Effetti biomolecolari del maltrattamento infantile: il ruolo dell’epigenetica e dell’infiammazione

Titolo Rivista MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA
Autori/Curatori Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto, Elisabetta Maffioletti
Anno di pubblicazione 2015 Fascicolo 2015/3
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 20 P. 35-54 Dimensione file 148 KB
DOI 10.3280/MAL2015-003003
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Il maltrattamento durante l’infanzia (MI) è spesso associato a un aumento della vulnerabilità a diverse patologie mentali e fisiche, dal momento che avviene in una fase critica per lo sviluppo del cervello e dell’intero organismo, caratterizzato da una grande plasticità e sensibilità agli stimoli ambientali. Negli ultimi anni, la ricerca biologica si è rivolta sempre di più allo studio delle alterazioni molecolari legate agli effetti del maltrattamento e degli eventi traumatici nel bambino, svelando il ruolo determinante giocato dalle modificazioni di tipo epigenetico, come la metilazione del DNA, in grado di riprogrammare numerosi geni determinanti per i meccanismi di risposta e resilienza allo stress e per la funzionalità dei sistemi neurotrasmettitoriali. Inoltre è stato dimostrato un coinvolgimento negli effetti deleteri del MI anche di alcuni importanti regolatori dell’espressione genica come i microRNA, insieme all’importanza dei processi infiammatori. Il chiarimento di questi meccanismi è fondamentale per la comprensione delle alterazioni a lungo termine causate dal MI e per lo sviluppo di interventi innovativi rivolti sia alla prevenzione che alla cura.

Parole chiave:Maltrattamento infantile, epigenetica, microRNA, infiammazione.

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Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto, Elisabetta Maffioletti, Effetti biomolecolari del maltrattamento infantile: il ruolo dell’epigenetica e dell’infiammazione in "MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA" 3/2015, pp 35-54, DOI: 10.3280/MAL2015-003003