Engaging patients in health management: towards a preliminary theoretical conceptualization

Titolo Rivista: PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE
Autori/Curatori: Serena Barello, Guendalina Graffigna, Mariarosaria Savarese
Anno di pubblicazione: 2014 Fascicolo: 3 Lingua: Italiano
Numero pagine: 23 P. 11-33 Dimensione file: 166 KB
DOI: 10.3280/PDS2014-003002
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FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

Coinvolgere i pazienti nel processo di cura ("patient engagement") è oggi considerato un elemento imprescindibile per lo sviluppo e la realizzazione di sistemi sanitari sostenibili e all’avanguardia dal momento che si dimostra essere una strategia fondamentale nel raggiungimento di outcomes clinici positivi e per la riduzione della spesa sanitaria. Tuttavia, nonostante il crescente dibattito relativo a questo tema, il concetto di "patient engagement" risulta ad oggi teoricamente ed empiricamente poco formalizzato, spesso usato come sinonimo di altri concetti come "patient participation" o "patient involvement". Al fine di contribuire ad una fondazione teorica del concetto di "patient engagement", il presente studio si pone un duplice obiettivo: 1. descrivere i trend attuali relativi alla letteratura scientifica peer reviewed sul tema del "patient engagement" in termini temporali, prospettive disciplinari coinvolte e termini utilizzati per descrivere l’individuo coinvolto nel processo di cura; <br/> 2. individuare, comparare e sintetizzare le principali definizioni di engagement che stanno orientando il dibattito in quest’area, evidenziando eventuali carenze teoriche e suggerendo potenziali linee di sviluppo per la ricerca in quest’ambito. È stata condotta una revisione sistematica della letteratura dal 2002 al 2013 su tre database(PubMed/Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid PsycInfo; SCOPUS), utilizzando la seguente stringadi ricerca: "patient engagement" OR "consumer engagement" OR "client engagement" OR "citizen engagemen". Sono state condotte analisi bibliometriche sull’intero corpus di dati e analisi qualitative del contenuto su uno specifico sub campione di contributi che riportavano una specifica definizione di engagement. Su 1296 paper identificati in una prima fase di ricerca, solo 753 sono risultati pertinenti in quanto specificatamente focalizzati sul tema del "patient engagement". Di questi, solo 16 contributi presentavano una definizione esplicita di engagement qualificato come un concetto autonomo. Tuttavia, le definizioni attualmente presenti in letteratura si mostrano frammentarie e fortemente radicate nella prospettiva disciplinare degli autori proponenti. Inoltre, anche all’interno dei contributi che presentano una definizione esplicita di engagement, il framework teorico alla base risulta spesso parziale, meramente tassonomico, non contemplando la natura dinamica di tale fenomeno. Sulla base di questi risultati, il presente studio suggerisce di considerare il "patient engagement" come un concetto in evoluzione che necessita di una fondazione "ecologica" radicata nella prospettiva esperienziale dei pazienti e finalizzata a fornire insights sulle leve individuali, relazionali e organizzative alla base di questo processo.

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Serena Barello, Guendalina Graffigna, Mariarosaria Savarese, Engaging patients in health management: towards a preliminary theoretical conceptualization in "PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE" 3/2014, pp 11-33, DOI: 10.3280/PDS2014-003002