The Discussion section is dedicated to the highly polemical reception of Ariel Toaff’s book Pasque di sangue. Ebrei d’Europa e omicidi rituali (il Mulino 2007), dedicated to a XVth century Inquisition trial of Jews of Ashkenazi ritual in Trent. Stuart Woolf, David Bidussa, Alessandro Laterza and Marina Caffiero comment on the impact of the media reception of the book, but particularly on the broader implications of anti-semitism and the history of the Jews, the professional and civic responsibilities of historians, and the delicate borderline between censureship and freedom of research.