Partecipazione ad eventi negativi e positivi e resistenza alla suggestionabilità

Titolo Rivista MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA
Autori/Curatori Paola Di Blasio, Chiara Ionio
Anno di pubblicazione 2024 Fascicolo 2023/3 Suppl.
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 24 P. 63-86 Dimensione file 313 KB
DOI 10.3280/MAL2023-003-S1005
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

Alcuni studi sulla suggestionabilità interrogatoria hanno evidenziato che la capacità dei bam-bini di resistere all’induzione suggestiva è favorita dalla partecipazione attiva all’evento. La nostra ricerca si inserisce in questo filone di studi con l’obiettivo di verificare se il coinvolgi-mento attivo in un evento connotato emotivamente (in senso positivo o negativo) rispetto alla semplice osservazione consenta la resistenza alle domande suggestive. Il protocollo di ricerca ha visto i bambini sperimentare tre diverse situazioni come osservatori di un evento (neutro) o come protagonisti ad un evento connotato negativamente (Partecipato-Negativo) o positiva-mente (Partecipato-Positivo). Tali eventi sono stati oggetto di 27 domande (aperte, misleading e tag) poste a distanza di una settimana e di un mese Alle prime due fasi della ricerca hanno partecipato 124 bambini di età tra 7 e 10 anni (età media = 8.56), di cui 58 femmine e 66 ma-schi, e alla terza fase 71 bambini. I risultati hanno evidenziato differenze significative nella resistenza alla suggestionabilità in funzione del tipo di evento. In particolare a distanza di una settimana e di un mese, le domande relative all’evento Partecipato-Negativo hanno ricevuto un maggior numero di risposte corrette e il minor numero di risposte errate in connessione sia alle domande misleading sia a quelle tag.;

Keywords:suggestionabilità, partecipazione, connotazione emotiva, bambini età scolare.

  1. Goodman, G. S., & Reed, R. S. (1986). Age differences in eyewitness testimony. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 317-332.
  2. Ackil, J. K., & Zaragoza, M. S. (1995). Developmental differences in eyewitness suggestibility and memory for source. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 60(1), 57-83.
  3. Aldridge, M., & Wood, J. (1998). Interviewing children: A guide for child care and forensic practitioners. New York: Wiley.
  4. Alexander, K. W., Goodman, G. S., Schaaf, J. M., Edelstein, R. S., Quas, J. A., & Shaver, P. R. (2002). The role of attachment and cognitive inhibition in children’s memory and suggestibility for a stressful event. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 83, 262-290.
  5. Berliner, L., Hyman, I., Thomas, A., & Fitzgerald, M. (2003). Children’s memory for trauma and positive experiences. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(3), 229-236.
  6. Binet, A. (1900). La suggestibilitè. Paris: Schleicher Freres.
  7. Brady, M. S., Poole, D. A., Warren, A. R., & Jones, H. R. (1999). Young children’s responses to yes-no questions: Patterns and problems. Applied Developmental Science, 3(1), 47-57.
  8. Bright-Paul, A., Jarrold, C., & Wright, D. B. (2008). Theory-of-mind development influences suggestibility and source monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 1055-1068.
  9. Bruck, M., & Melnyk, L. (2004). Individual differences in children’s suggestibility: A review and synthesis. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18(8), 947-996.
  10. Bruck, M., & Ceci, S. J. (1999). The suggestibility of children’s memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 419-439.
  11. Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J. L. (1998). Mechanism of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory. Trends in Neurosciences, 21, 294-299.
  12. Casciano, M., Mazzoni, G., & De Leo, G. (2004). Falsi ricordi indotti da informazioni fuorvianti e da interviste ripetute sulla memoria di eventi non accaduti. Maltrattamento e abuso all’infanzia, 6(3), 39-60.
  13. Cassel, W. S., Roebers, C. E. M., & Bjorklund, D. F. (1996). Developmental patterns of eyewitness responses to repeated and increasingly suggestive questions. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 61(2), 116-133.
  14. Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (1993). The suggestibility of the child witness: A historical review and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 403-439.
  15. Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (1995). Jeopardy in the courtroom: A scientific analysis of children’s testimony. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  16. Ceci, S. J., Ross, D. F., & Toglia, M. P. (1987). Suggestibility of children’s memory: Psycholegal implications. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116, 38-49.
  17. Ceci, S. J., Kulkofsky, S., Klemfuss, J. Z., Sweeney, C. D., & Bruck, M. (2007). Unwarranted assumptions about children’s testimonial accuracy. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 311-328.
  18. Ehlers, A., Mayou, R. A., & Bryant, B. (2003). Cognitive predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder in children: results of a prospective longitudinal study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(1), 1-10.
  19. Fivush, R., Hazzard, A., Sales, J. M., Sarfati, D., & Brown, T. (2003). Creating coherence out of chaos? Children’s narratives of emotionally negative and positive events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 1-19.
  20. Gobbo, C., & Raccanello, D. (2007). How Children Narrate Happy and Sad Events: does Affective State Count? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19, 1-18.
  21. Gobbo, C., Mega, C., & Pipe, M. E. (2002). Does the nature of the experience influence suggestibility? A study of children’s event memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 81, 502-530.
  22. Goodman, G. (1984). The child witness: Conclusions and future directions. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 157-175.
  23. Goodman, G. S., Hirschman, J. E., Hepps, D., & Rudy, L. (1991). Children’s memory for stressful events. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 37, 109-158.
  24. King, M., & Yuille, J. (1987). Suggestibility and the child witness. In S. J. Ceci, M. Toglia & D. Ross (eds). Children’s eyewitness memory. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  25. Koriat, A., Goldsmith, M., Schneider, W., & Nakash-Dura, M. (2001). The credibility of children’s testimony: Can children control the accuracy of their memory reports? Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 79, 405-437.
  26. Krackow, E., & Lynn, S. J. (2003). Is there touch in the game of Twister? The effects of innocuous touch and suggestive questions on children’s eyewitness memory. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 589-604.
  27. Kulkofsky, S., & Klemfuss, J. Z. (2008). What the stories children tell can tell about their memory: Narrative skill and young children’s suggestibility. Developmental Psychology, 44(5), 1442-1456.
  28. Lamb, M. E., & Fauchier, A. (2001). The effects of question type on self-contradictions by children in the course of forensic interviews, Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15(5), 483-491.
  29. Lamb, M. E., Orbach, Y., Hershkowitz, I., Horowitz, D. & Abbott, C. B. (2007). Does the type of prompt affect the accuracy of information provided by alleged victims of abuse in forensic interviews? Applied Cognitive Psychology Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 1117-1130.
  30. Leichtman, M. D., & Ceci, S. J. (1995). The effects of stereotypes and suggestions on preschoolers’ reports. Developmental Psychology, 31, 568-578.
  31. Loftus, E. F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560-572.
  32. Mazzoni, G. (2000). La testimonianza nei casi di abuso sessuale sui minori: la memoria, l’intervista e la validità della deposizione. Milano: Giuffrè.
  33. Mazzoni, G. (2003). Si può credere a un testimone?La testimonianza e le trappole della memoria. Bologna: il Mulino.
  34. McCloskey, M., & Zaragoza, M. (1985). Misleading postevent information and memory for events: Arguments and evidence against memory impairment hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 1-16.
  35. Merritt, K. A., Ornstein, P. A., & Spicker, B. (1994). Children’s memory for a salient medical procedure: Implications for testimony. Pediatrics, 94, 17-23.
  36. Miragoli, S., & Stagni Brenca, E. (2009). Testimonianza e suggestionabilità in età prescolare: recenti sviluppi di ricerca. Età Evolutiva, 94, 118-128.
  37. Murachver, T., Pipe, M. E., Gordon, R., Owens, J. L., & Fivush, R. (1996). Do, show, and tell: Children’s event memories acquired through direct experience, observation, and stories. Child Development, 67, 3029-3044.
  38. Peterson, C. (1999). Children’s memories for medical emergencies: 2 years later. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1493-1506.
  39. Peterson, C., & Bell, M. (1996). Children’s memory for traumatic injury. Child Development, 67, 3045-3070.
  40. Peterson, C., & Biggs, M. (1998). Stitches and casts: Emotionally and narrative coherence. Narrative Inquiry, 8(1), 51-76.
  41. Peterson, C., & Whalen, N. (2001). Five years later: Children’s memories for medical emergencies. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 1-18.
  42. Pezdek, K., & Roe, C. (1995). The effect of memory trace strength on suggestibility. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 60, 116-128.
  43. Pezdek, K., & Taylor, J. (2001). Memories of traumatic events. In M. Eisen, G. S. Goodman & J. S. Quas (Eds.), Memory and suggestibility in the forensic interview. (pp. 165-184) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  44. Pipe, M. E., Goodman, G. S., Quas, J. A., Bidrose, S., Ablin, D., & Craw, S. (1997). Remembering early experiences during childhood: Are traumatic events special? In D. Read & S. Lindsay (Eds.), Recollections of trauma: Scientific research and clinical practice (pp. 417-423). NY: Plenum.
  45. Pipe, M. E., & Salmon, K. (2002). What children bring to the interview context: Individual differences in children events reported. In M. Eisen, J. A. Quas & G. S. Goodman (Eds.), Memory and suggestibility in the forensic interview (pp. 235-263). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  46. Poole, D. A., & Lindsay, D. S. (1995). Interviewing preschoolers: Effects of nonsuggestive techniques, parental coaching, and leading questions on reports of nonexperienced events. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 79, 405-437.
  47. Poole, D. A., & Lamb, M. E. (1998). Investigative interviews of children: A guide for helping professionals. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  48. Powell, M. B., & Roberts, K. P. (2002). The effect of repeated experience on children’s suggestibility across two question types. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 367-386.
  49. Quas, J. A, & Schaaf, J. M. (2002). Children’s memories of experienced and nonexperienced events following repeated interviews. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 83, 304-338.
  50. Quas, J. A., Goodman, G. S., Bidrose, S., Pipe, M. E., Craw, S., & Ablin, D. S. (1999). Emotion and memory: children’s long-tem remembering, forgetting, and suggestibility. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 72, 235-270.
  51. Redlich, A. D., & Goodman, G. S. (2003). Taking responsibility for an act not committed: The influence of age and suggestibility. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 141-156.
  52. Reisberg, D., & Hertel, P. (2004). Memory and emotion. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  53. Roebers, C. M., & McConkey, K. M. (2003). Contextual reinstatement and the misinformation effect in children and adults. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, 477-497.
  54. Roebers, C. M., & Schneider, W. (2000). The impact of misleading questions on eyewitness memory in children and adults. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, 509-526.
  55. Roebers, C. M., Gelhaar, T., & Schneider, W. (2004). It’s magic! The effects of presentation modality on children’s event memory, suggestibility, and confidence judgments. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 87, 320-335.
  56. Rudy, L., & Goodman, G. S. (1991). Effects of participation on children’s reports: Implications for children’s testimony. Developmental Psychology, 27, 527-538.
  57. Sales, J., Fivush, R., Parker, J., & Bahrick, L. (2005). Stressing memory: Long-term relations among children’s stress, recall and psychological outcome following hurricane Andrew. Journal of Cognition and Development, 6(4), 529-545.
  58. Schaaf, J. M., Alexander, K. W., & Goodman, G. S. (2008). Children’s false memory and true disclosure in the face of repeated questions. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 100, 157-185.
  59. Schreiber, N., & Parker, J. F. (2004). Inviting witnesses to speculate: Effects of age and interaction on children’s recall. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 89(1), 31-52.
  60. Stern , W. (1910). Abstracts of lectures on the psychology of testimony and on the study of individuality. American Journal of Psychology, 21, 270-282.
  61. Sutherland, R., & Hayne, H. (2001). Age-related changes in the misinformation effect. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 79(4), 388-404.
  62. Sutherland, R., Pipe, M. E., Schick, K., Murray, J., & Gobbo, C. (2003). Knowing in advance: The impact of prior event information on memory and event knowledge. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 84(3), 244-263.
  63. Thierry, K. L., & Spence, M. J. (2004). Children’s memory and suggestibility for a real-life and video event. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18, 297-309.
  64. Tobey, A., & Goodman, G. S. (1992). Children’s eyewitness memory: Effects of participation and forensic context. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26, 779-796.
  65. Vandermass, M. O., Hess, T. M., & Baker-Ward, L. (1993). Does anxiety affect children’s reports of memory for a stressful event? Journal of Applied Psychology, 7, 109-128.
  66. Varendonck, J. (1911). Les temoignages d’enfants dans un proces retentissant. Archives de Psycholgie, 11, 129-171.

Paola Di Blasio, Chiara Ionio, Partecipazione ad eventi negativi e positivi e resistenza alla suggestionabilità in "MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA" 3 Suppl./2023, pp 63-86, DOI: 10.3280/MAL2023-003-S1005