"I’m present right here and right now, and I feel good!" - The role of mindfulness in the Job Demands - Resources Model

Journal title PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE
Author/s Michela Vignoli, Gerardo Petruzziello, Dina Guglielmi
Publishing Year 2016 Issue 2016/2
Language Italian Pages 21 P. 106-126 File size 281 KB
DOI 10.3280/PDS2016-002006
DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation click here

Below, you can see the article first page

If you want to buy this article in PDF format, you can do it, following the instructions to buy download credits

Article preview

FrancoAngeli is member of Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA), a not-for-profit association which run the CrossRef service enabling links to and from online scholarly content.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of mindfulness -«an awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment and non-judgementally to the experience that unfolds moment by moment (Kabat-Zinn, 2003)» - on workers’ well-being, seeing it as personal resource in the Job Demands-Resources model. It was hypothesized that mindfulness may buffer the impact of surface acting, seen as job demand, on emotional exhaustion. It was also hypothesized that mindfulness may act a negative and indirect effect on emotional exhaustion through the mediation of reduced surface acting and a positive and indirect effect on work engagement as well, enhancing the perception of support from colleagues and supervisors. The results of the study, carried out on a sample of 316 employees of an Italian supermarket chain, confirmed the hypotheses. Implications for future research are discussed. The results suggest the importance of developing mindfulness in organizations in order to promote workers’ well-being, because it enables them to cope with, or reduce, job demands and to increase job resources, which in turn enhance motivation at work.

Keywords: Mindfulness, job resources, surface acting, emotional exhaustion, work engagement, job demands-resources model.

  1. Kabat-Zinn J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10: 144-156. DOI: 10.1093/clipsy/bpg016
  2. Istituto per lo sviluppo della formazione professionale dei lavoratori (n.d.b.). Scheda dettagliata. Retrieved from: http://fabbisogni.isfol.it/scheda.php?id=5.1.2.2.0&limite=1
  3. Karasek R.A. (1985). Job Content Questionnaire and user’s guide. Lowell: University of Massachusetts Lowell.
  4. Ahola K., Honkonen T., Virtanen M., Aromaa A., and Lönnqvist J. (2008). Burnout in relation to age in the adult working population. Journal of Occupational Health, 50(4): 362-365.
  5. Aikens K.A., Astin J., Pelletier K.R., Lvanovich K., Baase C.M., Park Y.Y. and Bodnar C.M. (2014). Mindfulness goes to work: Impact of an online workplace intervention. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56 (7): 721-731. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.000000000000020
  6. Allen T.B. and Kirbuz K. (2012). Trait mindfulness and work–family balance among working parents: The mediating effects of vitality and sleep quality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80 (2): 372-379. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.09.00
  7. Bakker A.B. and Demerouti E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22 (3): 309-328. DOI 10.1108/02683940710733115
  8. Bakker A.B., Demerouti E. and Sanz-Vergel A.I. (2014). Burnout and work engagement: The JD–R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behaviour, 1 (1): 389-411. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-09123
  9. Bakker A.B., Demerouti E. and Schaufeli W.B. (2003). Dual processes at work in a call centre: An application of the job demands – resources model. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12 (4): 393-417. DOI: 10.1080/1359432034400016
  10. Balducci C., Fraccaroli F., and Schaufeli W.B. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9): A cross-cultural analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26 (2): 143-149. DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a00002
  11. Barnes S., Brown K.B., Krusemark E., Campbell W.K. and Rogge R.D. (2007). The role of mindfulness in romantic relationship satisfaction and responses to relationship stress. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33 (4): 482-500. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2007.00033.
  12. Becker T.E., Atinc G., Breaugh J. A. Carlson K.D., Edwards, J.R., and Spector P.E. (2015). Statistical control in correlational studies: 10 essential recommendations for organizational researchers. Journal of Organizational Behavior. DOI: 10.1002/job.205
  13. Borgogni L., Galati D. e Petitta L. (2005). Il questionario Checkup organizzativo. Manuale dell’adattamento Italiano [The Organizational Checkup Questionnaire. Manual of the Adaptation to Italian]. Firenze: O. S. Giunti.
  14. Brotheridge C.M. and Lee R.T. (2003). Development and validation of the Emotional Labour Scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76 (3): 365-379. DOI: 10.1348/09631790376964722
  15. Brown K.W. and Ryan R.M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84: 822-848. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.82
  16. Brown K.W., Ryan R.M. and Creswell J.D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical Foundations and evidence for Its Salutary Effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18: 211-237. DOI: 10.1080/1047840070159829
  17. Cenni P. e Barbieri F. (1997), Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire: Una versione italiana tradotta e adattata. [Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire. An italian translated and adapted version] Report pubblicato.
  18. Chau S.L., Dahling J.J., Levy P.E. and Diefendorf J.M. (2009). A predictive study of emotional labour and turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30 (8): 1151-1163. DOI: 10.1002/job.61
  19. Chambers R., Gullone E. and Allen N.B. (2009). Mindful emotion regulation: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 29: 560-572. DOI: 10.1016/j.cr.2009.06.00
  20. Christian M.S., Garza A.S. and Slaughter J.E. (2011). Work Engagement: a quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64 (1): 89-136. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.
  21. Coffey K.A., Hartman M. and Fredrickson B.L. (2010). Deconstructing Mindfulness and Constructing Mental Health: Understanding Mindfulness and its Mechanisms of Action. Mindfulness, 1: 235-253. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-010-0033-
  22. Cullen M. (2011). Mindfulness-based interventions: An emerging phenomenon. Mindfulness, 2: 186-193. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-011-0058-
  23. Dane E. and Brummel B.J. (2013). Examining workplace mindfulness and its relation to job performance and turnover intention. Human Relations, 67 (1): 105-128. DOI: 10.1177/001872671348775
  24. Demerouti E., Bakker A.B., Nachreiner F. and Schaufeli W.B. (2001). The Job Demands – Resources Model of Burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 499-512. DOI: 10.1037//0021-9010.86.3.49
  25. Evans D.R., Baer R.A. and Segerstrorm S.C. (2009). The effects of mindfulness and self-consciousness on persistence. Personality and Individual Differences, 47 (4): 379-382. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.02
  26. Fossati A., Somma A., Maffei C. e Borroni S. (2013). Il ruolo dei deficit di mindfulness nella disregolazione emotiva e comportamentale: uno studio italiano su soggetti non clinici. [The role of Mindfulness deficiencies in emotional and behavioural dysregulation: an Italian study on non-clinical subjects] Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 19 (1): 43-62.
  27. Garland E.L., Gaylord S.A. and Fredrickson B.L. (2011). Positive reappraisal mediates the stress-reductive effects of mindfulness: An upward spiral process. Mindfulness, 2 (1): 59-67. DOI 10.1007/s12671-011-0043-8
  28. Giluk T.L. (2009). Mindfulness, Big five personality, and affect: a Meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 47: 805-811. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.02
  29. Glomb T.M., Duffy M.K., Bono J.E. and Yang T. (2011). Mindfulness at work. Research in personnel and human resources management, 30: 115-157. DOI :10.1108/S0742-7301(2011)0000030005
  30. Guglielmi D., Simbula S., Schaufeli W.B. and Depolo M. (2012). Self-efficacy and workaholism as initiators of the job demands-resources model. Career Development International, 17 (4): 375-389. DOI: 10.1108/1362043121125584
  31. Hede A. (2010). The Dynamics of mindfulness in managing emotions and stress. Journal of Management Development, 29: 94-110. DOI: 10.1108/0262171101100909
  32. Hobfoll S.E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44 (3): 513-524. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.51
  33. Hulsheger U.R., Alberts H.J.E.M., Feinholdt A. and Lang J.W.B. (2013). Benefits of Mindfulness at Work: The Role of Mindfulness in Emotion Regulation, Emotional Exhaustion, and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98 (2): 310-325. DOI: 10.1037/a003131
  34. Hulsheger U.R. and Schewe A.F. (2011). On the costs and benefits of Emotional Labour: A Meta – Analysis of three Decades of Research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(3): 361-389. DOI: 10.1037/a0022876
  35. Hochschild A. (1983). The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feelings. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  36. Keng S-L., Smoski M.J. and Robins C.L. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychological Review, 31: 1041-1056. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.00
  37. Leroy H., Anseel F., Dimitrova N.G. and Sels L. (2013). Mindfulness, authentic functioning, and work engagement: A growth modeling approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82 (3): 238-247. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2013.01.01
  38. Lo Presti A. (2013). Una valutazione del modello Job Demands-Resources su un campione di operatori della salute [An evaluation of the Job Demands-Resources model on a sample of health care workers]. Psicologia della Salute, 3 (3): 51-74. DOI: 10.3280/PDS2013-003003
  39. Maslach C. and Jackson S.E. (1981). The measurement of Experienced Burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2 (2): 99-113. DOI: 10.1002/job.403002020
  40. Malinowski P. and Lim H.J. (2015). Mindfulness at Work: Positive Affect, Hope, and Optimism Mediate the Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness, Work Engagement, and Well-Being. Mindfulness, 5: 1-13. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-015-0388-
  41. Meyers M.C., van Woerkom M. and Bakker A.B. (2013). The added value of the positive: A literature review of positive psychology interventions in organizations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22 (5), 618-632. DOI: 10.1080/1359432X.2012.
  42. McCracken L.M. and Yang S.-Y. (2008). A Contextual Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis of Rehabilitation Workers’ Health and Well-Being: Influences of Acceptance, Mindfulness, and Values-Based Action. Rehabilitation Psychology, 53 (4): 479-485. DOI: 10.1037/a001285
  43. Peeters M.C.W., Montgomery A.J., Bakker A.B. and Schaufeli W.B. (2005). Balancing Work and Home: How Job and Home Demands Are Related to Burnout. International Journal of Stress Management, 12 (1): 43-61. DOI: 10.1037/1072-5245.12.1.4
  44. Prazak M., Critelli J., Martin L., Miranda V., Purdum M., and Powers C. (2012). Mindfulness and its role in physical and psychological health. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 4 (1): 91-105. DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-0854.2011.01063.
  45. Preacher K.J. and Hayes A.F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36 (4): 717-731. DOI: 10.3758/bf03206553
  46. Prieto L.L., Salanova M., Martinez I. and Schaufeli W.B. (2008). Extension of the job demands-resources model in the prediction of burnout and engagement among teachers over time. Psicothema, 20 (3): 354-360.
  47. Purvanova R.K. and Muros J.P. (2010). Gender differences in burnout: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(2), 168-185.
  48. Reb J., Narayanan J. and Chaturvedi S. (2012). Leading Mindfully: Two Studies on the Influence of Supervisor Trait Mindfulness on Employee Well-Being and Performance. Mindfulness, 5(1): 1-10. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-012-0144-
  49. Reb J., Narayanan J. and Ho Z.W. (2013). Mindfulness at work: Antecedents and consequences of employee awareness and absent-mindedness. Mindfulness, 6 (1): 111-122. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-013-0236-
  50. Roeser R.W., Schonert-Reichl K.A., Jha A., Cullen M., Wallace L., Wilensky R., Oberle E., Thomson K., Taylor C. and Harrison J. (2013). Mindfulness training and reductions in teacher stress and burnout: Results from two randomized, waitlist-control field trials. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105 (3): 787-804. DOI: 10.1037/a003209
  51. Sedlmeier P., Eberth J., Schwarz M., Zimmerman D., Haarig F., Jaeger S. and Kunze, S. (2012). The psychological effects of meditation: A Meta – Analysis. Psychological Bullettin, 138: 1139-1171. DOI: 10.1037/a002816
  52. Setti I. e Argentero P. (2015). Il benessere nei vigili del fuoco volontari: la mindfulness come risorsa psicologica [Well-being among volunteer firefighters: mindfulness as psychological resource]. Psicologia della Salute, 2: 101-121. DOI: 10.3280/PDS2015-00200
  53. Schaufeli W.B. and Bakker A.B. (2003). Test manual for the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Testo non pubblicato. Retrieved from: http://www.wilmarschaufeli.nl
  54. Schaufeli W.B. and Bakker A.B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25 (3): 293-315. DOI: 10.1002/job.2
  55. Schaufeli W.B., Bakker A.B. and Van Rhenen, W. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30 (7): 893-917. DOI: 10.1002/job.59
  56. Schaufeli W.B., Leiter M.P., Maslach C. and Jackson S.E. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey. In: Maslach C., Jackson S.E. e Leiter M.P., editors, The Maslach Burnout Inventory (3rd.ed). Test Manual. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  57. Schaufeli W.B. and Taris T.W. (2014). A critical review of the Job Demands-Resources Model: Implications for improving work and health. In: Bauer G.F. and Hamming O., editors, Bridging occupational, organizational and public health. Netherlands: Springer, pp. 43-68
  58. Shapiro S.L., Carlson L., Astin J.A. and Freedman B. (2006). Mechanisms of Mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 373-386. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.2023
  59. Simbula S. (2015). Verso la qualità della vita lavorativa: dalla prevenzione del rischio alla promozione del benessere [Toward the quality of working life: from the risk prevention to the well-being promotion]. Ricerche di Psicologia, 1: 225-235. DOI: 10.3280/RIP2015-001014
  60. Simbula S. e Benedetti E. (2013). La scuola tra passato e presente: come gli insegnanti fanno fronte alle richieste lavorative e si sentono engaged. [School between past and present: how teachers cope with their job demands and stay engaged]. Psicologia della Salute, 2: 71-95. DOI: 10.3280/PDS2013-002006
  61. Simbula S., Mazzetti G. e Guglielmi D. (2011). Conflitto lavoro/famiglia, burnout e work engagement negli insegnanti: Il ruolo moderatore delle risorse lavorative e personali. [Work-family conflict, burnout and work engagement among teachers: the moderating role of job and personal resources]. Avances en Psicologia Latinoamericana, 29 (2): 302-316.
  62. Tetrick L.E. and Winslow C.J. (2015). Workplace Stress Management Interventions and Health Promotion. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2 (1): 583-603. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-11134
  63. Wachs K. and Cordova J.V. (2007). Mindful relating: Exploring Mindfulness and Emotion Repertoires in Intimate Relationship. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33 (4): 464-481. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2007.00032.x
  64. Weinstein N., Brown K.W. and Ryan R.M. (2009). A multi – method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping and emotional well – being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43 (3): 374-385. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.00
  65. Weinstein N. and Ryan R.M. (2011). A self-determination theory approach to understanding stress incursion and responses. Stress and Health, 27: 4-17. DOI: 10.1002/smi.136
  66. Xanthopoulou D., Bakker A.B., Demerouti E. and Schaufeli W.B. (2007). The Role of Personal Resources in the Job Demands-Resources Model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14 (2): 121-141. DOI: 10.1037/1072-5245.14.2.12
  67. Zhang J., Ding W., Li Y. and Wu C. (2013). Task complexity matters: The influence of trait mindfulness on task and safety performance of nuclear power plant operators. Personality and individual differences, 55 (4): 433-439. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.00

Michela Vignoli, Gerardo Petruzziello, Dina Guglielmi, Sono presente qui e ora, e sto bene! ? Il ruolo della mindfulness nel Job Demands - Resources Model� in "PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE" 2/2016, pp 106-126, DOI: 10.3280/PDS2016-002006