RISULTATI RICERCA

Some issues concerning the problem of efficacy of psychotherapy are reviewed and discussed. The difference between clinical research and empirical research is examined, also with some philosophical considerations. Clinical research and empirical research are very different: the former is conducted by the psychotherapist in the daily work with patients, while the latter is performed in the experimental laboratory. It is then discussed whether replicability, which is a central characteristic of the scientific method, is possible in psychotherapy. An overview of the history of the psychotherapy research movement is then traced: a first phase has been mainly dedicated to outcome research, while a second phase concerns mostly process research. Finally, some recent research on the efficacy of psychoanalysis is summarized, where it increasingly emerges that psychoanalysis and dynamic psychotherapy are not inferior, but sometimes even superior, to cognitive-behavioral therapy.

In recent years, cases of food hypersensitivity reactions in the Western population have significantly increased, with over 50% of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) believing that food triggers their symptoms. The main culprits include FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols) and specific protein components of wheat, such as gluten and amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs). Gastrointestinal symptoms related to carbohydrate malabsorption stem from two primary mechanisms. First, unabsorbed carbohydrates can feed certain gut bacteria, leading to fermentative dysbiosis and gas production, which causes bloating and abdominal distension. Second, a diet rich in unabsorbed sugars draws water into the intestinal lumen, accelerating transit and resulting in diarrhea.
Adverse reactions to gluten include celiac disease, wheat allergy, and non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGS/WS). The latter triggers both intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms, which improve upon gluten withdrawal. Recent studies suggest that, in addition to gluten, other wheat components, such as ATIs and FODMAPs, can contribute to symptom exacerbation. NCGS/WS is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and immune alterations. Although a gluten-free diet is currently considered the only available therapeutic strategy, it may negatively impact gut microbiota and the bioavailability of minerals and vitamins.
Recent research suggests the use of strain-specific probiotics to improve fermentative dysbiosis, reducing gas-producing species and enhancing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, gluten proteins, and micronutrients. In conclusion, an integrated approach combining a low-FODMAP diet (LFD) with specific probiotics could be an effective strategy for managing carbohydrate malabsorption symptoms in FGID, restoring intestinal homeostasis, and counteracting associated microbial hyperfermentation.

In this essay, we propose a sociological and territorial perspective on the relationship be-tween capital and space and, more specifically, on the financialisation of urban development. Having sketched an analytical and conceptual framework, we invite the reader to put the prop-erty market at the centre of their analysis of the transformation of urban space. Finally, we briefly discuss the state of the art in Italy, suggesting new avenues for future research.

La violenza maschile contro le donne è un fenomeno sociale e culturale strutturale, radicato nei rapporti di potere tra i generi. Il volume nasce dall’esigenza di offrire ad assistenti sociali, studentesse e studenti, operatrici e operatori dei servizi sociali, un quadro integrato che coniughi sociologia della violenza di genere, pratica professionale e cornice normativa fornendo modelli operativi di intervento e dispositivi per il riconoscimento di stereotipi e pregiudizi.

Battaglie quotidiane propone una riflessione pedagogica capace di leggere criticamente l’esistente e di porre le basi per costruire spazi di convivenza fondati sul rispetto, sull’equità e sul riconoscimento delle alterità. Per tali ragioni, il volume si rivolge a chi, quotidianamente, è impegnato in modo attivo nell’ambito dell’educazione, della ricerca e del sociale, ma anche a chi, ogni giorno, sceglie di trasformare le proprie battaglie in gesti di cura, conoscenza, riconoscimento e libertà.