Click here to download

e-NET: Narrative Exposure Therapy online. The challenges and opportunities of delivering trauma therapy remotely
Journal Title: MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA 
Author/s: Katy Robjant, Danie Meyer, Elisabeth Kaiser, Elisa Kaltenbach, Maggie Schauer 
Year:  2020 Issue: 3 Language: English 
Pages:  14 Pg. 11-24 FullText PDF:  215 KB
DOI:  10.3280/MAL2020-003002
(DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation:  clicca qui   and here 


Despite efforts to increase access to evidence-based mental health programs for trauma sur-vivors, only a tiny proportion of eligible patients receive the required trauma-focused treat-ment. With new digital developments that allow increasingly natural communication online, it is no longer mandatory for therapists and clients to be in the same physical location. To mitigate barriers of access to Narrative Exposure Therapy, "e-NET" delivered over the In-ternet via video platforms is envisioned as an eco-friendly and economically viable option that enables delivery of trauma therapy beyond all border and travel restrictions for under-served populations. In the virtual therapy room, translators and/or health professionals can be included at any point, not only for therapy delivery but also to train, support and supervise trauma therapists worldwide. The opportunities and challenges of this novel ap-proach, firmly rooted in the practice of traditional NET, are outlined and case studies de-scribed. We conclude that the procedure appears to be feasible and effective at post-test and suggest that a rigorous scientific evaluation is a necessary next step.
Keywords: NET; online therapy; computerized therapy; PTSD; trauma.

  1. ACLED (2020). Call unanswered. A review of responses to the UN appeal for a global ceasefire. -- Disponibile online: https://acleddata.com/2020/05/13/call-unanswered-un-appeal.
  2. Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489-498.
  3. Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 315, 912-920.
  4. Elbert, T., & Schauer, M. (2014). Epigenetic, neural and cognitive memories of traumatic stress and violence. In S. Cooper & K. Ratele (Eds.), Psychology serving humanity: Proceedings of the 30th International Congress of Psychology (pp. 215-227). Western Psychology. East Sussex, New York: Psychology Press..
  5. Elbert, T., Schauer, M., & Neuner, F. (2015). Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) – reorganizing memories of traumatic stress, fear and violence. In U. Schnyder & M. Cloitre (Eds.), Evidence based treatments for trauma-related psychological disorders: A practical guide for clinicians. New York: Springer.
  6. FRA (2012). Violence against women Survey. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights -- (Disponibile online: https://fra.europa.eu/en/publications-and-resources/data-and-maps/survey-data-explorer-violence-against-women-survey).
  7. Gensichen, J., Schultz, S., Adrion, C. et al. (2018). Effect of a combined brief narrative exposure therapy with case management versus treatment as usual in primary care for patients with traumatic stress sequelae following intensive care medicine: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial (PICTURE). Trials, 19, 480.
  8. Kaltenbach, E., Crombach, A., Olthuis, J., Lach, L., & McGrath, P. (in preparation). Life beyond trauma - Study Protocol of an online Narrative Exposure Intervention for posttraumatic stress injury in parents of neurodiverse children.
  9. Kaltenbach, E., Robjant, K., Schauer, E., Crombach, A., Schauer, M., & McGrath, P. (in preparation). Practical guidelines for Narrative Exposure Therapy Online: e-NET.
  10. Karam, E. G., Friedman, M. J., Hill, E. D., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Petukhova, M., & De Girolamo, G. (2014). Cumulative traumas and risk thresholds: 12‐month PTSD in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Depression and Anxiety, 31(2), 130-142.
  11. Lely, J. C., Smid, G. E., Jongedijk, R. A., W. Knipscheer, J., & Kleber, R. J. (2019). The effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy: a review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1550344.
  12. Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Karunakara, U., et al. (2004) Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC Psychiatry, 4, 34., DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-4-34
  13. Parker, A. M., Sricharoenchai, T., Raparla, S., Schneck, K. W., Bienvenu, O. J., & Needham, D. M. (2015). Posttraumatic stress disorder in critical illness survivors: a metaanalysis. Critical Care Medicine, 43(5), 1121-1129.
  14. Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A, Yershova, K. V., Oquendo M. A., et al. (2011). The Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(12), 1266-1277.
  15. Robjant, K., Roberts, J., & Katona, C. (2017). Treating posttraumatic stress disorder in female victims of trafficking using Narrative Exposure Therapy: A retrospective audit. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 63.
  16. Schalinski, I., Schauer, M., & Elbert, T. (2015). The Shutdown Dissociation Scale. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 6, 25652.
  17. Schauer, M., & Elbert, T. (2010). Dissociation following traumatic stress. Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 218(2), 109-127.
  18. Schauer, M. (2016) The Mass Refugee Movement – Better Reframed as Mental Health Crisis? Global Perspectives of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies ISTSS StressPoints, a quarterly eNewsletter, March 2016., DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4113.1926
  19. Schauer, M., & Robjant, K. (2018). En‐counting adversities; the ‘building blocks’ of psychopathology. Commentary on Scheidell et al., Addiction, 113(1), 57-58.
  20. Schauer, M., Robjant, K., Elbert., T., & Neuner, F. (2020). Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) for survivors of complex trauma. In: J. Ford, C. Courtois (Eds.) Treating omplex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An evidence-based guide (pp. 309-331). New York: Guildford Press.
  21. Schauer, M., Schauer, M., Neuner, F., & Elbert, T. (2011). Narrative Exposure Therapy: A short-term treatment for traumatic stress disorders. Cambridge: Hogrefe.
  22. Siehl, S., Robjant, K & Crombach, A. (in press). Systematic review and meta-analyses of the long-term efficacy of narrative exposure therapy for adults, children and perpetrators, Psychotherapy Research.
  23. Weathers, F. W., Blake, D. D., Schnurr, P. P., Kaloupek, D. G., Marx, B. P., & Keane, T. M. (2013). The Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5) (Instrument available from the National Center for PTSD at -- www.ptsd.va.gov).
  24. World Health Organisation (2015) Injuries and Violence: The Facts. World Health Organisation -- (Disponibile online: https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/key_facts/en/).
  25. Zhang, J., Lu, H., Zeng, H., Zhang, S., Du, Q., Jiang, T., & Du, B. (2020). The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 49-50.

Katy Robjant, Danie Meyer, Elisabeth Kaiser, Elisa Kaltenbach, Maggie Schauer, in "MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA" 3/2020, pp. 11-24, DOI:10.3280/MAL2020-003002

   

FrancoAngeli is a member of Publishers International Linking Association a not for profit orgasnization wich runs the CrossRef service, enabing links to and from online scholarly content