AUTO-IPNOSI. Alla ricerca della risorsa interiore

Titolo Rivista IPNOSI
Autori/Curatori Giuseppe De Benedittis
Anno di pubblicazione 2022 Fascicolo 2022/1
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 16 P. 5-20 Dimensione file 194 KB
DOI 10.3280/IPN2022-001001
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

L’auto-ipnosi è una generalizzazione dell’etero-ipnosi, di cui rappresenta la necessaria integrazione. Benché largamente applicata in ambito clinico, poco si sa della sua fenomenologia, della relazione con l’etero-ipnosi e la mindfulness, dei suoi meccanismi neurofisiologici e neuropsicologici, della sua efficacia clinica e del suo profilo di sicurezza. La letteratura in merito è sorprendentemente scarna e aneddotica. L’auto-ipnosi costituisce un’importante risorsa interiore auto-regolatoria e terapeutica, qualitativamente differente dall’etero-ipnosi, ma verosimilmente di non diversa efficacia clinica in numerosi ambiti di applicazione (e.g. controllo del dolore, dell’ansia, dei disturbi della condotta alimentare, ecc.). I correlati neurofisiologici e neuropsicologici dell’auto-ipnosi restano virtualmente sconosciuti per la mancanza di studi dedicati e di confronto con l’etero-ipnosi. Si discute ancora se l’esperienza auto-ipnotica possa essere autogena o indotta dalla suggestione etero-ipnotica, mentre sembra accertata una correlazione positiva tra ipnotizzabilità e profondità della trance auto-indotta. Anche il profilo di sicurezza rimane largamente impregiudicato, perché la stragrande maggioranza degli studi clinici omette la prevalenza e la tipologia di eventi avversi e/o effetti collaterali dipendenti dalla pratica ipnotica in generale. Assiomaticamente, si tende a considerare l’auto-ipnosi come una pratica altamente sicura e priva di effetti collaterali. In conclusione, all’importanza clinica dell’auto-ipnosi corrisponde paradossalmente una sostanziale mancanza di studi clinico-sperimentali. L’auto-ipnosi è dunque una Terra Incognita che aspetta urgentemente di essere esplorata.;

Keywords:Auto-ipnosi, etero-ipnosi, correlati neurofisiologici, mindfulness, tecnica ed efficacia clinica.

  1. Araoz D.L. (1981). Negative self-hypnosis. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 12: 45-52. DOI: 10.1007/BF00946233
  2. Barber T.X. (1985). Hypnosuggestive procedures as catalysts for psychotherapies. In: Lynn S.J., Garske J.P., Contemporary Psychotherapies: Models and Methods. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill.
  3. Bock B.C., Albrecht A.E., Traficante R.M., Clark M.M., Pinto B.M., Tilkemeier P., Marcus B.H. (1997). Predictors of exercise adherence following participation in a cardiac rehabilitation program. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1): 60-75.
  4. Braid J. (1850). Observations on Trance and Human Hibernation. London: Churchill.
  5. Braid J. (1843). Neurypnology; or, the rationale of nervous sleep, considered in relation with animal magnetism. Illustrated by numerous cases of its successful application in the relief and cure of disease / by James Braid: London: Churchill.
  6. Brown D., Forte M., Rich P., Epstein G. (1983). Phenomenological Differences among Self Hypnosis, Mindfulness Meditation, and Imaging. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 2(4): 291-309. DOI: 10.2190/JWC1-AXLY-6R0L-G2NK
  7. Burkle C.M., Jankowski C.J., Torsher L.C., Rho E.H., Degnim A.C. (2005). BIS monitor findings during self-hypnosis. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 19(6): 391-393.
  8. Che P.Y., Liu Y.M., Chen M.L. (2017). The Effect of Hypnosis on Anxiety in Patients with Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 14(3): 223-236.
  9. Coué E. (1922). Self Mastery Through Conscious Autosuggestion. New York: American Library Service.
  10. Crasilneck H.B., Hal, J.A. (1985). Clinical Hypnosis: Principles and Applications. New York: Grune & Stratton.
  11. De Benedittis G. (2008). È possibile misurare e monitorare la profondità della trance? Uno studio controllato con analisi bispettrale. In: De Bendedittis G., Del Castello E., Valerio C., a cura di, Dall’ipnosi ericksoniana alle neuroscienze. L’ipnosi tra scienza, cultura e tecnica terapeutica. Milano: Franco Angeli.
  12. De Benedittis G. (2012). The Hypnotic Brain: Linking Neuroscience to Psychotherapy. Contemporary Hypnosis and Integrative Therapy, 29(1): 103-115, 2012.
  13. De Benedittis G. (2015). Neural mechanisms of hypnosis and meditation. Journal of Physiology, Paris, 109(4-6): 152-164.
  14. De Benedittis G. (2021). Neural Mechanisms of Hypnosis and Meditation-Induced Analgesia: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 69 (3): 363-382. DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2021.1917294
  15. Downe S., Finlayson K., Melvin C., Spiby H., Ali, S., Diggle P., Gyte G., Hinder S., Miller V., Slade P., Trepel D., Weeks A., Whorwell P., Williamson M. (2015). Self-hypnosis for intrapartum pain management in pregnant nulliparous women: A randomised controlled trial of clinical effectiveness. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 122(9): 1226-1234. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13433
  16. Eason A.D., Parris B.A. (2019). Clinical applications of self-hypnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6(3): 262.278.
  17. Elkins G.R., Barabasz A.F., Council J.R., Spiegel D. (2015). Advancing research and practice: the revised APA Division 30 definition of hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 63(1): 1-9. DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2014.961870
  18. Elkins G.R., Lynae Roberts R., Simicich L. (2018). Mindful Self-Hypnosis for Self-Care: An Integrative Model and Illustrative Case Example. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 61(1): 45-56. DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2018.1456896
  19. Erickson M.H. (1955). Self-Exploration in the Hypnotic State. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 3: 49-57. DOI: 10.1080/00207145508410131
  20. Facco E. (2017). Meditation and Hypnosis: Two Sides of the Same Coin? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 65(2): 169-188. DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2017.1276361
  21. Facco E. (2022). Hypnosis and Hypnotic ability between old beliefs and new evidences: an epistemological reflection. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 64(1): 20-35. DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2020.1863181
  22. Fromm E., Kahn S. (1990). Self-hypnosis: The Chicago paradigm. New York: Guilford Press.
  23. Fromm E., Brown D.P., Hurt S.W., Oberlander J.Z., Boxer A.M., Pfeifer G. (1981). The phenomena and characteristics of self-hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 29(3): 189-246. DOI: 10.1080/00207148108409158
  24. Gravitz M.A. (1994). The first use of self-hypnosis: Mesmer mesmerizes Mesmer. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 37(1): 49-52. DOI: 10.1080/00029157.1994.10403109.
  25. Green J.P., Barabasz A.F., Barrett D., Montgomery G.H. (2005). Forging Ahead: The 2003 APA Division 30 Definition of Hypnosis, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 53(3): 259-264. DOI: 10.1080/00207140590961321
  26. Harmon T.M., Hynan M.T., Tyre T.E. (1990). Improved obstetric outcomes using hypnotic analgesia and skill mastery combined with childbirth education. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58(5): 525-530. DOI: 10.1037//0022-006X.58.5.525
  27. Hilgard E.R. (1965). Hypnotic susceptibility. Oxford: Harcourt, Brace & World.
  28. James W. (1890). The principles of psychology. New York: Henry Holt.
  29. Jensen M.P., Barber J., Romano J.M., Hanley M.A., Raichle K.A., Molton I.R., Patterson D.R. (2009). Effects of Self-Hypnosis Training and EMG Biofeedback Relaxation Training on Chronic Pain in Persons with Spinal-Cord Injury. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 57(3): 239-268. DOI: 10.1080/00207140902881007
  30. Jensen M.P., Ehde D.M., Gertz K.J., Stoelb B.L., Dillworth T.M., Hirsh A.T., Kraft G.H. (2011). Effects of self-hypnosis training and cognitive restructuring on daily pain intensity and catastrophizing in individuals with multiple sclerosis and chronic pain. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 59(1): 45-63. DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2011.522892
  31. Kahn S.P., Fromm E., Lombard L.S., Sossi M. (1989). The Relation of Self-Reports of Hypnotic Depth in Self-Hypnosis to Hypnotizability and Imagery Production, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 37(4): 290-304. DOI: 10.1080/00207148908414484
  32. Kohen D.P., Zajac R. (2007). Self-hypnosis training for headaches in children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics, 150(6): 635-639.
  33. Laidlaw T., Bennett B.M., Dwivedi P., Naito A., Gruzelier J. (2005). Quality of life and mood changes in metastatic breast cancer after training in self-hypnosis or Johrei: A short report. Contemporary Hypnosis, 22(2): 84-93.
  34. Lang E.V., Benotsch E.G., Fick L.J., Lutgendorf S., Berbaum M.L., Berbaum K.S., Spiegel D. (2000). Adjunctive non-pharmacological analgesia for invasive medical procedures: a randomised trial. Lancet, 355(9214): 1486-1490. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02162-0
  35. Lang E.V., Faintuch S., Hatsiopoulou O., Halsey N., Laser E., Baum J., Li X. (2006). Adjunctive self-hypnotic relaxation for outpatient medical procedures: A prospective randomized trial with women undergoing large core breast biopsy. Pain, 126(1-3): 155-164.
  36. Lynn S.J., Kirsch I., Hallquist M.N. (2008). Social cognitive theories of hypnosis. In Nash M.R., Barnier A.J., ed., The Oxford handbook of hypnosis: Theory, research, and practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
  37. Lynn S.J., Barnes S., Deming A., Accardi M. (2010). Hypnosis, rumination, and depression: Catalyzing attention and mindfulness-based treatments. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 58(2): 202-221. DOI: 10.1080/00207140903523244
  38. Lynn S.J., Green J.P., Polizzi C.P., Ellenberg S., Gautam A., Aksen D. (2019). Hypnosis, hypnotic phenomena, and hypnotic responsiveness: Clinical and research foundations A 40-year perspective. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 67(4): 475-511. DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2019.1649541
  39. Meck W.H. (2005). Neuropsychology of timing and time perception. Brain and Cognition, 58 (1): 1-8.
  40. Naito A., Laidlaw T.M., Henderson D.C., Farahani L., Dwivedi P., Gruzelier J.H. (2003). The impact of self-hypnosis and Johrei on lymphocyte subpopulations at exam time: a controlled study. Brain Research Bullettin, 62(3): 241-253.
  41. O’Neill L.M., Barnier A.J., McConkey K. (1999). Treating anxiety with self-hypnosis and relaxation. Contemporary Hypnosis, 16(2), 68-80.
  42. Olendzki N., Elkins G.R., Slonena E., Hung, J., Rhodes J.R. (2019). Mindful Hypnotherapy to Reduce Stress and Increase Mindfulness: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 68 (2), 151-166. DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2020.1722028
  43. Orne M.T., McConkey K.M. (1981). Toward convergent inquiry into self-hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 29(3): 313-323. DOI: 10.1080/00207148108409164
  44. Ruch J.C. (1975). Self hypnosis: the result of heterohypnosis or vice versa? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 23(4): 282-304. DOI: 10.1080/00207147508415952
  45. Ruzyla-Smith P., Barabasz A., Barabasz M., Warner D. (1995). Effects of hypnosis on the immune response: B-cells, T-cells, helper and suppressor cells. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 38(2), 71-79. DOI: 10.1080/00029157.1995.10403185
  46. Sanders S. (1991). Clinical self-hypnosis: The power of words and images. New York: Guildford Press.
  47. Sartorius A., Schmahl C. (2009). Bispectral index monitoring during dissociative pseudo-seizure. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry: the official journal os the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, 10(4 Pt 2): 603-605. DOI: 10.1080/15622970701530933
  48. Shapiro D.J. Jr (1982). Overview: Clinical and physiological comparison of meditation with other self-control strategies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139(3): 267-74.
  49. Smith M.S., Kamitsuka M. (1984). Self-hypnosis misinterpreted as CNS deterioration in an adolescent with leukemia and vincristine toxicity. American Journal odf Clinical Hypnosis, 26(4):280-282. DOI: 10.1080/00029157.1984.10402576
  50. Spiegel D. (2013). Tranceformations: hypnosis in brain and body. Depress Anxiety, 30(4): 342-352.
  51. Spiegel H., Spiegel D. (2004). Trance & Treatment. American Psychiatric Publishing.
  52. Stanton H.E. (1994). Self-hypnosis: One path to reduce test anxiety. Contemporary Hypnosis, 11(1): 14-18.
  53. Sullum J., Clark M.M., King T.K. (2000). Predictors of exercise relapse in a college population. Journal of American College Health, 48: 175-180. DOI: 10.1080/07448480009595693
  54. Unestahl L.E. (2018). Alert, Eyes-Open Sport Hypnosis. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 61(2): 159-172. DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2018.1491387
  55. Werner A., Uldbjerg N., Zachariae R., Nohr E.A. (2013). Effect of self-hypnosis on duration of labor and maternal and neonatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 92(7): 816-823.

  • Autoipnosi ericksoniana con uso di toni binaurali e suoni ASMR. Presentazione di un protocollo di somministrazione con case report Claudio Mammini, Nives Manzoni, in IPNOSI 1/2023 pp.23
    DOI: 10.3280/IPN2023-001002

Giuseppe De Benedittis, AUTO-IPNOSI. Alla ricerca della risorsa interiore in "IPNOSI" 1/2022, pp 5-20, DOI: 10.3280/IPN2022-001001