Click here to download

An evaluation of the Job Demands-Resources model on a sample of health care workers
Journal Title: PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE 
Author/s:  Alessandro Lo Presti 
Year:  2013 Issue: 3 Language: Italian 
Pages:  24 Pg. 51-74 FullText PDF:  586 KB
DOI:  10.3280/PDS2013-003003
(DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation:  clicca qui   and here 


Occupational well-being of health care workers is an extremely important issue to public opinion, policy makers, hospital managements and social scientists. The Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) has been successfully applied to many occupational groups for evaluating their quality of working life, and only recently, on groups of health care workers. This paper aims to explore its validity on a sample of 210 Italian health care workers. The analyses, carried out through hierarchical regressions, have revealed several significant associations, many of which conform to the evidences already available in the literature about such theoretical model. Work autonomy and occupational self-efficacy predict work engagement as well as strain (together with workload and coworkers social support). Moreover, selfefficacy and supervisory social support act as buffer with regard to the negative effects of job demands on strain and engagement. Such results have been commented on the basis of the literature and in order to stress their practical implications.
Keywords: Work engagement, strain, Job Demands-Resources model, occupational well-being, health care workers.

  1. Bakker A.B. (2009). Building engagement in the workplace. In: Cooper C.L. and Burke R.J., editors, The peak performing organization. London: Routledge, pp. 50-72.
  2. Bakker A.B. (2011). An evidence-based model of work engagement. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 4: 265-269., DOI: 10.1177/096372141141453
  3. Bakker A.B. and Demerouti E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: state of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 3: 309-328., DOI: 10.1108/0268394071073311
  4. Bakker A.B. and Demerouti E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13: 209-223., DOI: 10.1108/1362043081087047
  5. Bakker A.B., Demerouti E. and Schaufeli W.B. (2003). Dual processes at work in a call centre: an application of the job demands-resources model. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12: 393-417., DOI: 10.1080/1359432034400016
  6. Bakker A.B., Demerouti E. and Verbeke W. (2004). Using the job demands-resources model to predict burnout and performance. Human Resource Management, 43: 83-104., DOI: 10.1002/hrm.2000
  7. Bakker A.B., Gierveld J.H. and Van Rijswijk K. (2006). Succesfactoren nij vrouwelijke schoolleiders in het primair onderwijs: een onderzoek naar burnout, bevlogenheid en prestaties [Success factors among female school principals in primary teaching: a study on burnout, work engagement, and performance]. Diemen, The Netherlands: Right Management Consultants.
  8. Hochschild A.R. (1983). The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  9. Balducci C., Schaufeli W.B. and Fraccaroli F. (2011). The job demands-resources model and counterproductive work behavior: the role of job-related affect. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20, 4: 467-496., DOI: 10.1080/1359432100366906
  10. Baron R.M. and Kenny D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 6: 1173-1182., DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.117
  11. Carlson D.S., Kacmar K.M., Holliday Wayne J. and Grzywacz J.G. (2006). Measuring the positive side of the work-family interface: development and validation of a work-family enrichment scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68: 131-164., DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2005.02.00
  12. Chaplin W.F. (1991). The next generation of moderator research in personality psychology. Journal of Personality, 59: 143-178., DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00772.
  13. Cohen J., Cohen P., West S.G. and Aiken L.S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Third edition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  14. Commissione Europea (2004). Work and health in the EU. A statistical portrait. Data 1994-2002. Eurostat. Theme 3. Population and social conditions. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities Health.
  15. Cortese C.G., Ricotta S.G., Gerbaudo L. e Violante B. (2009). L’intenzione di lasciare un’azienda ospedaliera: predittori a confronto [Intention to leave an health care organization: a predictors comparison]. Risorsa Uomo, XV, 2: 135-150., DOI: 10.3280/RU2009-00200
  16. Demerouti E., Bakker A.B., Nachreiner F. and Schaufeli W.B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 499-512., DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.49
  17. Di Fabio A. e Taralla B. (2006). L’autoefficacia in ambito organizzativo: Proprietà psicometriche della “Occupational Self-Efficacy scale” (short form) in un campione di insegnanti di scuole superiori [Organizational self-efficacy: psychometric properties of the Occupational Self-efficacy Scale (short form) in a high school teacher sample]. Risorsa Uomo, XII, 1: 51-66.
  18. Evans M.G. (1985). A Monte Carlo study of the effects of correlated method variance in moderated multiple regression analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 36: 305-323., DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(85)90002-
  19. Garrosa E., Moreno-Jiménez B., Rodriguez-Munoz A. and Rodriguez-Carvajal R. (2011). Role stress and personal resources in nursing: a cross-sectional study of burnout and engagement. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48: 479-489., DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.08.00
  20. Goldberg D. (1979). Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. London, UK: NFER Nelson.
  21. Gunnarsdottir S. and Rafferty A.M. (2006). Enhancing working conditions. In: Dubois C., McKee M. and Nolte E., editors, Human resources for health in Europe. Maidenhead: Open University Press, pp.155-172.
  22. Hakanen J., Bakker A.B. and Demerouti E. (2005). How dentists cope with their job demands and stay engaged: the moderating role of job resources. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 113: 479-487., DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2005.00250.xHakanenJ.,BakkerA.B.andSchaufeliW.B.(2006).Burnoutandworkengagementamongteachers.JournalofSchoolPsychology,43:495-513.DOI:10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.00
  23. Hobfoll S.E., Johnson R.J., Ennis N. and Jackson A.P. (2003). Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84: 632-643., DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.63
  24. Jose P.E. (2002). ModGraph. A computer program to graphically display moderation (computer software).
  25. Lee R.T. and Ashforth B.E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81: 123-133., DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.12
  26. Lo Presti A., Galullo F. e Sprini G. (2008). Effetti interattivi tra percezione di supporto organizzativo e insicurezza lavorativa: il caso di un’azienda sanitaria [Interactive effects between perceived organizational support and job insecurity: case analysis of a health business]. Risorsa Uomo, XIV, 4: 425-439.
  27. Lo Presti A., Nonnis M. and Federico M. (2011). Un’applicazione del modello Job-Demands Resources su un campione di lavoratori italiani [An application of the Job Demands-Resources model on a sample of Italian employees]. Paper presented at the Giornate di Psicologia Positiva (V edizione), Milano (Italy), 11-12 November.
  28. Lorente L., Salanova M., Martinez I. and Schaufeli W.B. (2008). Extension of the Job Demands-Resources model in the prediction of burnout and engagement among teachers over time. Psicothema, 20: 254-360.
  29. Luthans F. (2002). Positive organizational behavior: developing and managing psychological strengths. Academy of Management Executive, 16: 57-72.
  30. Luthans F., Avey J.B., Avolio B.J., Norman S.M. and Combs G.M. (2006). Psychological capital development: toward a micro-intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27: 387-393., DOI: 10.1002/job.37
  31. Mauno S., Kinnunen U. and Ruokolainen M. (2007). Job demands and resources as antecedents of work engagement: a longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 70: 149-171., DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2006.09.00
  32. Meijman T.F. and Mulder G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload. In: Drenth P.J.D., Thierry H. and de Wolff C.J., editors, Handbook of work and organizational psychology (pp.5-33), Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
  33. Piccinelli M., Bisoffi G., Bon M.G., Cunico L. and Tansella M. (1993). Validity and test-retest reliability of the Italian version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire in general practice: a comparison between three scoring methods. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 34: 198-205.
  34. Pisanti R., van der Doef M., Maes S., Lazzari D. and Bertini M. (2011). Job characteristics, organizational conditions, and distress/well-being among Italian and Dutch nurses: a cross-national comparison. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48: 829-837., DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.12.00
  35. Pierce J.L. and Gardner D.G. (2004). Self-esteem within the work and organizational context: a review of the organizational based self-esteem literature. Journal of Management, 30: 591-622., DOI: 10.1016/j.jm.2003.10.00
  36. Rafferty A.E. and Griffin M.A. (2006). Perceptions of organizational change: a stress and coping perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 5: 1154-1162., DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.115
  37. Salanova M., Agut S. and Peirò J.M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the mediation of service climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90: 1217-1227., DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.121
  38. Schaufeli W.B. and Bakker A.B. (2004). Job demands, job resources and their relationship with burnout and engagement. A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25: 293-315., DOI: 10.1002/job.24
  39. Schaufeli W.B., Bakker A.B. and Salanova M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66: 701-716., DOI: 10.1177/001316440528247
  40. Schyns B. and von Collani G. (2002). A new occupational self-efficacy scale and its relation to personality constructs and organizational variables. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11: 219-241., DOI: 10.1080/1359432024400014
  41. Simbula S., Guglielmi D. and Schaufeli W.B. (2010). A three- wave study of job resources, selfefficacy, and work engagement among Italian schoolteachers. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20, 3: 285-304., DOI: 10.1080/13594320903513916
  42. Simpson M.R. (2009). Engagement at work: a review of the literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46: 1012-1024., DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.05.00
  43. Taddei S., Vieri Cenerini M. e Vanni D. (2010). Domande, risorse e burnout in emergenza: un’indagine sugli operatori del 118 [Job demand, job resources and burnout in health emergency: an inquiry on Health Emergency Service workers]. Psicologia della Salute, 2: 43-58., DOI: 10.3280/PDS2010-00200
  44. Taylor S. (1983). Adjustment to threatening events: a theory of cognitive adaptation. American Psychologist, 38: 1161-1173.
  45. van den Heuvel M., Demerouti E., Schaufeli W.B. and Bakker, A.B. (2010). Personal resources and work engagement in the face of change. In: Houdmont J. and Leka S., editors, Contemporary occupational health psychology. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 124-150.
  46. Xanthopoulou D., Bakker A.D., Demerouti E. and Schaufeli W.B. (2007). The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14, 2: 121-141., DOI: 10.1037/1072-5245.14.2.12
  47. Xanthopoulou D., Bakker A.D., Demerouti E. and Schaufeli W.B. (2009). Work engagement and financial returns: a diary study on the role of job and personal resources. Journal of Occupational e Organizational Psychology, 82: 183-200., DOI: 10.1348/096317908X28563

Alessandro Lo Presti, An evaluation of the Job Demands-Resources model on a sample of health care workers in "PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE" 3/2013, pp. 51-74, DOI:10.3280/PDS2013-003003

   

FrancoAngeli is a member of Publishers International Linking Association a not for profit orgasnization wich runs the CrossRef service, enabing links to and from online scholarly content