Click here to download

Evaluation of creative skills: Comparison between an healthy elderly italian group and the American normative group
Journal Title: RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA  
Author/s: Maura Crepaldi, Giulia Fusi, Maria Luisa Rusconi 
Year:  2020 Issue: 2 Language: Italian 
Pages:  18 Pg. 673-690 FullText PDF:  242 KB
DOI:  10.3280/RIP2020-002010
(DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation:  clicca qui   and here 


In recent years, growing studies evidence shows how creativity, in the form of divergent and convergent thinking, can foster psychological and cognitive well-being thanks to the ability to find different strategies in problem solving, providing a field in which it is possible to develop potentialities and in which fragile subjects, in particular the elderly, can find support for overcoming difficulties. For this purpose, it is important to have valid and shareable tools for evaluating creative skills in a preventive, promoting and enhancing perspective. This article pre-sents data collected by administering the creative test ATTA (Abbreviated Tor-rance Test for Adults). This test is used in several studies in the literature but vali-dated on an American sample. It is useful to provide a reference sample for fu-ture research, presenting preliminary data obtained from the administration of the test to elderly Italians adults, in order to be able to compare these with the American normative data.
Keywords: Creativity, ATTA, TTCT, divergent thinking, convergent thinking, adults, aging.

  1. Acar, S., & Runco, M. A. (2015). Thinking in multiple directions: Hyperspace categories in divergent thinking. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, And the Arts, 9, 41-53.
  2. Althuizen, N., Wierenga, B., & Rossiter, R., (2010). The validity of two brief measures of creative ability. Creativity Research Journal, 22(1), p. 53-61,, DOI: 10.1080/10400410903579577
  3. Anderson, N. D. (2019). State of the science on mild cognitive impairment (MCI). CNS spectrums, 24(1), 78-87., DOI: 10.1017/S1092852918001347
  4. Antonietti, A. & Molteni, S., (2014). Educare al pensiero creativo. Modelli e strumenti per la scuola, la formazione e il lavoro. Trento, Erickson.
  5. Antonietti, A. & Confalonieri, E. (2015). Il ruolo delle life skills nella promozione del benessere. Ricerche di Psicologia, 97-107.
  6. Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: Hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus?. Psychological bulletin, 134(6), 779.
  7. Benedek, M., Konen, T., & Neubauer, A.C. (2012). Associative abilities underlying creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, And the Arts, 6, 273-281.
  8. Benedek, M., Muhlmann, C., Jauk, E., & Neubauer, A.C., (2013). Assessment of divergent thinking by means of the subjective top-scoring method: effects of the number of top-ideas and time-on-task on reliability and validity. “Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 7:341-349,
  9. Benedek, M., Jauk, E., Fink, A., Koschutnig, K., Reishofer, G., Ebner, F., & Neubauer, A.C. (2014). To create or to recall? Neural mechanisms underlying the generation of creative new ideas. NeuroImage, 88:125-133.
  10. Benedek, M., & Fink, A., (2018). Toward a neurocognitive framework of creative cognition: the role of memory, attention, and cognitive control. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 27:116-122,
  11. Cesa Bianchi, M., & Antonietti, A. (2013). Creatività nella vita e nella scuola. Milano, Mondadori Università
  12. Dietrich, A. (2010). A Review of EEG, ERP, and Neuroimaging Studies of Creativity and Insight. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 822-848,
  13. Dorfman, L., Martindale, C., Gassimova, V., & Vartanian, O. (2008). Creativity and speed of information processing: A double dissociation involving elementary versus inhibitory cognitive tasks. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1382-1390,
  14. Fisher, B. J., & Specht, D. K. (2000). Successful aging and creativity in later life”, Journal of Aging Studies. 13, 457-472,, DOI: 10.1016/S0890-4065(99)00021-3
  15. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. F., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-198,, DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
  16. Forthmann, B., Szardenings, C., & Holling, H., (2018). Understanding the confounding effect of fluency in divergent thinking scores: revisiting average scores to quantify artefactual correlation. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts,
  17. Goff, K., & Torrance, E. P. (2002). “Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults” manual. Bensenville, IL, Scholastic Testing Service, Inc.
  18. Guilford, J. P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5, 444-454.
  19. Guilford, J. P. (1956). The structure of intellect. Psychological Bulletin, 53(4), 267.
  20. Guilford, J. P. (1957). Creative abilities in the arts. Psychological Review, 64(2), 110.
  21. Guilford, J. P. (1959). Three faces of intellect. American Psychologist, 14(8), 469.
  22. Guilford, J. P., Merrifield, P. R. (1960). The structure of intellect model: Its uses and implications. Studies of aptitudes of high-level personnel. University of Southern California, Psychological Laboratory.
  23. Guilford, J. P. (1962). Creativity: Its measurement and development. A source book for creative thinking, 151-167.
  24. Guilford, J. P. (1968). Intelligence, creativity, and their educational implications. San Diego, CA, Robert R. Knapp. Edits. Pub.
  25. Guilford, J. P. (1986). Creative talents: Their nature, uses and development. Bearly limited.
  26. Heilman, K. M. (2005). Creativity and the Brain. New York, Psychology Press., DOI: 10.4324/9780203942895
  27. Jauk, E., Benedek, M., Dunst, B., & Neubauer, A. C. (2013). The relationship between intelligence and creativity: New support for the threshold hypothesis by means of empirical breakpoint detection. Intelligence, 41, 212-221.
  28. Karwowski, M., Lebuda, I., Szumski, G., & Firkowska-Mankiewicz, A., (2017). From moment-to-moment to day-to-day: experience sampling and diary investigations in adults’ everyday creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 11, 309-324,
  29. Kemper, S., & Kemtes, K. (1999). Aging and message production and comprehension. In N. Schwarz, D. C. Park, B. Knauper, & S. Sudman (Eds.). Cognition, aging, and self-reports, 229-244. Hove, England, Psychology Press.
  30. Kim, K. H. (2006). Can we trust creativity tests? A review of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Creativity research journal, 18(1), 3-14.
  31. Lorenzen, Huber, L. (1991). Self‐Perceived Creativity in The Later Years: Case Studies of Older Nebraskans. Educational Gerontology: An International Quarterly, 17(4), 379-390., DOI: 10.1080/0360127910170407
  32. Madore, K.P., Addis, D.R., & Schacter, D.L. (2015) Creativity and memory: effects of an episodic specificity induction on divergent thinking. Psychological Science, 26 :1461-1468., DOI: 10.1177/0956797615591863
  33. Magni, E., Binetti, G., Bianchetti, A., Rozzini, R., & Trabucchi, M. (1996). Mini-Mental State Examination: a normative study in Italian elderly population. European Journal of Neurology, 3(3), 198-202.
  34. Marron, T.R., Lerner, Y., Berant ,E., Kinreich, S., Shapira-Lichter, I., Hendler, T., & Faust, M. (2018). Chain free association, creativity, and the default mode network. Neuropsychologia.
  35. Niu, W., & Sternberg, R. J. (2001). Cultural influences on artistic creativity and its evaluation. International Journal of Psychology, 36, 225-241., DOI: 10.1080/00207590143000036
  36. Palmiero, M., Nakatani, C., Raver, D., Olivetti Belardinelli, M., & Van Leeuwen, C., (2010). Abilities within and across Visual and Verbal Domains: How Specific is their influence on Creativity?. Creativity Research Journal, 22, 369-377,, DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2010.523396
  37. Palmiero, M., (2015). The effects of age on divergent thinking and creative objects production: a cross-sectional study. High Ability Studies,, DOI: 10.1080/13598139.2015.1029117
  38. Palmiero, M., Di Giacomo, D., & Passafiume, D. (2016). Can creativity predict cognitive reserve? The Journal of Creative Behavior, 50(1), 7-23,
  39. Park, D. C., Lautenschlager, G., Hedden, T., Davidson, N. S., Smith, A. D., & Smith, P. K. (2002). Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span. Psychology and Aging, 17, 299-320., DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.17.2.299
  40. Piffer, D. (2012). Can creativity be measured? An attempt to clarify the notion of creativity and general directions for future research. Thinking Skills Creativity 7, 258-264.
  41. Radel, R., Davranche, K., Fournier, M., & Dietrich, A. (2015). The role of (dis) inhibition in creativity: Decreased inhibition improves idea generation. Cognition, 134, 110-120.
  42. Runco, M. A. (2008). Creativity and education. New Horizons in Education, 56, 107-115.
  43. Runco, M. A., & Acar, S. (2012). Divergent thinking as an indicator of creative potential. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 66-75., DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2012.652929
  44. Runco, M. A. (2016). Commentary: Overview of developmental perspectives on creativity and the realization of potential. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, (151), 97-109.
  45. Santangelo G. et al (2014). Normative data for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in an Italian population sample. Neurological Science,
  46. Shamay-Tsoorya, S. G., Adlera, N., Aharon-Peretzb, J., Perrya, D., & Mayselessa, N. (2011). The origins of originality: the neural bases of creative thinking and originality. Neuropsychologia, 49, 178-185,
  47. Silvia P. J., Beaty R.E., Nusbaum E.C., Eddington K.M., Levin- Aspenson H., & Kwapil T.R., (2014). Everyday creativity in daily life: an experience-sampling study of “little c” creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 8:183-188,
  48. Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1999). The concept of creativity: Prospects and paradigms. in R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 3-15). New York, NY, Cambridge University Press.
  49. Torrance, E. P. (1966). The Torrance tests of creative thinking. Princeton, NJ, Personnel Press.
  50. Torrance, E. P. (1972). Predictive validity of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Journal of Creative Behavior, 6, 236-252.
  51. Torrance, E. P. (2008). The Torrance tests of creative thinking: Norms—Technical manual. Bensenville, IL, Scholastic Testing Service.
  52. Torrance, E. P. (1962). Guiding creative talent. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall.
  53. Torrance, E. P. (1995). Why fly?. Norwood, NJ, Ablex., DOI: 10.1177/001698629704100108
  54. Welling H. (2007). Four mental operations in creative cognition: the importance of abstraction. Creativity Research Journal, 19:163-177,, DOI: 10.1080/10400410701397214
  55. Zenasni F., & Lubart T.I. (2008). Emotion-related traits moderate the impact of emotional state on creative performances. Journal of Individual Differences, 29(3): 157-167., DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001.29.3.157

Maura Crepaldi, Giulia Fusi, Maria Luisa Rusconi, Evaluation of creative skills: Comparison between an healthy elderly italian group and the American normative group in "RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA " 2/2020, pp. 673-690, DOI:10.3280/RIP2020-002010

   

FrancoAngeli is a member of Publishers International Linking Association a not for profit orgasnization wich runs the CrossRef service, enabing links to and from online scholarly content