From ‘caporalato’ to employers responsability. Critical reflections on the sys-tem of severe labour exploitation

The article analyses the complexity of the phenomenon of severe labor exploita-tion and its organic systematization as an expression of contemporary capitalism. Assuming the limits within which, in academia and in the public debate, these dy-namics are reflected upon, the authors propose a new definition of the concept of severe labor exploitation that attempts to integrate approaches and perspectives that in the literature are fragmented. This definition is based on three dimensions: economic, social-reproductive and environmental, to be considered in a circular relationship in which the consequences of one impact on the others. Within this framework, the condition of the labor force, especially migrants, has become a crossroads on which a regulatory pluralism, both formal and informal, converges, leading to subordination and severe forms of exploitation. It is a process that can-not be circumscribed within the agricultural sector alone, but spread across multi-ple productive sectors, each with specific modes of operating. Therefore, the study goes beyond the centrality assumed over the years by the concept of 'caporalato' to introduce that of 'padronato', where the responsibilities are to be found in the systematic nature of the phenomena linked to severe labor exploitation.

Keywords: migrant labor; Severe Labor Exploitation; agricultural labor; caporala-to; padronato, Trafficking; smuggling.

• Introduzione. Dalla società democratica alla società irretita Marco Omizzolo, in WELFARE E ERGONOMIA 1/2024 pp.11
  DOI: 10.3280/WE2024-001002
• Corpi migranti al lavoro. Forme di sfruttamento e processi di (in)visibilizzazione dalle campagne siciliane alle piattaforme digitali Federica Cabras, Luigi di Cataldo, Monica Massari, in WELFARE E ERGONOMIA 1/2024 pp.27
  DOI: 10.3280/WE2024-001003
• Immigrant Work and the Production of Italian Agrifood: The Variants of Subordinate Integration Maurizio Ambrosini, in Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies /2024 pp.1
  DOI: 10.1080/15562948.2024.2424164
• Sfruttare dentro le regole. Esternalizzazioni in agricoltura e nei servizi socio-educativi Chiara Davoli, in WELFARE E ERGONOMIA 1/2024 pp.85
  DOI: 10.3280/WE2024-001007
• Dual mastering and labour exploitation: Life and work stories of Romanian women in home care in Italy from Romania Isabella Corvino, Claudia Petrescu, Pina Sodano, in WELFARE E ERGONOMIA 1/2024 pp.103
  DOI: 10.3280/WE2024-001008
• Digitalizzazione e migrazioni: piattaforme informatiche e lavoro agricolo Sara Korbi, in WELFARE E ERGONOMIA 1/2024 pp.137
  DOI: 10.3280/WE2024-001010
• Cooperative e lavoro migrante in agricoltura e nella logistica Giulia Peruzzi, Valeria Piro, in ECONOMIA E SOCIETÀ REGIONALE 1/2024 pp.74
  DOI: 10.3280/ES2024-001006
• Chi semina sfruttamento raccoglie campagne, di sensibilizzazione. Il ruolo delle diaspore nel contrasto allo sfruttamento lavorativo Stefania Peca, Pierluigi Musarò, in WELFARE E ERGONOMIA 1/2024 pp.163
  DOI: 10.3280/WE2024-001012
• Regimi intersezionali di precarietà. Note a margine di una ricerca qualitativa sul grave sfruttamento del lavoro migrante in Liguria Emanuela Abbatecola, Davide Filippi, in SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO 169/2024 pp.173
  DOI: 10.3280/SL2024-169009
• Il welfare aziendale territoriale: una prima mappatura dei casi italiani Valentino Santoni, in WELFARE E ERGONOMIA 1/2024 pp.185
  DOI: 10.3280/WE2024-001014

Emanuela Abbatecola, Davide Filippi, Marco Omizzolo, Incursioni L’inconsistenza dei diritti. Il Grave Sfruttamento del Lavoro migrante in Italia. Introduzione. Dal caporalato al padronato. Riflessioni critiche sul sistema del Grave Sfruttamento Lavorativo in "MONDI MIGRANTI" 2/2022, pp 9-36, DOI: 10.3280/MM2022-002001