous forms of dependence. The course was based on modules and availed itself of a "mixed" methodology, where theoretical lectures were interwoven with experiential workshops.

This volume principal investigator of the PROVIDE - Proximity on Violence: Defence and Equity project (Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme - 2014-2020) funded by the EU, shifted the interpretative focus of its research from gender-based to proximity violence. This theoretical intuition-assertion is informed by a wide-scale reconstruction of the phenomenon of migratory violence and corroborated by the results of the action research carried out by six international teams ˗ Ismu, Oxfam, Telefono Donna, Badia Grande, Aseis Lagarto, SamuSocial International, the University of Jaén and the University of Palermo.

Starting from the assumption that the discourses and practices related to infertility are part of the gender structure inherent in the social construction of health, this paper focuses on assisted reproductive technology (ART), and analyses, on the one hand, expert discourse and medical practices, and, on the other, patients’ experience, thus portraying infertility as a socially and culturally constructed experience. As a consequence, gender becomes a determining factor in the construction of reproductive and sexual pathology: while the male gender is mainly associated with sexuality, the female gender continues to be associated with reproduction. The emphasis on the medical and technological treatment of women’s bodies reinforces and reproduces this stereotype, as shown in patients’ narratives and in institutional discourse. The article draws on existing national and international literature and on secondary data from the Italian Assisted Reproductive Technology Register (IARTR), the National Statistics Institute and EUROSTAT. Men’s narratives come from different qualitative studies carried out with patients in two Italian infertility clinics and gathered on the websites of patients' associations.

I risultati di una ricerca sulla nascita della riflessione sociologica sulla salute in Italia. L’indagine si concentra sul periodo che va dall’inizio degli anni ’70 ai primi anni ’90, anni in cui prende corpo l’obiettivo della Salute per tutti entro l’anno 2000 (WHO, 1977) e, successivamente, quello di coinvolgere ciascuno nella Promozione del benessere personale e collettivo (WHO, 1986). Obiettivi che, tuttavia, cominciano progressivamente a essere messi in discussione dall’avvento delle politiche neoliberiste nei paesi occidentali.

Una riflessione corale sulla salute con una prospettiva gender-sensitive. Le peculiarità femminili e maschili rappresentano un elemento fondante nel definire la salute e il benessere individuale: i processi di costruzione culturale che accompagnano la formazione delle identità di genere condizionano grandemente progressione e decorso delle patologie, oltre a influenzare in modo sensibile l’accesso, la qualità e l’aderenza alle cure stesse.

The Medicalization of Human Reproduction: Body and Gender - This article is focussed on the medicalization of human reproduction and its effects on the body and on the gender. Particularly, the analysis is carried under two perspectives. The first one is the social construction and the social control on the body in Western society. Specifically, the question is how medicine surveilles bodies and behaviors of women and men. Moreover, the first part of this article analyses sexualities, reproduction/procreation and gender relationships. The second subject regards how stereotypes on gender and parenthood are connected to the social construction of infertility and of articial reproduction. All the topics are analysed through the lences of the sociology of health and of the body, in connection with the most recent advances in biomedical technologies. The gender perspective and a critical approach are the theoretical mainframes which have driven this research.

Keywords: body, Gender, medicalization, human reproduction; reproductive technology, sociology of health.

Parole chiave: genere, medicalizzazione, riproduzione umana, tecnologie riproduttive, sociologia della salute.

La medicalizzazione della riproduzione umana: il corpo e il genere - This article is focussed on the medicalization of human reproduction and its effects on the body and on the gender. Particularly, the analysis is carried under two perspectives. The first one is the social construction and the social control on the body in Western society. Specifically, the question is how medicine surveilles bodies and behaviors of women and men. Moreover, the first part of this article analyses sexualities, reproduction/procreation and gender relationships. The second subject regards how stereotypes on gender and parenthood are connected to the social construction of infertility and of articial reproduction. All the topics are analysed through the lences of the sociology of health and of the body, in connection with the most recent advances in biomedical technologies. The gender perspective and a critical approach are the theoretical mainframes which have driven this research.

Keywords: body, Gender, medicalization, human reproduction; reproductive technology, sociology of health.

Parole chiave: genere, medicalizzazione, riproduzione umana, tecnologie riproduttive, sociologia della salute.

Attraverso un’indagine realizzata in alcune città italiane, il volume posiziona le escissioni in un quadro più vasto che raccoglie le pratiche di cura e di modificazione del corpo, la sessualità, le dinamiche di coppia, i riti matrimoniali, la costruzione del genere, i rapporti inter e intra-generi e tra generazioni diverse. Le mutilazioni genitali femminili sono il filo conduttore di una narrazione che descrive contesti di origine e di destinazione, e percorsi di ri-significazione di pratiche e traiettorie di vita.