LIBRI DI ANDR�� TORRE

La Val Polcevera è un territorio ‘di servizio’, compreso tra Genova e l’immediato entroterra. Esso è stato anche contenitore di diverse fasi migratorie, da quella interna del secondo dopoguerra a quella contemporanea di origine straniera. Comprendere l’impatto della presenza di cittadini stranieri in un quartiere popolare del capoluogo ligure comporta la costruzione di una rappresentazione più complessiva della situazione sociale di questo territorio ‘orfano’, oggi deindustrializzato e rimasto ai margini dello sviluppo urbano, ma che cerca di affrontare la sua attuale frammentazione con uno sguardo che non discrimina, proponendosi come un arcipelago di realtà.

Poles of competitiveness, the ambiguous comeback of local applications of the French industrial policy - The French experiment of the "Pôles de compétitivité" is an original initiative of the French authorities in order to promote innovation-oriented collaborations and synergies between large firms, small companies and public research centres at the regional level. As such, it represents a striking revival of industrial policy and governmentguided programs towards supporting regional projects in terms of economic development. Launched in 2005, this policy is still pursued successfully, despite some ambiguities, in particular those concerning the large geographic dispersion of the projects supported and the financial support concentrated on a few very large clusters.

Keywords: poles of competitiveness, innovation, industrial policy, local development

Parole chiave: poli di competitività, innovazione, politica industriale, sviluppo locale

Jel Classification: O25 - O3-– R3

The production of scientific and technological innovations has become essential for many firms, but they are seldom in possession of all the necessary knowledge. Firms have recourse to external sources, such as cooperation with other firms or public organizations of research. In this article, we try to provide some answers to the following question. What is the role played by geographical and organized proximities in the context of external acquisitions of knowledge? How can these forms of proximity be used to help solve the conflicts that emerge during of an innovation project? First, we present works on spillovers claiming the importance of geographical proximity for circulation of knowledge. Having explained the relevance of permanent and temporary geographical proximity, we then turn to a discussion of conflicts between cooperators within innovation processes. The empirical study, based on a case study of French biotechnology firms, serves to prove our hypothesis that temporary geographical proximity plays an important role in resolving conflicts between innovators.

Come è possibile sviluppare strategie di co-marketing sportivo in cui siano presenti in modo significativo i campioni, attuali o passati, degli sport più amati dalla popolazione. Le esperienze della Juventus F.C., della Lega Pallavolo, di Hidetoshi Nakata, ma anche della Pepsi Cola, della Tally, della Gazzetta dello Sport, di Tele+, e di altre aziende che hanno scelto di collaborare con grandi campioni dello sport, quali Del Piero, Totti, Biaggi, Lucchetta, Fisichella, Inzaghi, Maldini e tanti altri.