4 febbraio: una giornata di lotta per 365 giorni di rischio. I numeri del cancro

Titolo Rivista SALUTE E SOCIETÀ
Autori/Curatori Claudio Torrigiani
Anno di pubblicazione 2015 Fascicolo 2015/2
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 18 P. 19-36 Dimensione file 96 KB
DOI 10.3280/SES2015-002003
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

The author presents some data and estimates about incidence, mortality and prevalence of the oncological diseases, in Italy and around the World, focusing on gender differences and those between countries with different levels of development. After some remarks on the economic and social costs of this plague of our time, are reviewed, along with the biological ones, lifestyles and environmental factors that contribute to the onset of the disease and explain the insistence of the institutions on the fundamental role of prevention. Media campaigns promoted for this purpose are partially effective, because are object of antagonistic pushes of deep-rooted social norms, habits and addictions, marketing and other powerful factors. The author reports some data, representative of economic and political interests tied to the rootedness of behaviors and environmental risk factors that suggest to carefully consider, in addition to the individual level, the structural determinants to be tackled for effective prevention of cancer.;

Keywords:Cancro; incidenza, mortalità e prevalenza; stili di vita; fattori ambientali di rischio; costi economici e sociali; interessi economici e politici

  1. AIOM-AIRTUM (2013). I numeri del cancro in Italia 2013, Rodengo Saiano – Brescia: Intermedia Editore
  2. Ardissone A., Maturo A., a cura di (2013). Disuguaglianze sociali e vissuto dei malati oncologici, Salute e Società. Milano: FrancoAngeli
  3. Armstrong B.K., Kricker A. (1993). How much melanoma is caused by sun exposure? Melanoma Research, 3(6): 395-402. DOI: 10.1097/00008390-199311000-0000
  4. Becker M., Edwards S., Massey R.I. (2010). Toxic chemicals in toys and children’s products: limitations of current responses and recommendations for government and industry. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(21): 7986-7991. DOI: 10.1021/es100940
  5. Fontana A., Bona E., Falcone A. (2014). Strategie di prevenzione e cura in oncologia: differenze di genere. Salute e Società, 1: 75-88. DOI: 10.3280/SES2014-00100
  6. Beelen R., Raaschou-Nielsen O., Stafoggia M., Andersen Z.J., Weinmayr G., Hoffmann B., Probst-Hensch N. (2014). Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality: an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project. The Lancet, 383(9919): 785-795. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62158-
  7. Berman D.W., Crump K.S. (2008). A meta-analysis of asbestos-related cancer risk that addresses fiber size and mineral type. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 38(S1): 49-73. DOI: 10.1080/1040844080227315
  8. Beyersmann D. (2002). Effects of carcinogenic metals on gene expression. Toxicology letters, 127(1): 63-68. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4274(01)00484-
  9. Boffetta P., Hashibe M. (2006). Alcohol and cancer. The Lancet Oncology, 7(2): 149-156. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70577-
  10. Bray F., Ren J.S., Masuyer E., Ferlay J. (2013). Estimates of global cancer prevalence for 27 sites in the adult population in 2008. International Journal of Cancer, 132(5): 1133-45. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2771
  11. Brown P., Zavestoski S.M., McCormick S., Mandelbaum J., Luebke T. (2001). Print media coverage of environmental causation of breast cancer. Sociology of Health & Illness, 23(6): 747-775. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.0027
  12. Chaloupka F.J., Straif K., Leon M.E. (2010). Effectiveness of tax and price policies in tobacco control. Tobacco Control. DOI: 10.1136/tc.2010.03998
  13. Chen W.Y., Rosner B., Hankinson S.E., Colditz G.A., Willett W.C. (2011). Moderate alcohol consumption during adult life, drinking patterns, and breast cancer risk. JAMA, 306(17): 1884-1890. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.159
  14. Cogliano V.J., Baan R., Straif K., Grosse Y., Lauby-Secretan B., El Ghissassi F., Wild C.P. (2011). Preventable exposures associated with human cancers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 103(24): 1827-1839. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr48
  15. Cook J.W. (1938). Carcinogenic chemical agents. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 11(1): 1
  16. Cordain L., Eaton S.B., Sebastian A., Mann N., Lindeberg S., Watkins B.A., O’Keefe J.H., Brand-Miller J. (2005). Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81(2): 341-354
  17. Coussens L.M., Werb Z. (2002). Inflammation and cancer. Nature, 420(6917): 860-867. DOI: 10.1038/nature01322DanaeiG.,VanderHoornS.,LopezA.D.,MurrayC.J.,EzzatiM.(2005).Causesofcancerintheworld:comparativeriskassessmentofninebehaviouralandenvironmentalriskfactors.TheLancet,366(9499):1784-1793.DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67725-
  18. Davis D. (2007). The secret history of the war on cancer. New York: Basic Books
  19. Demark-Wahnefried W., Jones L.W. (2008). Promoting a healthy lifestyle among cancer survivors. Hematology/oncology clinics of North America, 22(2): 319-342. DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2008.01.01
  20. Doll R., Peto R. (1981). The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 66.6: 1192-1308. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/66.6.119
  21. El Ghissassi F., Baan R., Straif K., Grosse Y., Secretan B., Bouvard V., Benbrahim-Tallaa L., Guha N., Freeman C., Galichet L., Cogliano V. (2009). A review of human carcinogens – part D: radiation. The Lancet Oncology, 10(8): 751-752. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70213-
  22. Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Ervik M., Dikshit R., Eser S., Mathers C., Rebelo M., Parkin D.M., Forman D., Bray, F. (2013). GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11. Lyon, France: IARC. Testo disponibile al sito: http://globocan.iarc.fr, consultato il 20/05/2014
  23. Francisci S., Guzzinati S., Angiolini C., Buzzoni C., Crocetti E., Miccinesi G., Ocello C., Paci E., Gigli A., Dal Maso L. (2013), La valutazione economica dei percorsi di cura dei pazienti oncologici nelle aree coperte dai registri tumori. Testo disponibile al sito: www.registri-tumori.it/cms/it/node/2592, consultato il 17/09/2014
  24. Frank J., Jepson R. (2013). High-Risk Versus Population Prevention Strategies for NCDs: Geoffrey Rose Revisited in the Twenty-First Century. Global Handbook on Noncommunicable Diseases and Health Promotion (pp. 3-19). New York: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7594-1_
  25. Friedenreich C.M., Neilson H.K., Lynch B.M. (2010). State of the epidemiological evidence on physical activity and cancer prevention. European Journal of Cancer, 46(14): 2593-2604. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.02
  26. Futreal P.A., Coin L., Marshall M., Down T., Hubbard T., Wooster R., Rahman N., Stratton M.R. (2004). A census of human cancer genes. Nature Reviews Cancer, 4(3): 177-183. DOI: 10.1038/nrc129
  27. Gonzalez C.A., Riboli E. (2010). Diet and cancer prevention: Contributions from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. European Journal of Cancer, 46(14): 2555-2562. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.02
  28. Grothey A., Voigt W., Schöber C., Müller T., Dempke W., Schmoll H.J. (1999). The role of insulin-like growth factor I and its receptor in cell growth, transformation, apoptosis, and chemoresistance in solid tumors. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 125(3-4): 166-173.
  29. 10.1007/s004320050259 Han K.H., Jo S. (2012). Does Culture Matter?: A Cross-National Investigation of Women’s Responses to Cancer Prevention Campaigns. Health Care for Women International, 33(1): 75-94. DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2011.63011
  30. Hoeijmakers J.H. (2009). DNA damage, aging, and cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 361(15): 1475-1485. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra080461
  31. Horlick-Jones T. (2011). Understanding fear of cancer recurrence in terms of damage to ‘everyday health competence’. Sociology of Health & Illness, 33(6): 884-898. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2010.01325.
  32. Horrocks C., Johnson S. (2014). A socially situated approach to inform ways to improve health and wellbeing. Sociology of Health & Illness, 36(2): 175-186. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.1211
  33. International Agency for Research on Cancer, (2004). Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. Lyon: WHO – IARC, 83, 1 International Agency for Research on Cancer, (2012). Review of Human Carcinogens: Chemical Agents and Related Occupations. Lyon: WHO – IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer, (2013). GLOBOCAN 2012.
  34. Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012. Lyon: WHO – IARC. Testo disponibile al sito: http://globocan.iarc.fr, consultato il 20/05/2014
  35. Irigaray P., Newby J.A., Lacomme S., Belpomme D. (2007). Overweight/obesity and cancer genesis: more than a biological link. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 61(10): 665-678. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.10.00
  36. ISTAT (2014). Noi Italia. 100 statistiche per capire il paese in cui viviamo. Roma: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica
  37. Jasperson K.W., Tuohy T.M., Neklason D.W., Burt R.W. (2010). Hereditary and familial colon cancer. Gastroenterology, 138(6): 2044-2058. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.05
  38. Kleinsmith L.J. (2006). Principles of cancer biology. San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin-Cummings
  39. Kontos E.Z., Viswanath K. (2011). Cancer-related direct-to-consumer advertising: a critical review. Nature Reviews Cancer, 11(2): 142-150. DOI: 10.1038/nrc299
  40. van Kruijsdijk R.C., van der Wall E., Visseren F.L. (2009). Obesity and cancer: the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 18(10): 2569-2578. DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-037
  41. Kushi L.H., Doyle C., McCullough M., Rock C.L., Demark-Wahnefried W., Bandera E.V., Gansler T. (2012). American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 62(1): 30-67. DOI: 10.3322/caac.2014
  42. Luengo-Fernandez R., Leal J., Gray A., Sullivan R. (2013). Economic burden of cancer across the European Union: a population-based cost analysis. The Lancet Oncology, 14(12): 1165-1174. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70442-
  43. Lunati F., Pantini D., a cura di (2013). La filiera del tabacco in Italia. Impatto socioeconomico e aspetti di politica fiscale. XVI Rapporto 2012, Roma: Nomisma
  44. Mallath M.K., Taylor D.G., Badwe R.A., Rath G.K., Shanta V., Pramesh C.S., Sullivan R. (2014). The growing burden of cancer in India: epidemiology and social context. The Lancet Oncology, 15(6): e205-e212. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70115-9
  45. McGrath K.G. (2003). An earlier age of breast cancer diagnosis related to more frequent use of antiperspirants/deodorants and underarm shaving. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 12(6): 479-485. DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200312000-0000
  46. McTiernan A. (2008). Mechanisms linking physical activity with cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer, 8(3): 205-211. DOI: 10.1038/nrc232
  47. Minguzzi M., Altini M., Corradori T. (2012). La Rete delle Farmacie Oncologiche nell’Area Vasta Romagna: il caso dell’Ausl di Ravenna e dell’Irst per il mantenimento della continuità del servizio. Salute e Società, 1: 204-220. DOI: 10.3280/SES2012-00101
  48. Moodie R., Stuckler D., Monteiro C., Sheron N., Neal B., Thamarangsi T., Lincoln P., Casswell S. (2013). Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries. The Lancet, 381(9867): 670-679. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62089-
  49. Mukherjee S. (2011). The emperor of all maladies: a biography of cancer. New York: Simon and Schuster
  50. Nestle M. (2013). Food politics: How the food industry influences nutrition and health. Berkeley: University of California Press
  51. Parkin D.M., Boyd L., Walker L.C. (2011). 16. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010. British Journal of Cancer, 105: S77-S81. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.48
  52. Perz J.F., Armstrong G.L., Farrington L.A., Hutin Y.J., Bell B.P. (2006). The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide. Journal of Hepatology, 45(4): 529-538. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.05.01
  53. Phelan J.C., Link B.G., Tehranifar P. (2010). Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities theory, evidence, and policy implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1 suppl): S28-S40. DOI: 10.1177/002214651038349
  54. Pischon T., Nöthlings U., Boeing H. (2008). Obesity and cancer. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 67(02): 128-145. DOI: 10.1017/S002966510800697
  55. Raaschou-Nielsen O., Andersen Z.J., Beelen R., Samoli E., Stafoggia M., Weinmayr G., Cesaroni G. (2013). Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). The Lancet Oncology, 14(9): 813-822. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-
  56. Rama D., a cura di (2013). Il mercato della carne bovina. Rapporto 2013. Milano: FrancoAngeli
  57. Sabatino S.A., Lawrence B., Elder R., Mercer S.L., Wilson K.M., DeVinney B., Glanz K. (2012). Effectiveness of interventions to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers: nine updated systematic reviews for the guide to community preventive services. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43(1): 97-118. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.04.00
  58. Sasco A.J. (1989). Migrations et cancers. La Revue de Médecine Interne, 10(4): 341-348. DOI: 10.1016/S0248-8663(89)80033-
  59. Schmidt C.W. (2012). UV radiation and skin cancer: the science behind age restrictions for tanning beds. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(8): a308. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.120-a30
  60. Shah D.J., Sachs R.K., Wilson D.J. (2014). Radiation-induced cancer: a modern view. The British Journal of Radiology, 85(120). DOI: 10.1259/bjr/25026140StewartB.W.,KleihuesP.,acuradi(2003).Worldcancerreport(Vol.57).Lyon:IARCpres
  61. Steliarova-Foucher E., Stiller C., Kaatsch P., Berrino F., Coebergh J.W., Lacour B., Perkin M. (2004). Geographical patterns and time trends of cancer incidence and survival among children and adolescents in Europe since the 1970s (the ACCIS project): an epidemiological study. The Lancet, 364(9451): 2097-2105. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17550-
  62. Torelli S. (2013). Cancro e fragilità familiare. Un’indagine sull’identificazione delle fragilità familiari di fronte all’insorgenza del cancro. Roma: Fondazione Nazionale Gigi Ghirotti
  63. United Nations Development Program, (1990). Human Development Report 1990. New York-Oxford: Oxford University Press
  64. de Visser K.E., Eichten A., Coussens L.M. (2006). Paradoxical roles of the immune system during cancer development. Nature reviews cancer, 6(1): 24-37. DOI: 10.1038/nrc178
  65. Wakefield M.A., Loken B., Hornik R.C. (2010). Use of mass media campaigns to change health behavior. The Lancet, 376(9748): 1261-1271. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60809-
  66. Walboomers J.M., Jacobs M.V., Manos M.M., Bosch F.X., Kummer J.A., Shah K.V., Munoz N. (1999). Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. The Journal of pathology, 189(1): 12-19. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-
  67. World Health Organization, (2007). The World Health Organization Fight Against Cancer: Strategies That Prevent, Cure and Care. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO World Health Organization (2013a). Projections of mortality and causes of death, 2015 and 2030. Testo disponibile al sito: www.who.intWorld Health Organization (2013b). Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO
  68. Yancik R., Ries L.A. (2000). Aging and cancer in America: demographic and epidemiologic perspectives. Hematology/oncology clinics of North America, 14(1): 17-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0889-8588(05)70275-
  69. Zampetti G., Minutolo A. (2013). Malaria di città 2013. L’inquinamento atmosferico e acustico nelle città italiane. Roma: Legambiente. Testo disponibile al sito: www.legambiente.it, consultato il 6/11/2014
  70. Zucchermaglio C., Alby F., Baruzzo M. (2013). Repertori culturali nelle narrazioni di malate oncologiche. Salute e Società, 1: 33-43. DOI: 10.3280/SES2013-00100

Claudio Torrigiani, 4 febbraio: una giornata di lotta per 365 giorni di rischio. I numeri del cancro in "SALUTE E SOCIETÀ" 2/2015, pp 19-36, DOI: 10.3280/SES2015-002003