Condividi
Revisiting intersectionality for EU anti-discrimination law in an economic crisis - A critical legal studies perspective
Titolo Rivista: SOCIOLOGIA DEL DIRITTO  
Autori/Curatori: Dagmar Schiek 
Anno di pubblicazione:  2016 Fascicolo: 2 Lingua: Inglese 
Numero pagine:  22 P. 23-44 Dimensione file:  320 KB
DOI:  10.3280/SD2016-002003
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più:  clicca qui   qui 

 

L’articolo esamina come la legislazione dell’Unione europea contro la discriminazione metta alla prova le misure anti-crisi dell’UE dal una prospettiva di critical legal studies. Tali studi si caratterizzano per la loro sfida alla ‘lex’ attraverso il riferimento allo ‘ius’ e i loro collegamenti critici con i movimenti sociali. La legislazione della UE contro la discriminazione attrae critiche in quanto costituisce un campo socio-giuridico compartimentato che impedisce di rendere giustizia a coloro che si trovano all’intersezione tra diseguaglianze. Definendo, come scopo della legislazione comunitaria contro la discriminazione, la lotta contro gli svantaggi derivanti dall’alterità ascritta attorno ai nodi ‘sesso/genere’, ‘razza/etnia’ e ‘disabilità’, l’articolo propone una convincente visione normativa, idonea a de-compartimentare il campo e ad indirizzare in modo adeguato l’intersezionalità. Questa prospettiva critico-giuridica sull’intersezionalità differisce dalla prospettiva sociologica in quanto omette la classe come categoria. L’articolo dimostra che questa distinzione è necessaria affinché la legislazione EU contro la discriminazione mantenga il suo taglio critico.

This article discusses the role of EU anti-discrimination law in challenging EU anti-crisis measures from a critical legal studies perspective. Critical legal scholarship is defined through its challenge of ‘lex’ through the vision of ‘ius’ and its critical links with social movements. EU anti-discrimination law attracts critique for constituting a compartmentalised socio-legal field, which prevents justice for those at intersections of inequalities. By defining as the aim of anti-discrimination law the combat of disadvantage resulting from ascribed otherness around the nodes sex/gender, race/ethnicity, and disability, the article suggests a convincing normative vision suitable to de-compartmentalise the field and adequately address intersectionality. This critical legal perspective on intersectionality differs from its sociological counterparts by omitting class as a category. The article demonstrates that this distinction is necessary for EU anti-discrimination law to maintain its critical edge.
Keywords: Unione europea - Intersezionalità - Crisi economica - Movimenti sociali - Nodi- Tagli allo Stato sociale

  1. Arts, Wil A., & John Gelissen, 2010. Models of the Welfare State. In Francis G. Castles Stephan Leibfried, Jane Lewis, Herbert Obinger & Christopher Pierson (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  2. Baer, Susanne, 2012. Book Review: European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality: Investigating the Triangle of ‘Race’, Gender and Disability, Dagmar Schiek & Anna Lawson (eds.). Farnham: Ashgate, 2011. Common Market Law Review, 49, 4: 1495-1497.
  3. Bell, Mark, 2002. Anti-Discrimination Law and the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  4. Bullock, Jess, & Annick Masselot, 2012. Multiple Discrimination and Intersectional Disadvantages: Challenges and Opportunities in the European Union Legal Framework. Columbia Journal of European Law, 19, 1: 57-82.
  5. Castles, Francis G., Stephan Leibfried, Jane Lewis, Herbert Obinger & Christopher Pierson (eds.), 2010. The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  6. Cho, Sumi, Kimberlé W. Crenshaw & Leslie McCall, 2013. Towards a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications and Praxis. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Societies, 38, 4: 785-810.
  7. Colombo, Enzo, & Paola Rebughini, 2015. Italian Young People Coping with the Consequences of Economic Crisis: an Intersectional Analysis. Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 5, 4: 1031-1049.
  8. Conaghan, Joanne, 2009. Intersectionality and the Feminist Project in Law. In Emily Grabham, Davina Cooper, Jane Krishnadas & Didi Herman (eds.), Intersectionality and Beyond: Law, Power and the Politics of Location. London: Routledge-Cavendish.
  9. Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  10. —, 1999. Social Foundations of Post-Industrial Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  11. Fraser, Nancy, 2000. Rethinking Recognition. New Left Review, 3, 1: 107-120.
  12. —, 2007. Re-Framing Justice in a Globalizing World. In Terry Lovell (ed.), (Mis)Recognition, Social Inequality and Social Justice. London: Routledge.
  13. Fredman, Sandra, 2008. Human Rights Transformed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  14. —, [2002]2011. Discrimination Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  15. —, & Beth Goldblatt, 2015. Gender Equality and Human Rights. New York: United Nations Women.
  16. —, 2016. Intersectional Discrimination in EU Gender Equality and Non-Discrimination Law. Brussels: European Commission.
  17. Gerhards, Jürgen, & Holger Lengfeld, 2015. European Citizenship and Social Integration in the European Union. New York: Palgrave.
  18. Goldblatt, Beth, 2015. Intersectionality in International Anti-Discrimination Law: Addressing Poverty in Its Complexity. Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 53, forthcoming.
  19. Grabham, Emily, Davina Cooper, Jane Krishnadas & Didi Herman (eds.), 2011. Intersectionality and Beyond: Law, Power and the Politics of Location. London: Routledge-Cavendish.
  20. Guiraudon, Virginie, 2009. Equality in the Making. Implementing EU Non-Discrimination Law. Citizenship Studies, 13, 5: 527-541.
  21. Havelková, Hana, & Libora Oates-Indruchová (eds.), 2014. The Politics of Gender Culture under State Socialism: An Expropriated Voice. London: Routledge.
  22. Hepple, Bob, 2004. Race and Law in Fortress Europe. Modern Law Review, 67, 1: 1-15.
  23. Holzleithner, Elisabeth, 2005. Mainstreaming Equality: Dis/Entangling Grounds of Discrimination. Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems, 14, 3: 927-950.
  24. Hoskyns, Catherine, 1996. Integrating Gender: Women, Law and Politics in the European Union. London: Verso.
  25. Jacquot, Sophie, & Tommaso Vitale, 2015. Law as Weapon of the Weak? A Comparative Analysis of Legal Mobilization by Roma and Women’s Groups at the European Level. Journal of European Public Policy, 21, 4: 587-604.
  26. Kemple, Mariam, Fatima Ahmad & Suraj Girijashanker, 2011. Shaping Disability Rights through Shaping the Disability Movement. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 3, 3: 355-363.
  27. Khaitan, Tarunabh, 2015. A Theory of Discrimination Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  28. Kilpatrick, Claire, 2014. Are the Bailouts Immune to EU Social Challenge Because They Are Not EU Law? European Constitutional Law Review, 10, 3: 393-421.
  29. Koppelman, Andrew, 1996. Antidiscrimination Law and Social Equality. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  30. Koukoulis-Spiliotopoulos, Sophia, 2005. The Amended Equal Treatment Directive (2002/73): An Expression of Constitutional Principles/Fundamental Rights. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 12, 4: 327-368.
  31. Koutnatzis, Stylianos-Ioannis G., 2005. Social Rights as a Constitutional Compromise: Lessons from Comparative Experience. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 44, 1: 74-133.
  32. Krzsán, Andrea, Hege Skjeje & Judith Squire (eds.), 2012. Institutionalizing Intersectionality: The Changing Nature of European Equality Regimes. Basingstoke: McMillan.
  33. Lahey, Kathleen A., & Paloma Villota, 2013. Economic Crisis, Gender Equality and Policy Responses in Spain and Canada. Feminist Economics, 19, 3: 82-107.
  34. Lépinard, Éléonore, 2013. For Women Only? Gender Quotas and Intersectionality in France. Politics & Gender, 9, 1: 276-298.
  35. Mabbet, Deborah, 2005. The Development of Rights-Based Social Policy in the European Union: The Example of Disability Rights. Journal of Common Market Studies, 43, 1: 97-120.
  36. Makkonen, Timo, 2002. Multiple, Compound and Intersectional Discrimination: Bringing the Experiences of the Most Marginalized to the Fore. Turku: Institute for Human Rights Åbo Akademi University.
  37. Martínez-Bascuñán, Máriam, 2012. Género, emancipación y diferencia(s). La teoría política de Iris Marion Young. Madrid: Plaza y Valdés.
  38. McColgan, Aileen, 2014. Discrimination, Equality and the Law. Oxford: Hart.
  39. Monaghan, Karon, 2011. Multiple and Intersectional Discrimination in EU Law. European Anti-Discrimination Law Review, 13: 20-32.
  40. Niessen, Jan, & Isabelle Chopin (eds.), 2004. The Development of Legal Instruments to Combat Racism in a Diverse Europe. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff.
  41. Onufrio, Maria Vittoria, 2014. Intersectional Discrimination in the European Legal Systems: Toward a Common Solution? International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 14, 2: 126-140.
  42. Oprea, Alexandra, 2009. Intersectionality Backlash: A Romani Feminist’s Response. Roma Rights, 2: 21-24.
  43. Pristed Nielsen, Helene, 2012. Joint Purpose? Intersectionality in the Hands of Anti-racist and Gender Equality Activists in Europe. Ethnicities, 13, 3: 276-294.
  44. Quinn, Gerard & Eilinóir Flynn, 2012. Transatlantic Borrowings: The Past and Future of EU Non-Discrimination Law and Policy. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 60, 1: 23-48.
  45. Roseberry, Lynn, 2009. Religion, Ethnicity and Gender in the Danish Headscarf Case. In Dagmar Schiek & Victoria Chege (eds.), European Union Non-Discrimination Law: Comparative Perspectives on Multidimensional Equality Law. Abingdon & New York: Routledge-Cavendish.
  46. Schiek, Dagmar, 2000. Differenzierte Gerechtigkeit. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
  47. ―, 2001. Artikel 20 Abs. 1-3 V: Sozialstaat. In Ekkehard Stein (ed.), Alternativkommentar zum Grundgesetz. Neuwied et al: Luchterhand.
  48. ―, 2002. A New Framework on Equal Treatment of Persons in EC Law? Directives 2000/43/EC, 2000/78/EC and 2002/73/EC Changing Directive 76/207/EEC in Context. European Law Journal, 8, 2: 290-314.
  49. ―, 2005. Broadening the Scope and the Norms of EU Gender Equality Law: Towards a Multidimensional Conception of Equality Law. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 12, 4: 427-466.
  50. ―, Lisa Waddington & Mark Bell, 2007. Introduction. In Dagmar Schiek, Lisa Waddington & Mark Bell (eds.), Cases Materials and Text on European, International and National Non-Discrimination Law. Oxford: Hart.
  51. ―, 2009a. Multiple Discrimination in EU Law. In Susanne Burri & Dagmar Schiek (eds.), Multiple Discrimination in EU Law: Opportunities for Legal Responses to Intersectional Gender Discrimination? Brussels: European Commission.
  52. ―, 2009b. From European Union Non-Discrimination Law towards Multidimensional Equality Law for Europe. In Dagmar Schiek & Victoria Chege (eds.), European Union Non-Discrimination Law. Comparative Perspectives on Multidimensional Equality Law. London: Routledge.
  53. ―, & Victoria Chege (eds.), 2009. European Non-Discrimination Law. Comparative Perspectives on Multidimensional Equality Law. London: Routledge.
  54. ―, 2010a. Is There a Social Ideal of the European Court of Justice? In Ulla Neergaard, Ruth Nielsen & Lynn Roseberry (eds.), The Role of Courts in Developing a European Social Model – Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives. Copenhagen: DJØF Publishing.
  55. ―, 2010b. EU Non-Discrimination Law & Policy: Gender in the Maze of Multidimensional Equalities. In Christine Hohmann-Dennhardt, Marita Körner & Reingard Zimmer (eds.), Geschlechtergerechtigkeit. Liber Amicorum Heide Pfarr. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
  56. ―, 2011. Organising EU Non-Discrimination Law Around the Nodes of ‘Race’, Gender and Disability? In Dagmar Schiek & Anna Lawson (eds.), European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality: Investigating the Triangle of Racial, Gender and Disability Discrimination. Farnham: Ashgate.
  57. ―, & Anna Lawson (eds.), 2011. EU Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality: Investigating the Triangle of Race, Gender and Disability. Farnham: Ashgate.
  58. ―, & Jule Mulder, 2011. Intersectionality and EU Law: A Critical Appraisal. In Dagmar Schiek & Anna Lawson (eds.), EU Law and Intersectionality: Investigating the Triangle of Racial, Gender and Disability Discrimination. Farnham: Ashgate.
  59. ―, 2012. Social Ideals of the Court of Justice of the European Union. In Tatjana Evas, Ulrike Liebert & Christopher Lord (eds.), Multilayered Representation in the European Union: Parliaments, Courts and the Public Sphere. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
  60. ―, 2016. Intersectionality and the Notion of Disability in EU Discrimination Law. Common Market Law Review, 53, 1: 35-64.
  61. Schraad-Tischler, Dagmar, 2016. Social Justice in the EU – Index Report 2015. Düsseldorf: Bertelsmann Foundation.
  62. Sheppard, Colleen, 2015. Inclusive Equality and New Approaches to Discrimination in Transnational Labour Law. In Adelle Blackett & Anne Trebilcock (eds.), Research Handbook on Transnational Labour Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  63. Skjeje, Hege, 2008. Multiple Equality Claims in the Practice of the Norwegian Anti-Discrimination Agencies. In Dagmar Schiek & Victoria Chege (eds.), European Union Non-Discrimination Law: Comparative Perspectives on Multidimensional Equality Law. Abingdon & New York: Routledge-Cavendish.
  64. Somek, Alexander, 2011. An Essay on EU Anti-Discrimination Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  65. Tiberj, Vincent, & Laure Michon, 2013. Two-Tier Pluralism in ‘Colour-Blind’ France. West European Politics, 36, 3: 580-596.
  66. Verloo, Mieke, 2006. Multiple Inequalities, Intersectionality and the European Union. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 13, 3: 211-228.
  67. ―, 2013. Intersectional and Cross-Movement Politics and Policies: Reflections on Current Practices and Debates. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 38, 4: 893-915.
  68. Vieten, Ulrike M. (ed.), 2014. Revisiting Iris Marion Young on Normalisation, Inclusion and Democracy. London: Macmillan.
  69. Vlad, Dumitrache & Ilean Tache, 2013. Impact of Global Economic Crisis on the European Welfare States. European Research Studies, 16, 3: 3-17.
  70. Young, Iris Marion, 2009. Structural Injustice and the Politics of Difference. In Emily Grabham Davina Cooper, Jane Krishnadas & Didi Herman (eds.), Intersectionality and Beyond. Oxon: Routledge-Cavendish.
  71. Yuval-Davis, Nira, & Floya Antyas, 1983. Gender, Race and Class. London: Polity Press.
  72. Zarrehparvar, Mandana, & Caroline Osander, 2007. Tackling Multiple Discrimination: Practices, Policies and Laws. Brussels: European Commission.



  1. Dagmar G. Schiek, On Uses, Mis-Uses and Non-Uses of Intersectionality Before the European Court of Justice (ECJ): The ECJ Rulings Parris (C-433/15), Achbita (C-157/15) and Bougnaoui (C-188/15) as a Bermuda Triangle? in SSRN Electronic Journal /2018 pp. , DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3196036
  2. Dagmar Schiek, On uses, mis-uses and non-uses of intersectionality before the Court of Justice (EU) in International Journal of Discrimination and the Law /2018 pp. 82, DOI: 10.1177/1358229118799232

Dagmar Schiek, in "SOCIOLOGIA DEL DIRITTO " 2/2016, pp. 23-44, DOI:10.3280/SD2016-002003

   

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association associazione indipendente e no profit per facilitare l'accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche