The Crisis of Free Movement in the European Union

Titolo Rivista MONDI MIGRANTI
Autori/Curatori Nathan Lillie, Anna Simola
Anno di pubblicazione 2017 Fascicolo 2016/3
Lingua Inglese Numero pagine 14 P. 7-19 Dimensione file 198 KB
DOI 10.3280/MM2016-003001
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This article makes the case that the institutional construction of the EU integration process has furthered the cause of free movement, but is producing a backlash against the free mobility of persons because of its mechanistic dynamics. The backlash against free movement is manifesting in constraints on the social rights of mobile EU citizens, producing precarity. Because the EU has large numbers of people moving all the time, limiting their citizenship access means creating a vast underclass. People are able to move from place to place to work, but have different access to social rights depending on the value of their labour on the market, and on their relationship to the territory they are in. Their lack of rights makes them more desperate, so they accept less, which in turn worsens the labour market conditions for all workers. Greater limits on social citizenship rights, worsens the problem it intends to solve because it recommodifies the labour of those caught outside the charmed circle of social citizenship.

L’articolo argomenta che la costruzione istituzionale del processo di integrazione dell’Unione europea ha promosso la libera circolazione, producendo però un effetto boomerang a causa delle dinamiche meccanicistiche che la caratterizzano. La reazione contro la libertà di movimento si manifesta nella riduzione dei diritti sociali riconosciuti ai cittadini , che a sua volta produce un incremento della precarietà dei migranti interni. Considerato l’elevato numero di cittadini UE mobili, limitare il loro accesso alla cittadinanza significa creare una vasta sottoclasse, poiché gli individui possono muoversi da un posto all’altro per lavorare, ma hanno un accesso differenziato ai diritti sociali in base al valore della loro forza lavoro nel mercato e alla loro relazione con il territorio in cui si trovano. La mancanza di diritti li rende più vulnerabili e disponibili ad accettare paghe più basse, producendo un inasprimento delle condizioni di lavoro per tutti i lavoratori. Di conseguenza, l’introduzione di limiti ai diritti sociali di cittadinanza, peggiora ulteriormente il problema che vorrebbe risolvere, poiché genera un processo di ri-mercificazione del lavoro di chi è escluso dall’affascinante sfera della cittadinanza sociale.

Keywords:Libertà di movimento, integrazione europea, migrazioni lavorative, diritti sociali europei, cittadinanza sociale, cittadinanza dell’Unione Europea

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Nathan Lillie, Anna Simola, The Crisis of Free Movement in the European Union in "MONDI MIGRANTI" 3/2016, pp 7-19, DOI: 10.3280/MM2016-003001