Attitudes toward refugees in the Italian context

Titolo Rivista PSICOLOGIA DI COMUNITA’
Autori/Curatori Stefano Tartaglia, Chiara Rollero, Elisa Bergagna
Anno di pubblicazione 2020 Fascicolo 2020/1 Lingua Inglese
Numero pagine 13 P. 80-92 Dimensione file 645 KB
DOI 10.3280/PSC2020-001006
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

Considering the concern over the rising xenophobia, it is particularly relevant investigating attitudes toward refugees in the Italian population. Within literature, a considerable amount of research is related to prejudice toward different immigrant groups, but few studies have inves-tigated the predictors of opposition to hospitality of refugees. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of different variables in predicting the opposition to give hospitality to ref-ugees. The variables investigated were socio-demographic characteristics, political orientation, religiosity, Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), and TV consumption. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire on a sample of 366 Italian adults (Female 55.9%; mean age 39.86, SD=17.09). To test the influence of different variables, we performed a hierarchical regression analysis. We found several significant influences. Results showed that individual factors played an important role in predicting the opposition to hospitality of refugees, but also environmental factors such as mass media influenced the attitude toward this specific social group. Implications in terms of intervention are discussed.

Alla luce di una allarmante diffusione di sentimenti xenofobi tra cittadini italiani, risulta di primaria importanza studiare gli atteggiamenti della popolazione italiana nei confronti dei rifu-giati. Esistono in letteratura tanti studi sul pregiudizio nei confronti degli immigrati ma pochi hanno indagato l’ostilità verso i rifugiati. L’obiettivo di questo studio è comparare gli effetti di differenti variabili nel predire atteggiamenti di opposizione all’ospitalità dei rifugiati. Le varia-bili prese in esame sono: caratteristiche sociodemografiche, orientamento politico, religiosità, autoritarismo di destra (RWA) e visione di canali televisivi. I dati sono stati raccolti tramite questionario somministrato a un campione di 366 adulti di nazionalità italiana (55.9% femmi-ne; età media 39.86, SD=17.09). Per la verifica delle ipotesi è stata utilizzata una regressione gerarchica. I risultati hanno mostrato sia l’influenza dei fattori individuali che il ruolo dei mass media. Nello specifico aumentano l’opposizione all’ospitalità l’età, l’orientamento politico di destra, l’aggressività autoritaria, la visione dei canali Mediaset mentre, solamente per le donne, la religiosità ha un effetto negativo. Le implicazioni in termini di intervento sono discusse.

Keywords:Rifugiati, atteggiamenti, religiosità, autoritarismo di destra, orientamento politi-co, TV.

  1. Adorno, T.W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. & Sanford, N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York: Harper.
  2. Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. Manitoba, Canada: University Press.
  3. Asbrock, F., Christ, O., Duckitt, J. & Sibley, C.G. (2012). Differential effects of intergroup contact for authoritarians and social dominators: a dual process model perspective. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(4), 477-490. DOI: 10.1177/014616721142974
  4. Batson, C.D., Schoenrade, P. & Ventis, W.L. (1993). Religion and the individual: A social-psychological perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  5. Bryant, J. & Zillman, D. (2002). Media effects: Advances in theory and research. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  6. Castles, S., De Haas, H. & Miller, M.J. (2014). The age of migration. International population movements in the modern world. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  7. Crawford, J.T., Brandt, M.J., Inbar, Y. & Mallinas, S.R. (2016). Right-wing authoritarianism predicts prejudice equally toward “gay men and lesbians” and “homosexuals”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111, e31-e45.
  8. Demos & Pi e Osservatorio di Pavia per Fondazione Unipolis (2010). La sicurezza in Italia. Significati, immagine e realtà. Terza indagine sulla rappresentazione sociale e mediatica della sicurezza con un confronto su scala europea. -- Retrieved from:www.demos.it
  9. Dixon, T.L. (2008). Network news and racial beliefs: Exploring the connection between national television news exposure and stereotypical perceptions of African Americans. Journal of Communication, 58, 321-337.
  10. Dixon, T., Hawkins, S., Heijbroek, L., Juan-Torres, M. & Demoures, F. (2018). Attitudes towards National Identity, Immigration and Refugees in Italy. More in Common, 1-131. -- --Tratto da https://www.moreincommon.com/media/3hnhssh5/italy-en-final_digital_2b.pdf
  11. Duckitt, J. & Fisher, K. (2003). The impact of social threat on worldview and ideological attitudes. Political Psychology, 24(1), 199-222. DOI: 10.1111/0162-895X.0032
  12. Duckitt, J. & Sibley, C.G. (2009). A dual-process motivational model of ideology, politics, and prejudice. Psychological Inquiry, 20, 98-109. DOI: 10.1080/1047840090302854
  13. Dovidio, J.F., Kawakami, K. &Gaertner, S.L. (2000). Reducing contemporary prejudice: combating explicit and implicit bias at the individual and intergroup level. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination (pp. 137-163). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  14. Echebarria-Echabe, A. &FernándezGuede, E. (2007). A new measure of anti-Arab prejudice: Reliability and validity evidence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(5), 1077-1091.
  15. Eyssel, J., Geschke, D. & Frindte, W. (2015). Is seeing believing? The relationship between tv consumption and Islamophobia in German majority society. Journal of Media Psychology, 27(4), 190-202.
  16. Esses, V.M., Dovidio, J.F., Jackson, L.M. & Armstrong, T.L. (2001). The immigrants dilemma: The role of perceived group competition, ethnic prejudice, and nationality identity. Journal of Social Issues, 53, 389-412. -- http://doi.wiley.com/ 10.1111/0022-4537.00220
  17. Fekete, L. (2001). The emergence of xeno-racism. Race & Class, 43(2), 23-40. DOI: 10.1177/030639680143200
  18. Gattino, S. & Tartaglia, S. (2015). The effect of television viewing on ethnic prejudice against immigrants: A study in the Italian context. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 44, 46-52.
  19. Gorsuch, R. & Aleshire, D. (1974). Christian faith and ethnic prejudice: a review and interpretation of research. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 14, 281-307. DOI: 10.2307/138475
  20. Hartley, L.K. & Pedersen, A. (2015). Asylum seekers and resettled refugees in Australia: Predicting social policy attitude from prejudice versus emotion. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 3(1), 179-197.
  21. Helbling, M. (2012). Islamophobia in the West: Measuring and explaining individual attitudes. New York: Routledge.
  22. Hello, E., Scheepers, P. & Gijsberts, M. (2002). Education and ethnic prejudice in Europe: explanations for cross-national variances in the educational effect on ethnic prejudice. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 46, 5-24. DOI: 10.1080/0031383012011558
  23. Hunsberger, B. & Jackson, L.M. (2005). Religion, meaning, and prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 807-826.
  24. Jackman, M. (1977). Prejudice, tolerance, and attitudes toward ethnic groups. Social Science Research, 6, 145-169. DOI: 10.1016/0049-089X(77)90005-
  25. Kuppens, T. & Spears, R. (2014). You don’t have to be well-educated to be an aversive racist, but it helps. Social Science Research, 45, 211-223.
  26. Latrofa, M., Vaes, J., Vieno, A. & Pastore, M. (2011, Settembre). Influenza mediatica sul pregiudizio verso gli immigrati: Nuovi mediatori. Seminario Tematico. Cittadinanza attiva, multiculturalità e immigrazione, Reggio Emilia.
  27. Pettigrew, T., Wagner, U. & Christ, O. (2007). Who opposes immigration?: comparing german with north american findings. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 4(1), 19-39. DOI: 10.1017/S1742058X0707003
  28. Pollay, R. W. (1986). The distorted mirror: Reflections on the unintended consequences of advertising. Journal of Marketing, 50, 18-36. DOI: 10.2307/125159
  29. Rowatt, W.C. & Kirkpatrick, L.A. (2002). Two dimensions of attachment to God and their relation to affect, religiosity, and personality constructs. Social Indicators Research, 114, 703-722. DOI: 10.1111/1468-5906.0014
  30. Salvatore, S., Mannarini, T., Avdi, E., Battaglia, F., Cremaschi, M., Fini, V., Forges, Davanzati, G., Kadianaki, I., Krasteva, A., Kullasepp, K., Matsopoulos, A., Mølholm, M., Redd, R., Rochira, A., Russo, F., Santarpia, A., Sammut, G., Valmorbida, A. & Veltri, G.A. (2019). Globalization, demand of sense and enemization of the other: A psychocultural analysis of European societies’ sociopolitical crisis. Culture and Psychology, 25(3), 345-374. DOI: 10.1177/1354067X1877905
  31. Scheepers, P., Gijsberts, M. & Hello, E (2002). Religiosity and prejudice against ethnic minorities in Europe: Cross-national tests on a controversial relationship. Review of Religious Research, 43(3), 242-265.
  32. Semyonov, M., Raijman, R. & Gorodzeisky, A. (2006). The rise of anti-foreigner sentiment in European societies, 1988-2000. American Sociological Review, 71, 426-449. DOI: 10.1177/00031224060710030
  33. Signorielli, N. (2001). Aging on television: The picture in the nineties. Generations, 25, 34-38.
  34. Slater, M.D., Henry, K.L., Swaim, R.C. & Cardador, J.M. (2004). Vulnerable teens, vulnerable times: How sensation seeking, alienation, and victimization moderate the violent media content-aggressiveness relation. Communication Research, 31, 642-668. DOI: 10.1177/009365020426926
  35. Stark, R. & Glock, C. (1968). American piety, patterns of religious commitment. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  36. Stewart, B.D., von Hippel, W. & Radvansky, G.A. (2009). Age, race, and implicit prejudice: Using process dissociation to separate the underlying componenets. Psychological Science, 20, 164-168.
  37. Tartaglia, S., Gattino, S & Bimbo C.A.A. (2019). The different dimensions of risk perception: The role of individual traits and watching TV. Psihologija, 52(4), 347-361. DOI: 10.2298/PSI181102007
  38. Tartaglia, S. & Rollero, C. (2015). Gender stereotyping in newspaper advertisements: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(8), 1103-1109. DOI: 10.1177/002202211559706
  39. Tartaglia, S., Rollero, C. & Bergagna, E. (2019). The two sides of Islamophobia and the perception of threat from Islamic terrorists. Journal of Community Psychology, 47 (7), 1772-1786.
  40. Terrizzi, Jr, J.A., Shook, N.J. &Ventis, W.L. (2010). Disgust: A predictor of social conservatism and prejudicial attitudes toward homosexuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 587-592.
  41. Van Hiel, A. & Mervielde, I. (2005). Authoritarianism and social dominance orientation: Relationships with various forms of racism. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35, 2323-2344.
  42. Verkuyten, M. (2004). Emotional reactions to and support for immigrant policies: Attributed responsibilities to categories of asylum seekers. Social Justice Research, 17(3), 3293-314.
  43. Von Hippel, W., Silver, L.A. & Lynch, M.E. (2000). Stereotyping against your will: The role of inhibitory ability in stereotyping and prejudice among the elderly. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 523-532. DOI: 10.1177/014616720026700
  44. Zakrisson, I. (2005). Construction of a short version of the right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(5), 863-872.

  • Presentazione del numero. Empowerment and social inclusion Immacolata Di Napoli, Sara Alfieri, in PSICOLOGIA DI COMUNITA' 1/2020 pp.5
    DOI: 10.3280/PSC2020-001001

Stefano Tartaglia, Chiara Rollero, Elisa Bergagna, Attitudes toward refugees in the Italian context in "PSICOLOGIA DI COMUNITA’" 1/2020, pp 80-92, DOI: 10.3280/PSC2020-001006