Clicca qui per scaricare

Condividi
La concentrazione spaziale del crowdsourcing in Europa. Effetto paese o effetto città?
Titolo Rivista: SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE 
Autori/Curatori: Alberto Gherardini, Marco Betti 
Anno di pubblicazione:  2015 Fascicolo: 107  Lingua: Italiano 
Numero pagine:  15 P. 106-120 Dimensione file:  134 KB
DOI:  10.3280/SUR2015-107008
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più:  clicca qui   qui 


L’articolo analizza la concentrazione spaziale delle piattaforme di crowdsourcing in 11 paesi europei mostrando l’inappropriatezza degli approcci della teoria sulla varietà dei capitalismi e del concetto di sistema nazionale dell’innovazione. Il fenomeno è più correttamente interpretabile utilizzando come unità di analisi la dimensione urbana. Le piattaforme si addensano maggiormente in città metropolitane, ricche di capitale umano qualificato e caratterizzate da un clima di fiducia negli altri.


Keywords: Clusters, crowdsourcing, varietà dei capitalismi, sistemi nazionali dell’innovazione, studi urbani, micro-finanza

  1. Arora A., Gambardella A. (2005). From underdogs to tigers: the rise and growth of the software industry in Brazil,China, India, Ireland, and Israel. NY: Oxford University Press.
  2. Barr A., Tessler S., Hanna N. (2003). National software industry development: consideration for government planners. The Electronic Journal of Information systems in developing countries, 10: 11-17.
  3. Beaverstock J.V., Smith R.G., Taylor P.J. (1999). A roster of world cities. Cities, 6: 445-458., DOI: 10.1016/S0264-2751(99)00042-
  4. Beaverstock J.V., Smith R.G., Taylor P.J. (2000). World-City Network: A New Metageography?. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1: 123-134., DOI: 10.1111/0004-5608.0018
  5. Brunori L. (2005). La rivoluzione del microcredito: dai paesi poveri ai paesi economicamente sviluppati. Autonomie Locali e Servizi Sociali, 3: 429-440., DOI: 10.1447/2144
  6. Burroni L., Trigilia C. (a cura di). (2011). Le città dell’innovazione in Italia. Bologna: il Mulino. Caplin A., Leahy J. (1998). Miracle on sixth avenue: information externalities and search. Economic Journal, 108: 60-74., DOI: 10.1111/1468-0297.0027
  7. Castells M. (1996). The rise of the network society. The information age: economy, society, and culture. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  8. Chesbrough H., VanHaverbeke W., West J. (a cura di). (2006). Open innovation. Researching a new paradigm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  9. Di Maggio P.J., Powell W. (1983). The iron cage revisited institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48: 147-60., DOI: 10.1016/S0742-3322(00
  10. Dijkstra L., Poelman H. (2012). Cities in Europe. The new OECD-EC definition. Regional Focus. A series of short papers on regional research and indicators produced by the Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy, 1.
  11. Feldman M.P., Florida R. (1994). The geographic sources of Innovation: technological infrastructure and product innovation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2: 210-229., DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1994.tb01735.
  12. Fleming L., Waguespack M. (2007). Brokerage, Boundary Spanning, and Leadership. Open Innovation Communities. Organization Science, 2: 165-180., DOI: 10.1287/orsc.1060.024
  13. Florida R. (2003). L’ascesa della nuova classe creative. Stile di vita, valori e professioni. Milano: Mondadori.
  14. Glaeser E.L. (2005). Review of Richard Florida’s The rise of the creative class. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 35: 593–96., DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2005.01.00
  15. Glaeser E.L., Kallal H.D., Scheinkman J.A., Shleifer A. (1992). Growth in Cities. The Journal of Political Economy, 6: 1126-1152.
  16. Glaeser E.L., Resseger M.G. (2009). The Complementarity between Cities and Skills. NBER Working Paper, N. 15103.
  17. Green R. (2000). “Irish Ict cluster, presentato in occasione del Cluster Focus Group Workshop, Ocse”, Utrecht, 8-9 maggio (paper).
  18. Hall P.A., Soskice D. (2001). Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  19. Hancké B., Rhodes M., Thatcher M. (2007). Beyond Varieties of Capitalism. Conflict, Contradictions, and Complementarities in the European Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  20. Himanen P. (2001). The Hacker Ethic: And the Spirit of the Information Age. NY: Random House Publishing Group.
  21. von Hippel E. (2005). Democratizing innovation. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press.
  22. Howe J. (2006). The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired, 6.
  23. Hwang V.W., Horowitt G. (2012). The Rainforest. The secret to building the next Silicon Valley. Los Alros Hills (CA): Regenwald.
  24. Jérôme V., Suire R. (2007). Informational Cascades versus Network Externalities in Locational Choice: Evidence of ‘ICT Clusters’ Formation and Stability. Regional Studies, 2: 173-184., DOI: 10.1080/0034340060110842
  25. Koski H., Rouvinen P., Yla¨-Anttila P. (2002). The great central banana and the small Nordic potato. ICT clusters in Europe. Information Economics and Policy, 14: 145–165.
  26. , DOI: 10.1016/S0167-6245(01)00064-6LesterR.K.,PioreM.J.(2004).Innovation.Themissingdimension.Cambridge(MA):HarvardUniversityPress
  27. Lucas R.E. (1988). On the mechanism of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics. 22: 3–42., DOI: 10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-
  28. Lundvall B.Å. (a cura di). (1992). National innovation systems: towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London: Pinter.
  29. Malerba F. (2002). Sectoral systems of innovation and production. Research Policy, 31: 247-264., DOI: 10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00139-
  30. Marjanovic S., Fry C., Chataway J. (2012), Crowsourcing based business models: in search of evidence for innovation 2.0. Science and Public Policy, 39: 318-332., DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scs00
  31. Martin R., Sunley P. (1998). Slow convergence? The new endogenous growth theory and regional development. Economic Geography, 74: 201–27., DOI: 10.1111/j.1944-8287.1998.tb00113.
  32. Morduch J. (1999). The microfinance promise. Journal of Economic Literature, 37: 1569-1614., DOI: 10.1257/jel.37.4.156
  33. Nelson R.R. (a cura di). (1993). National innovation systems. A comparative analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
  34. Osterloh M., Rota S. (2007). Open Source Software Development. Just Another Case of Collective Invention?. Research Policy, 2: 157-171., DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2006.10.00
  35. Quah D. (2000). Internet cluster emergence. European Economic Review, 44: 1032-1044., DOI: 10.1016/S0014-2921(99)00055-
  36. Ramella F. (2013). Sociologia dell’innovazione economica. Bologna: il Mulino.
  37. Sands A. (2005). The irish software industry. In Arora A., Gambardella A. (a cura di). From underdogs to tigers: the rise and growth of the software industry in Brazil, China, India, Ireland, and Israel. NY: Oxford University Press.
  38. Sassen S. (1997). Le città nell’economia globale. Bologna: il Mulino.
  39. Schenk E., Guittard C. (2011). Towards a characterization of crowdsourcing practices. Journal of Innovation Economics, 7: 93-107., DOI: 10.3917/jie.007.009
  40. Scott A.J. (2008). Social Economy of the Metropolis: Cognitive-Cultural Capitalism and the Global Resurgence of Cities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  41. Scott A.J. (2006). Creative Cities: Conceptual Issues and Policy Questions. Journal of Urban Affairs, 1: 1-17., DOI: 10.1111/j.0735-2166.2006.00256.
  42. Senor D., Singer S. (2009). Start-up nation: the story of Israel’s economic miracle. New York: Twelve.
  43. Storper M., Scott A.J. (2009). Rethinking Human Capital, Creativity and Urban Growth. Journal of Economic Geography, 2: 147-167., DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbn05
  44. Powell W.W., Koput K.W., Bowie J.I., Smith-Doerr L. (2002). The Spatial Clustering of Science and Capital: Accounting for Biotech Firm-Venture Capital Relationships. Regional Studies, 3: 291-305., DOI: 10.1080/0034340022012208

Alberto Gherardini, Marco Betti, in "SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE" 107/2015, pp. 106-120, DOI:10.3280/SUR2015-107008

   

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association associazione indipendente e no profit per facilitare l'accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche