The article examines and compares the evolution of Breton and Flemish nationalist movements from 1870s to 1945, and has two principal aims: first, to bring to light the intrinsic connection between the socio-economic framework of both regions and the ideological evolution of nationalism; and, second, to determine if these movements were simply an expression of the hope of gaining independence or, in contrast, were rather the evolution of right-wing ethnical nationalism leading these organizations to truly adhere to Nazism, beyond the claim of political independence.
Keywords: Nazionalismo, Bretoni, Fiamminghi, Collaborazionismo, Nazismo