RISULTATI RICERCA

The article analyzes innovative services introduced into the production of business structures in Kazakhstan to increase sustainable development. When forecasting the prospects for the development of business structures, the changes that oc-curred under the influence of the external environment were analyzed, production and technological aspects were substantiated. In the agricultural sector, the pro-duction of new innovative products on the basis of an innovative technological integration association of business structures increases the volume, quality and ef-ficiency of their production. As a result of studying the theoretical and methodical foundations for the for-mation and development of innovative entrepreneurship, the concept of “innova-tive-cooperative entrepreneurship” and “innovative-integration entrepreneurship” structures was developed, in the long term, the creation of new innovative produc-tion business structures was proposed. It was established that Ordabasy Kus LLP, based on innovative entrepreneurship, is the first innovative enterprise in Kazakhstan to apply a new approach to inno-vative management based on the constant search for new opportunities. This business structure allowed to increase the competitiveness of products and enterprises by output of new products, expanding the range of products, improving product quality, identifying distribution channels, and reducing costs through the introduction of dozens of new production, process, product and marketing innova-tions at their enterprises.

Higher education institutions play a central role in shaping labor skills and green culture essential in the future low-carbon economy. This paper examines the im-pact of green education policies in the higher education sector on the business cy-cle and compares them to standard incentives to encourage green production at the firm level. For our purpose, we set up a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model extended to account for the endogenous selection of green and traditional human capital and heterogeneous households that differ in their ability to access labor markets and with different availabilities of human capital. We find that both academic and firm subsidy measures enable the greening of human capital. How-ever, a green education stimulus is essential to increase the quality of green educa-tion and allow sustainable development in the long run. In contrast, firm-level green subsidies have a larger impact on short-term low-carbon productivity, as they main-ly affect hiring and investment decisions.

A comprehensive understanding of medicine and psychology is indispensable for successful surrogacy practices. This paper aims to provide a qualitative assess-ment of modern Kazakhstan’s legislative regulation of surrogacy in light of con-temporary challenges. This paper intends to highlight some aspects of surrogacy law that have not been adequately expressed in Kazakhstan contract law. The study revealed that a number of issues in this area are not regulated by law in Ka-zakhstan, creating legal gaps and potential contract law issues. Preparing a docu-ment or official commentary addressing many issues in contractual relationships pertaining to surrogacy contracts could be an essential solution. Family and healthcare lawyers will find the information in this paper useful for their practices.

In this article, based on the analysis of domestic and foreign studies, the concepts of “image”, “individual image”, “political image”, as well as the features and tech-nologies of forming and strengthening the image of a political leader in the infor-mation space of Kazakhstan are disclosed. Having determined the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study, the team of authors conducted a con-tent analysis of social media texts that formed the public image of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) Kasim-Jomart Kemelovich Tokayev. Within the framework of this work, the political image was studied as a set of me-dia texts in social media that provide public communication between a politician and the audience in order to create an image that has characteristics that are con-gruent with the desires and moods of the masses. At the same time, a hypothesis was put forward, according to which, whatever the image of a political leader, his personal qualities, character traits influence his important political decisions and the results of his activities. Thus, the correlation of psychological qualities and the media image of a political leader, the topic of the direct influence of personality traits and character of a political leader on his image in the media and mass con-sciousness will always remain one of the most relevant. The hypothesis put forward was tested by a complete analysis of the political situation: general monitoring and selective content analysis of the materials of public speeches of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K. K. Tokayev, covering the domestic and foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan from March 2019 to March 2021. Subsequently, with the help of the Polpred program, a fragmented situational analysis was performed: monitoring and content analysis of the image information of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K.K. The choice of this time period was due to the fact that the month of January 2021 in Kazakhstan was politically saturated, i.e., elections were held to the lower house of the Parliament (Mazhilis and Maslikhats), there was a change in the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The method of content analysis of social media texts, which was used in the work, helped to identify the role of modern media in managing the image of a political leader in conditions of social tension, as well as the specifics of working with them in the context of solving this problem. Based on the results of the study of media texts, a model for managing the image of a political leader was developed, consisting of the following elements: factors affecting the image of a political leader; effective methods, technologies and tools for managing the image of a political leader; communication aspect in the use of selected methods, technologies and tools for optimizing public capital. In conclusion, conclusions are formulated about possible mechanisms for strengthening the image of the political leader of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the mass consciousness of Kazakhstanis.

Today, the world community faces the arduous and responsible task of preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease COVID-19, which objectively requires the adoption of a complex of anti-epidemic (organizational, medical, administrative, and other) measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and to contain and elimi-nate this epidemic. At the same time, to a large extent, such measures are embod-ied in various forms of restrictions on the realization of civil, political, and other rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen, as well as to a certain extent there are encroachments on the inviolability of a person’s private life. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the state mechanisms of Ka-zakhstan and the European Union on legal support and security of personal data on the Internet, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine possible ways for their development and improvement. The research used dialecti-cal, historical-legal, formal-logical, comparative-legal, and special-legal research methods, and systemic-structural research methods, as well as the method of sys-temic analysis. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that it de-velops new scientific provisions, proposals, and recommendations that deepen the theoretical and practical foundations in the field of legal regulation of personal da-ta protection in information technologies during the pandemic in the European Un-ion in general and in the Republic of Kazakhstan in particular.

In the article we examined the plan for advanced concern about human perceptu-al horizons, based on deeper knowledge, to prove the faith in organization and management. In particular, we explored the premises of doxometric management, plausibility structures in relation to static or dynamic doxastic managerial attitudes to build neighborhood structures to increase decision confidence. We believe that in the first quarter of the 21st century it is not so much historical events, the Inter-net or electronic commerce, or technology in general that determine societal influ-ences and changes, but rather knowledge management. There have been and are unprecedented changes in the human condition. It is possible, from a sociological perspective, to show the end of modernity considering that managers and people, in general, those in developed Western societies, in particular, have already come under a strong rationality. No one dares to conceptually touch the market econo-my. We come to the conclusion that a new type of management is needed. It is about doxastic organization and leadership, by measuring trust and opening the borders of neighborhood structures.

This study examines the impact of particulate matter and income levels on three mortality indicators in a sample of OECD countries from 1990 to 2017. The em-pirical analysis is performed within a panel cointegration framework to test for cointegration and causal relationships. The findings support an equilibrium rela-tionship holding mortality rates with pollution and income in the long-run. Esti-mated coefficients and causality tests show that increasing pollution rises mortali-ty rates while increasing GDP per capita has the opposite effect. The main contri-bution of this study is to bring attention to the relationship between mortality rates, fine particulate matter and income for a panel of OECD countries combining coin-tegration analysis and causality tests.

L’articolo è la prefazione all’edizione inglese del volume “Psicopatologia della Situa-zione” curato da Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb e Pietro A. Cavaleri. L’obiettivo dell’autore, Scott D. Churchill, è di invitare alla lettura di questo testo che rappresenta un interessante contributo di rinnovamento delle idee classiche della psicoterapia della Gestalt. Nel libro viene sottolineato il cambiamento in atto nel pensiero della Gestalt che, dalle sue fonda-menta più classicamente intese come “centrate sul cliente”, nel tempo si è orientata sempre più verso una focalizzazione sull’incontro stesso come terreno primario per la compren-sione e il cambiamento psicoterapeutico. L’autore approfondisce il concetto di “situazione” rivisitando il pensiero dei fenomenologi, Heidegger e Sartre.

Attraversando la linea evolutiva delle pubblicazioni di Erving Polster, uno degli psicotera-peuti più stimati in campo mondiale e uno degli autori più significativi della Gestalt Therapy, emerge come nei suoi scritti abbia girato attorno ad alcuni concetti fondamentali facendone ve-nir fuori aspetti sempre nuovi, che potrebbero essere riassunti in tre: il fascino, il now-fo next e i life focus groups. La curiosità estetica, l’interesse, il fascino, verso le relazioni umane che lo ha sempre caratterizzato dà forza, in questa sua pubblicazione di cui l’articolo è la postfazione, a una prospettiva nuova, che rappresenta un passaggio epistemologico necessario in un mondo in cui una pandemia ci ha fatto capire quanto siamo biologicamente interconnessi e quanto nes-suno può salvarsi da solo: il cambiamento è generato dalla possibilità di sentire la magia dello stare insieme, dall’incanto che si crea tra le persone unite da un’esperienza comune.

Obiettivo principale del presente studio è identificare le variabili connesse alla sindrome di burnout nel professionista della salute mentale, nello specifico dello psicoterapeuta attraverso una revisione sistematica, condotta secondo le linee guida PRISMA (Page et al., 2021), con un arco temporale che va dal 2012 a gennaio 2023. La selezione finale ha portato all’inclusione di 20 articoli trovati sui database Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, SocINDEX con Full Text, Education research Complete, APA PsycArticles (EBSCO); PubMed e Scopus. Le variabili “empatia” e “risonanza corporea” sono risultate fondamentali per stabilire una mi-gliore qualità della relazione terapeutica, risultato in linea con i dati già ottenuti dalla ricerca sulla psicoterapia della Gestalt (Spagnuolo Lobb et al., 2022a). Un obiettivo comune per i cli-nici potrebbe essere quello di potenziare le attività di co-visione e supervisione clinica, soste-nendo la risonanza estetica e di campo (Spagnuolo Lobb et al., 2022b).

L’articolo delinea la relazione terapeutica in ottica gestaltica, evidenziando il ruolo dello psicoterapeuta nelle sue capacità e nei suoi limiti. L’obiettivo dell’articolo è quello di evidenzia-re il declinarsi delle varie competenze a cui lo psicoterapeuta attinge nella propria professione, sottolineando l’importanza del prendersi cura di sé, di cui lo psicoterapeuta ha il diritto e la re-sponsabilità di fronte ai propri pazienti. Il contesto storico-sociale degli ultimi anni e quello contemporaneo, nel quale la pandemia da COVID-19 ha assunto particolare rilevanza, solleci-tano a rinnovare le modalità del prendersi cura di sé, che trova la miglior forma nello spazio di supervisione individuale e di gruppo e nel percorso di psicoterapia personale. Tali spazi si con-figurano come uno sfondo comune da cui emergono figure in un processo di costante co-costruzione e che, proprio per questo, diventano, per il singolo psicoterapeuta partecipe, un luogo di incontro, dialogo, apprendimento e trasformazione.

L’articolo intende illustrare i fattori di rischio burnout a cui il terapeuta è esposto. Soprat-tutto, focalizza una particolare situazione ricorrente nell’esperienza del clinico: il cortocircuito emotivo che nasce dall’incontro con pazienti che presentano una marcata affinità con lo sfondo del terapeuta, e che pertanto suscitano in lui particolare risonanza. Per prevenire il burnout, è auspicabile che il terapeuta abbandoni lo schema narcisistico del farsi carico della salvezza del paziente; che accetti la propria fallibilità e che sia disposto a met-tere al servizio dell’Altro le proprie paure e la propria fragilità. L’articolo si conclude con la presentazione di un esempio clinico utilizzando lo schema de-scrittivo dei “passi di danza” e con la proposta di favorire la spontaneità del terapeuta, la sua capacità di entrare pienamente in relazione con i pazienti e l’accettazione della sua vulnerabilità.

L’obiettivo di questo articolo è quello di aprire una riflessione su quali competenze sono necessarie per poter stare vicino, a livello professionale, alla sofferenza umana. La condizione esistenziale e sociale delle persone oggi appare sempre più traumatica, così da richiedere mag-giori abilità cliniche ed emotive agli operatori della salute mentale, esposti ad un elevato rischio di burnout. La curatrice dell’articolo, in collaborazione con i colleghi del comitato editoriale, ha stimo-lato questa riflessione ponendo alcune domande in merito a come formare professionisti psico-terapeuti con un ground solido, con competenze specifiche che la formazione in psicoterapia deve sostenere, per poter accompagnare i pazienti attraverso la sofferenza. Si tratta di compe-tenze specifiche che differenziano questa da rispetto ad altre formazioni affini. Gli autori intervistati, tutti importanti esponenti della nostra professione inseriti in contesti significativi e strategici, hanno dato il loro contributo aiutandoci a trovare delle coordinate all’interno di questa complessità.

Questo numero della rubrica raccoglie diversi contributi, provenienti soprattutto dalla ricerca di base, in cui l’ipnosi ha provato il proprio ruolo sia come elemento di cura, sia come metodologia di studio. In particolare, alcuni studi degli ultimi sei mesi hanno utilizzato l’ipnosi come paradigma sperimentale in trial clinici che l’hanno confrontata ad altri metodi di intervento; in altri, l’ipnosi è stata applicata al trattamento del dolore. Inoltre, in alcuni contributi si indagano i meccanismi neurofisiologici del suo funzionamento e quelli neuropsicologici, come è il caso del-la response set theory di Irving Kirsch.