The NETfacts health system: An integrative approach to counter the mental sequelae of trauma and violence at the individual and community level

Titolo Rivista MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA
Autori/Curatori Katy Robjant, Sabine Schmitt, Thomas Elbert, Amani Chibashimba, Anke Koebach
Anno di pubblicazione 2021 Fascicolo 2020/3 Lingua Inglese
Numero pagine 10 P. 63-72 Dimensione file 220 KB
DOI 10.3280/MAL2020-003006
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

In areas of armed conflict such as Eastern DR Congo, a large proportion of the population is affected by violence. Trauma and violent acts can lead to mental health and behavioural problems which have ramifications beyond the individual into the family, community and societal systems, and are passed on across generations. Dynamics of avoidance and with it the dysfunctional communication about survivors’ traumatic experience lead to the emergence of prejudices and marginalization of victims and prevent informed understandings in the aggregate. Cycles of violence emerge within communities that ‘build’ on the inherited consequences of conflict-related trauma. This article outlines the NETfacts health system that provides an integrated approach to counter the consequences of violence at the individual and community level.

In zone di conflitto come la Re-pubblica Democratica del Congo, un’ampia proporzione di popolazione è vittima di violen-za. Le esperienze traumatiche e gli atti di violenza, causando esiti avversi per la salute men-tale e problemi comportamentali, che vanno oltre l’individuo interessando la famiglia, la comunità e il sistema sociale, tramandano il trauma lungo le generazioni. Le dinamiche di evitamento e la comunicazione disfunzionale sulle esperienze traumatiche delle vittime com-portano la costruzione di pregiudizi e marginalizzazione dei sopravvissuti, non rendendo possibile una comprensione collettiva di tali vissuti. I cicli della violenza trovano spazio nel-le comunità che si "organizzano" sulle conseguenze ereditate di traumi conflitto-correlati. Questo articolo espone il modello di sistema sanitario NETfacts, che fornisce un approccio integrato per rispondere alle conseguenze della violenza a livello sia individuale sia di co-munità.

Keywords:Trauma collettivo; post-traumatic stress disorder; violenza; conflitti.

  1. Sharp, C., Fonagy, P., & Allen, J. G. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder: a social‐cognitive perspective. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 19(3), 229-240.
  2. Bauer, M., Blattman, C., Chytilová, J., Henrich, J., Miguel, E., & Mitts, T. (2016). Can war foster cooperation? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(3), 249-274.
  3. Bond, R. M., & Bushman, B. J. (2017). The contagious spread of violence among US adolescents through social networks. American Journal of Public Health, 107(2), 288-294.
  4. Brady, K. T., Killeen, T. K., Brewerton, T., & Lucerini, S. (2000). Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61, 22-32. DOI: 10.3928/0048-5713-20010501-09
  5. De Silva, M. J., McKenzie, K., Harpham, T., & Huttly, S. R. (2005). Social capital and mental illness: a systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59(8), 619-627.
  6. Elbert, T., Hermenau, K., Hecker, T., Weierstall, R., & Schauer, M. (2012). FORNET: Behandlung von traumatisierten und nicht-traumatisierten Gewalttätern mittels Narrativer Expositionstherapie. In J. Endras, A. Rossegger, F. Urbaniok, & B. Borchard (Eds.), Interventionen bei Gewalt- und Sexualstraftätern: Risko-Management, Methoden und Konzepte der forensischen Therapie (pp. 255-276). Berlin: Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft.
  7. Elbert, T., Schauer, M., & Moran, J. K. (2018). Two pedals drive the bi-cycle of violence: reactive and appetitive aggression. Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 135-138.
  8. Elbert, T., Weierstall, R., & Schauer, M. (2010). Fascination violence: On mind and brain of man hunters. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 260, 100-105.
  9. Hamama‐Raz, Y., Solomon, Z., Cohen, A., & Laufer, A. (2008). PTSD symptoms, forgiveness, and revenge among Israeli Palestinian and Jewish adolescents. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(6), 521-529.
  10. Harber, K. D., Podolski, P., & Williams, C. H. (2015). Emotional disclosure and victim blaming. Emotion, 15(5), 603-614.
  11. Joffe, H., & Staerklé, C. (2007). The centrality of the self-control ethos in Western aspersions regarding outgroups: a social representational approach to stereotype content. Culture and Psychology, 13(4), 395-418.
  12. Johnson, K., Scott, J., Rughita, B., Kisielewski, M., Asher, J., Ong, R., & Lawry, L. (2010). Association of sexual violence and human rights violations with physical and mental health in territories of the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Jama, 304(5), 553-562.
  13. Koebach, A., Schaal, S., Hecker, T., & Elbert, T. (2015). Psychotherapeutic intervention in the demobilization process: addressing combat‐related mental injuries with narrative exposure in a first and second dissemination stage. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(4), 807-825.
  14. Leary, M. R., Twenge, J. M., & Quinlivan, E. (2006). Interpersonal rejection as a determinant of anger and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(2), 111-132.
  15. Lely, J. C., Smid, G. E., Jongedijk, R. A., Knipscheer, W., & Kleber, R. J. (2019). The effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy: a review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1550344. DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1550344
  16. Maercker, A., & Horn, A. B. (2013). A socio‐interpersonal perspective on PTSD: the case for environments and interpersonal processes. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 20(6), 465-481.
  17. Neuner, F., Catani, C., Ruf, M., Schauer, E., Schauer, M., & Elbert, T. (2008). Narrative exposure therapy for the treatment of traumatized children and adolescents (KidNET): From neurocognitive theory to field intervention. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17(3), 641-664.
  18. Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Karunakara, U., Klaschik, C., Robert, C., & Elbert, T. (2004). Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC Psychiatry, 4(1), 34. DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-4-34
  19. Orth, U., & Wieland, E. (2006). Anger, hostility, and posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults: a meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(4), 698.
  20. Pham, P. N., Weinstein, H. M., & Longman, T. (2004). Trauma and PTSD symptoms in Rwanda: implications for attitudes toward justice and reconciliation. Jama, 292(5), 602-612.
  21. Reinhard, M. A., Dewald-Kaufmann, J., Wüstenberg, T., Musil, R., Barton, B. B., Jobst, A., & Padberg, F. (2019). The vicious circle of social exclusion and psychopathology: a systematic review of experimental ostracism research in psychiatric disorders. European Archieves of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 1-12.
  22. Ricciardi, E., Rota, G., Sani, L., Gentili, C., Gaglianese, A., Guazzelli, M., & Pietrini, P. (2013). How the brain heals emotional wounds: The functional neuroanatomy of forgiveness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 839.
  23. Robjant, K., Koebach, A., Schmitt, S., Chibashimba, A., Carleial, S., & Elbert, T. (2019). The treatment of posttraumatic stress symptoms and aggression in female former child soldiers using adapted Narrative Exposure Therapy - a RCT in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Behavior Research and Therapy, 123, 103482.
  24. Rosenquist, J. N., Fowler, J. H., & Christakis, N. A. (2011). Social network determinants of depression. Molecular Psychiatry, 16(3), 273.
  25. Schauer, M., Neuner, F., & Elbert, T. (2011). Narrative Exposure Therapy: A short-term treatment for traumatic stress disorders. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
  26. Schmitt, S., Robjant, K., Elbert, E., Chibashimba, A., Hoeffler, A., Carleial, S., & Koebach, A. (2020). Breaking the cycles of violence with narrative exposure: development and feasibility of a community-based intervention for populations living under continuous threat. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  27. Schnyder, U., Ehlers, A., Elbert, T., Foa, E. B., Gersons, B. P., Resick, P. A., Cloitre, M. (2015). Psychotherapies for PTSD: What do they have in common? European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 6, 28186.
  28. Sznycer, D., Xygalatas, D., Agey, E., Alami, S., An, X. F., Ananyeva, K. I., Tooby, J. (2018). Cross-cultural invariances in the architecture of shame. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 115(39), 9702-9707.
  29. Ullman, S. E., & Peter-Hagene, L. C. (2016). Longitudinal relationships of social reactions, PTSD, and revictimization in sexual assault survivors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(6), 1074-1094. DOI: 10.1177/0886260514564069

  • NETfacts: a community intervention integrating trauma treatment at the individual and collective level Anke Koebach, Katy Robjant, in European Journal of Psychotraumatology 1992962/2021
    DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1992962
  • When reintegration fails: Stigmatization drives the ongoing violence of ex‐combatants in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Sabine Schmitt, Katy Robjant, Anke Koebach, in Brain and Behavior e02156/2021
    DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2156
  • The Effectiveness and Feasibility of Psychological Interventions for Populations Under Ongoing Threat: A Systematic Review See Heng Yim, Hjördis Lorenz, Paul Salkovskis, in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse /2024 pp.577
    DOI: 10.1177/15248380231156198

Katy Robjant, Sabine Schmitt, Thomas Elbert, Amani Chibashimba, Anke Koebach, The NETfacts health system: An integrative approach to counter the mental sequelae of trauma and violence at the individual and community level in "MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA" 3/2020, pp 63-72, DOI: 10.3280/MAL2020-003006