The critical issues in achieving school success of children and adolescents in adoption, in het-ero-family custody and in protective structures, are phenomena attested in international literature in different countries. In Italy (the only country in Europe), thanks to family associations, the issue was addressed by the «Linee di indirizzo per il diritto allo studio degli alunni adottati» (MIUR, 2014) and the «Linee guida per il diritto allo studio delle alunne e degli alunni fuori della famiglia di origine» (MIUR AGIA, 2017). In this paper, the main difficulties of this segment of children and young people, the effectiveness of the previous tools imple-mented and the practices of the educating community are analyzed.
Keywords: Adoption; foster care; voluntary sector; school education.