The Role of Citizens in the Municipalities’ Risk Management Process: An Overview in Italy

Titolo Rivista MANAGEMENT CONTROL
Autori/Curatori Monia Castellini, Vincenzo Riso
Anno di pubblicazione 2023 Fascicolo 2023/1
Lingua Inglese Numero pagine 21 P. 143-163 Dimensione file 250 KB
DOI 10.3280/MACO2023-001007
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

Risk Management (RM) themes have a central role in private and public admin-istration, improving its performance and resilience, as affirmed by many authors in recent years. The involvement of citizens in public processes derives from the New Public Governance influences, and the evolved consideration from citizen, to partner and customer. However, few authors have investigated whether and how citizen participation is involved in the RM process. This paper aims to cover the gap on the citizens’ role in the RM process of public administration organizations, with a focus on corruption risk. In particular, the analysis focused on Italian mu-nicipalities and was conducted on a sample of 110 provincial capitals. Though the analysis of the Italian legislation, we discuss whether access requests (ARs) are a useful tool for citizens through which to exercise their control activity, thus partici-pating in the RM process of the municipality.

Keywords:Citizen, Risk management, Public Administration, Accountability, Participation

  1. Fox J. (2007). The uncertain relationship between transparency and accountability, Develop-ment in Practice, 17(4-5), pp. 663-671. DOI: 10.1080/09614520701469955
  2. AbouAssi K., Nabatchi T. (2019). A snapshot of FOIA administration: Examining recent trends to inform future research, The American Review of Public Administration, 49(1), pp. 21-35. DOI: 10.1177/0275074018771683.
  3. Anessi-Pessina E., Steccolini I. (2005). Evolutions and Limits of New Public Management-Inspired Budgeting Practices in Italian Local Governments, Public Budgeting and Fi-nance, Public Budgeting and Finance, 25(2), pp. 1-14.
  4. Anselmi L. (2005) (a cura di). Principi e metodologie economico aziendali per gli enti locali, l’azienda Comune, Giuffrè, Milano.
  5. Barber B. (2003). Strong democracy: Participatory politics for a new age. California, Univer-sity of California Press.
  6. Barbera C., Guarini E., Steccolini I. (2020). How do governments cope with austerity? The roles of accounting in shaping governmental financial resilience, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 33(3), pp. 529-558. DOI: 10.1108/AAAJ-11-2018-3739/FULL/XML
  7. Barrett P. (2019). Managing risk for better performance – not taking a risk can actually be a risk, Public Money & Management, 42(6), pp. 408-413. DOI: 10.1080/09540962.2019.1654321
  8. Bartocci L., Grossi G., Mauro S.G. (2019). Towards a hybrid logic of participatory budget-ing, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 32(1), pp. 65-79. DOI: 10.1108/IJPSM-06-2017-0169
  9. Biondi L., Lapsley I. (2014). Accounting, transparency and governance: the heritage assets problem, Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management. DOI: 10.1108/QRAM-04-2014-0035
  10. Bisio L. (2017). Transparency in Public Administrations: The Italian FOIA Case. Symphonya, Emerging Issues in Management, (2), pp. 7-18.
  11. Bosch N., Espasa M., Mora T. (2012). Citizen Control and the Efficiency of Local Public Services, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 30(2), pp. 248-266.
  12. Bracci E. (2017). Accountability e trasparenza nella PA: tra retorica e realtà, Azienda Pubblica, (4), pp. 333-348
  13. Bracci E., Tallaki M., Gobbo G., Papi L. (2021). Risk management in the public sector: a structured literature review, International Journal of Public Sector Management. DOI: 10.1108/IJPSM-02-2020-0049
  14. Capaldo G., Costantino N., Pellegrino R., Rippa P. (2018). The role of risk in improving goal setting in performance management practices within public sector: an explorative research in courts offices in Italy, International Journal of Public Administration, 41(12), pp. 986-997. DOI: 10.1080/01900692.2017.1317799
  15. Chapman R.J. (2001). The controlling influences on effective risk identification and assess-ment for construction design management, International Journal of Project Management, 19(3), pp. 147-160.
  16. Ceschel F., Hinna A., Rotundi F. (2019). Risk management e anticorruzione nelle organizza-zioni pubbliche: analisi comparativa delle prassi internazionali, Azienda Pubblica, (2), pp. 123-145.
  17. Creamer E.G., Ghoston M. (2013). Using a Mixed Methods Content Analysis to Analyze Mission Statements From Colleges of Engineering, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 7(2), 110-120. DOI: 10.1177/1558689812458976
  18. De Lancer Julnes P., Villoria M. (2014). Understanding and addressing citizens’ perceptions of corruption: the case of Spain, International Review of Public Administration, 19(1), pp. 23-43. DOI: 10.1080/12294659.2014.887295
  19. Dixit A. (2018). Anti-corruption Institutions: Some History and Theory, in Institutions, Gov-ernance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 15-49), Springer International Publishing. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_2
  20. D’onza G., Brotini F., Zarone V. (2017). Disclosure on Measures to Prevent Corruption Risks: A Study of Italian Local Governments, International Journal of Public Administration, 40(7), pp. 612-624. DOI: 10.1080/01900692.2016.1143000
  21. Eckerd A. (2014). Risk Management and Risk Avoidance in Agency Decision Making, Pub-lic Administration Review, 74(5), pp. 616-629.
  22. Fadda I., Paglietti P. (2016). La lotta alla corruzione: più controlli interni e meno adempimenti, Azienda Pubblica, (1), pp. 77-92.
  23. Fadda I., Paglietti P., Reginato E., Pavan, A. (2016). Transparency and corruption. Evidences from the case of the Italian regions, in 2016 Cambridge Business & Economics Confer-ence.
  24. Fadda I., Paglietti P., Reginato E., Pavan A. (2018). Analysing corruption: Effects on the transparency of public administrations, Outcome-based performance management in the public sector, pp. 251-267, Springer, Cham.
  25. Fiondella C., Ferri L., Maffei M., Spanò R. (2019). The disclosure in the Anti-Corruption Plans. Formal vs substantive attempts in the Italian Regional Governments, Management Control, 3, pp. 147-164. DOI: 10.3280/MACO2019-003008
  26. Forrest S.A., Trell E.M., Woltjer J. (2020). Emerging citizen contributions, roles and interac-tions with public authorities in Dutch pluvial flood risk management, International journal of water resources development, 37(1), pp. 1-23. DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2019.1701999
  27. Frederickson H. G. (1991). Toward a Theory of the Public for Public Administration, Admin-istration & Society, 22(4), pp. 395-417. DOI: 10.1177/009539979102200401
  28. Galetta D.U. (2016). The Italian Freedom of Information Act 2016: Why Transparency-on-Request Is a Better Solution, Italian J. Pub. L., 8, 268.
  29. Gesuele B., Metallo C., Agrifoglio R. (2016). What Do Local Governments Discuss in Social Media? An Empirical Analysis of the Italian Municipalities, Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation, 19, pp. 297-306. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-38974-5_23
  30. Gnaldi M., Sarto S. del. (2019). Corruption Prevention: First Evidences from the 2015 RPC Survey for Italian Municipalities, pp. 81-95. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-06022-0_6
  31. Greiling D., Spraul K. (2010). Accountability and the Challenges of Information Disclosure, Public Administration Quarterly, 34(3), pp. 338-377.
  32. Halachmi A., Greiling D. (2013). Transparency, E-government, and accountability: Some is-sues and considerations, Public Performance and Management Review, 36(4), pp. 562-584. DOI: 10.2753/PMR1530-9576360404
  33. Haustein E., Lorson P.C. (2021). Co-creation and co-production in municipal risk govern-ance – A case study of citizen participation in a German city, Public Management Review, 1-28. DOI: 10.1080/14719037.2021.1972704.
  34. Hiebl M.R.W. (2022). Guest editorial, Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 18(1), pp. 1-11. DOI: 10.1108/JAOC-02-2022-212
  35. Hinna A., Scarozza D., Rotundi F. (2018). Implementing risk management in the Italian public sector: Hybridization between old and new practices, International Journal of Public Administration, 41(2), pp. 110-128. DOI: 10.1080/01900692.2017.1317799.
  36. Hinna A., Ceschel F. (2021). Public Management Reform in Italy, Organizational Develop-ment in Public Administration, pp. 105-137. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43799-2_4
  37. ISTAT (2022). Codici statistici delle unità amministrative territoriali: comuni, città metropoli-tane, province e regioni. Retrieved January 18, 2022, -- from https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/6789.
  38. ISTAT (2017). Territorio. Retrieved January 22, 2022, -- from https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/territorio.
  39. Jensen M.C., Meckling W.H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure, Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), pp. 305-360. DOI: 10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
  40. Johnston J.M., Romzek B.S. (1999). Contracting and Accountability in State Medicaid Re-form: Rhetoric, Theories, and Reality. Public Administration Review, 59(5), pp. 383-399. DOI: 10.2307/977422
  41. Kim S., Lee J. (2019). Citizen Participation, Process, and Transparency in Local Government: An Exploratory Study, Policy Studies Journal, 47(4), pp. 1026-1047.
  42. Knapp M.S., Feldman S.B. (2012). Managing the intersection of internal and external ac-countability, Journal of Educational Administration, 50(5), pp. 666-694. DOI: 10.1108/09578231211249862
  43. Lynn L.E. (2010). What endures? Public governance and the cycle of reform. In The New Public Governance? (pp. 121-140). Routledge.
  44. Leuenberger D.Z., Wakin M. (2014). Sustainable Development, Public Administration Planning: An Exploration of Social Justice, Equity, and Citizen Inclusion. DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2007.11029601
  45. Lucchese M., Sannino G., Polcini T.C. (2020). Il risk management approach nelle Università italiane: prime riflessioni su vincoli e opportunità, Management Control, 1, pp. 111-136. DOI: 10.3280/MACO2020-001006
  46. Lunardelli M. (2017). The Reform of Legislative Decree No. 33/2013 in Italy: A Double Track for Transparency, Italian Journal of Public Law, 9.
  47. Lyrio M.V.L., Lunkes R.J., Taliani E.T.C. (2018). Thirty Years of Studies on Transparency, Accountability, and Corruption, The Public Sector: The State of the Art and Opportuni-ties for Future Research, 20(5), pp. 512-533. DOI: 10.1080/10999922.2017.1416537
  48. Manes Rossi F., Ferri L., Zampella A., Caldarelli A. (2021). La disclosure nei piani anticorru-zione degli enti locali in Italia, Management Control, 3, pp. 153-174. DOI: 10.3280/MACO2021-003008.
  49. Marchi L. (2019). Governo delle aziende e creazione di valore: da una prospettiva finanziaria ad una prospettiva economico-sociale, Management Control, 1, pp. 5-16. DOI: 10.3280/MACO2019-001001
  50. McShane M. (2018). Enterprise risk management: history and a design science proposal, Journal of Risk Finance, 19(2), pp. 137-153. DOI: 10.1108/JRF-03-2017-0048/FULL/XML
  51. Monfardini P. (2010). Accountability in the new public sector: A comparative case study, In-ternational Journal of Public Sector Management, 23(7), pp. 632-646. DOI: 10.1108/09513551011078897/FULL/XML
  52. Mussari R., Ruggiero P. (2010). Public managers' performance evaluation systems and public value creation: behavioral and economic aspects, International Journal of Public Admin-istration, 33(11), pp. 541-548. DOI: 10.1080/01900692.2010.507115.
  53. Mussari R., Steccolini I. (2006). Using the internet for communicating performance infor-mation, Public Money and Management, 26(3), pp. 193-196.
  54. Nasi G., Frosini F., Cristofoli D. (2011). Online Service Provision: Are Municipalities Really Innovative? The Case Of Larger Municipalities In Italy, Public Administration, 89(3), 821-839.
  55. Neumann M., Linder F., Desmarais B. (2021). Government websites as data: a methodological pipeline with application to the websites of municipalities in the United States, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, pp. 1-12. DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2021.1999880
  56. Nilsen A.S., Olsen O.E. (2005). Different Strategies – Equal Practice? Risk Assessment and Management in Municipalities. Risk Management, 7(2), pp. 37-47. DOI: 10.1057/PALGRAVE.RM.8240211
  57. Nugnes F. (2019). Transparency as a tool against corruption? The case of Italy, Rivista trime-strale di Scienza dell’Amministrazione, (2), pp. 1-25.
  58. Osborne S.P., Radnor, Z., Nasi G. (2013). A New Theory for Public Service Management? Toward a (Public) Service-Dominant Approach, The American Review of Public Administration, 43(2), pp. 135-158. DOI: 10.1177/0275074012466935
  59. Padovani E., Yetano A., Orelli R.L. (2010). Municipal performance measurement and management in practice: which factors matter?, Public Administration Quarterly, pp. 591-635.
  60. Palermo T. (2014). Accountability and expertise in public sector risk management: a case study, Financial Accountability & Management, 30(3), pp. 322-341.
  61. Papadopoulos Y. (2010). Accountability and multi-level governance: more accountability, less democracy?, Accountability and European Governance (pp. 112-131). Routledge.
  62. Pavan A. (2019). Controllo interno e di gestione nella prospettiva del valore, Management Control, 1, pp. 5-12. DOI: 10.3280/MACO2019-SU1001
  63. Thomas J.C. (2013). Citizen, Customer, Partner: Rethinking the Place of the Public in Public Management, Public Administration Review, 73(6), pp. 786-796.
  64. Peta A. (2016), I Controlli Interni Della Pubblica Amministrazione: Criticità E Prospettive Evolutive (Internal Controls in the Public Administration: Current Problems and Future Challenges). SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2765401
  65. Poole S.M. (2011). The Relationship Between External Accountability Policy and Internal Accountability: A Cross-State Analysis of Charter and Traditional Public Schools, Jour-nal of School Choice, 5(3), pp. 261-280. DOI: 10.1080/15582159.2011.604225
  66. Power M. (2009). The risk management of nothing, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 34(6-7), pp. 849-855. DOI: 10.1016/J.AOS.2009.06.001
  67. Rana T., Wickramasinghe D., Bracci E. (2019). New development: Integrating risk management in management control systems – lessons for public sector managers, Public Money & Management, 39(2):148-151. DOI: 10.1080/09540962.2019.1580921
  68. Reginato E., Fadda I., Paglietti P., Pavan A. (2019). Corruzione e performance nei sistemi sanitari regionali italiani, Management Control, 3, pp. 123-146. DOI: 10.3280/MACO2019-003007
  69. Renn O. (1998). The role of risk perception for risk management. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 59(1), pp. 49-62. DOI: 10.1016/S0951-8320(97)00119-1
  70. Romzek B.S., Dubnick, M.J. (2018). Accountability in the public sector: Lessons from the Challenger tragedy, in Democracy, Bureaucracy, and the Study of Administration (pp. 182-204). Routledge.
  71. Rosener J.B. (1978). Citizen Participation: Can We Measure Its Effectiveness?. Public Ad-ministration Review, 38(5), 457. DOI: 10.2307/975505
  72. Schmidthuber L., Piller F., Bogers M., Hilgers D. (2019). Citizen participation in public administration: investigating open government for social innovation, R&D Management, 49(3), pp. 343-355. DOI: 10.1111/RADM.12365
  73. Schmidt V., Wood M. (2019). Conceptualizing throughput legitimacy: Procedural mecha-nisms of accountability, transparency, inclusiveness and openness in EU governance. Public Administration, 97(4), pp. 727-740.
  74. Spira L.F., Page M. (2003). Risk management: The reinvention of internal control and the changing role of internal audit, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 16(4), pp. 640-661. DOI: 10.1108/09513570310492335
  75. Stark A., Taylor M. (2014). Citizen participation, community resilience and crisis-management policy, Australian Journal of Political Science, 49(2), pp. 300-315. DOI: 10.1080/10361146.2014.899966
  76. Strange J.H. (1972). The Impact of Citizen Participation on Public Administration, Public Administration Review, 32, 457. DOI: 10.2307/975015
  77. Strokosch K., Osborne S. P. (2020). Debate: If citizen participation is so important, why has it not been achieved?. Public Money & Management, 40(1), pp. 8-10. DOI: 10.1080/09540962.2019.1654322
  78. Suebvises P. (2018). Social capital, citizen participation in public administration, and public sector performance in Thailand, World Development, 109, pp. 236-248. DOI: 10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2018.05.007
  79. Svärd P. (2018). Has the Freedom of Information Act enhanced transparency and the free flow of information in Liberia?. Information Development, 34(1), pp. 20-30. DOI: 10.1177/0266666916672717
  80. Tavares A. O., & Santos P. P. dos. (2014). Re-scaling risk governance using local appraisal and community involvement, Journal of Risk Research, 17(7), pp. 923-949. DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2013.822915
  81. Tchankova L. (2002). Risk identification – basic stage in risk management, Environmental Management and Health, 13(3), pp. 290-297. DOI: 10.1108/09566160210431088
  82. Tommasi M., Weinschelbaum F. (2007). Centralization vs. Decentralization: A Principal-Agent Analysis, Journal of Public Economic Theory, 9(2), pp. 369-389. DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-9779.2007.00311.X
  83. Ubaldi B. (2013). Open Government Data: Towards Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Initiatives, OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, No. 22, OECD Publishing, Paris,
  84. Vaubel R. (2006). Principal-agent problems in international organizations. The Review of In-ternational Organizations, 1(2), 125-138. DOI: 10.1007/S11558-006-8340-Z
  85. Vincelli D. P. (2020). Il diritto di accesso ai documenti amministrativi in Italia: società civile, politica e burocrazia (2016-2019). Le Carte e la Storia, Rivista di storia delle istituzioni, 2, pp. 143-158. DOI: 10.1411/99392
  86. Weichselgartner J., Kasperson R. (2010). Barriers in the science-policy-practice interface: Toward a knowledge-action-system in global environmental change research, Global En-vironmental Change, 20(2), pp. 266-277. DOI: 10.1016/J.GLOENVCHA.2009.11.006

Monia Castellini, Vincenzo Riso, The Role of Citizens in the Municipalities’ Risk Management Process: An Overview in Italy in "MANAGEMENT CONTROL" 1/2023, pp 143-163, DOI: 10.3280/MACO2023-001007