The lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic has forced millions of workers to experiment with new forms of remote work using digital devices in unexpected ways. Many researchers have described this mass experience above all from the point of view of the advantages and disadvantages for the company and of the positive and negative aspects for the worker. But the changes in technology and organization associated with remote work have not been examined in depth. This article studies technological and organizational changes and their connection with the autonomy and participation of workers. From the qualitative investigations of five cases it emerges that in fact remote work has allowed a partial increase in autonomy and a consequent development of teamwork. It was perceived as a growth in the direct participation of workers which in turn has strengthened innovation. However, differences emerged between the companies. In cases of low level of innovation, team development has remained within the functional areas and technological innovation has concerned the communication platforms and improvements in existing systems. Instead, in cases of high level of innovation, the teams have developed the cross-functional dimension and the use of 4.0 technologies has been intensified.
