Innovare is a teacher-based dropout prevention program, promoted by the Regional government in Tuscany (Italy), aimed at reducing dropout in the early grades of vocational high schools through the introduction of innovative teaching methods. The Innovare study is a cluster-randomized experiment. We adopt a randomization inference approach to evaluate the effect of the Innovare program at the cluster-level, using sub-classifications on the propensity score to adjust for differences in the observed background pretreatment variables between treatment groups. We also conduct individual- level analyses using multilevel models. The results at both cluster- and individual- level suggest that Innovare has positive effects. Although the estimated effects are small, there is some evidence that Innovare decreases the probability of failing and dropping out, reduces the absence rate, and increases the probability of postponing the evaluation.
