Stadium safety in Italy: Fans, violence and law enforcement measures

Journal title SOCIOLOGIA DEL DIRITTO
Author/s Luca Bifulco
Publishing Year 2018 Issue 2018/3 Language Italian
Pages 27 P. 159-185 File size 324 KB
DOI 10.3280/SD2018-003008
DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation click here

Below, you can see the article first page

If you want to buy this article in PDF format, you can do it, following the instructions to buy download credits

Article preview

FrancoAngeli is member of Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA), a not-for-profit association which run the CrossRef service enabling links to and from online scholarly content.

The paper aims to analyse stadium safety, football-related violence and legal adjustments characterizing Italy in recent years. Facing the complexity and the heterogeneity of fans’ conduct and the variety of all possible actors and situations involved, academic investigations have provided useful and targeted interpretations, but they have missed to provide uniform definitions and explanations of this phenomenon. At the same time, over the last decades, public debates, influenced by the media, focused their attention on how ultras might be a dangerous threat to public good, social order and rules. In doing so, they have understated wider interpretations and have constantly increased moral blame against an enemy represented as criminal. Within this context, the legal framework has been oriented towards a paradigm of social danger. The legislative action has taken on punitive and preventive roles, aimed at preserving safety in stadiums, while often overlooking more general consideration of civil rights. Stadiums Safety - Violence - Fandom - Law

  1. Armstrong, Gary, 1998. Football Hooligans. Knowing the Score. Oxford: Berg.
  2. —, & Dick Hobbs, 1994. Tackled from Behind. In Richard Giulianotti, Norman Bonney & Mike Hepworth (eds.), Football, Violence, and Social Identity. London: Routledge.
  3. Bifulco, Luca, & Francesco Pirone, 2014. A tutto campo. Il calcio da una prospettiva sociologica. Napoli: Guida.
  4. Collins, Randall, [1992]2008a. Sociological Insight. An Introduction to Non-obvious Sociology. Traduzione italiana L’intelligenza sociologica. Un’introduzione alla sociologia non-ovvia. S. Maria C.V.: Ipermedium.
  5. —, 2008b. Violence. A Micro-sociological Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  6. —, 2004. Interaction Ritual Chains. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  7. Comeron, Manuel, 2002. The Prevention of Violence in Sport. Strasburg: Council of Europe Publishing.
  8. Dal Lago, Alessandro, 1990. Descrizione di una battaglia. I rituali del calcio. Bologna: il Mulino.
  9. Dixon, Kevin, 2013. Consuming Football in Late Modern Life. Farnham: Ashgate.
  10. Dunning, Eric, 1994. The Social Roots of Football Hooliganism: A Reply to the Critics of the “Leicester School”. In Richard Giulianotti, Norman Bonney & Mike Hepworth (eds.), Football Violence and Social Identity. London & New York: Routledge.
  11. —, 2002. Towards a Sociological Understanding of Football Hooliganism as a World Phenomenon. In Eric Dunning, Patrick Murphy, Ivan Waddington & Antonios E. Astrinakis (eds.), Fighting Fans. Football Hooliganism as a World Phenomenon. Dublin: University College Dublin Press.
  12. —, Patrick Murphy, & John Williams, 1988. The Roots of Football Hooliganism. An Historical and Sociological Study. London & New York: Routledge & Keegan Paul.
  13. —, 1990. Il teppismo calcistico in Gran Bretagna: 1880-1989. In Antonio Roversi, Calcio e violenza in Europa. Inghilterra, Germania, Italia, Olanda, Belgio e Danimarca. Bologna: il Mulino.
  14. Elias, Norbert, & Eric Dunning, [1986]1989. Quest for Excitement. Sport and Leisure in the Civilizing Process. Traduzione italiana Sport e aggressività. La ricerca di eccitamento nel “loisir”. Bologna: il Mulino.
  15. Frosdick, Steve, & Peter Marsh, 2005. Football Hooliganism. Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
  16. Garraffa, Paolo, 2015. La nuova normativa contro la violenza negli stadi: qualche piccolo passo in avanti, ed un grosso passo indietro. Diritto penale contemporaneo, 5 maggio: 1-26.
  17. Horne, John, 2005. Sport in Consumer Culture. Houndmills-Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  18. Marsh, Peter, 1978. Aggro. The Illusion of Violence. London, Melbourne & Toronto: Dent & Sons Ltd.
  19. —, Elizabeth Rosser, & Rom Harré [1978]1984. The Rules of Disorder. Traduzione italiana Le regole del disordine. Milano: Giuffrè.
  20. Massucci, Roberto, & Nicola Ferrigni, 2013. C’era una volta l’ultrà. Roma: Eurilink.
  21. —, & Nicola Gallo (a cura di), 2011. La sicurezza negli stadi. Profili giuridici e risvolti sociali. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
  22. Murphy, Patrick, John Williams, & Eric Dunning, 1990. Football on Trial. Spectator Violence and Development in the Football World. London: Routledge.
  23. King, Anthony, 1998. The End of the Terraces. Leicester: Leicester University Press.
  24. O’Neill, Megan, 2006. Policing Football. Social Interaction and Negotiated Disorder. Houndmills-Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  25. Osservatorio Nazionale sulle Manifestazioni Sportive, 2014. Rapporto annuale. Roma: Ministero dell’Interno, -- http://www.osservatoriosport.interno.gov.it/allegati/Dati/rapporto_osservatorio_2014.pdf (visitato il 10 settembre 2017).
  26. —, 2015. Rapporto annuale. Roma: Ministero dell’Interno, -- http://www.osservatoriosport.interno.gov.it/allegati/rapporto_2015_versione_stampabile.pdf (visitato il 10 settembre 2017).
  27. Roversi, Antonio (a cura di), 1990. Calcio e violenza in Europa. Inghilterra, Germania, Italia, Olanda, Belgio e Danimarca. Bologna: il Mulino.
  28. —, 1992. Calcio, tifo e violenza. Il teppismo calcistico in Italia. Bologna: il Mulino.
  29. —, & Carlo Balestri, 2002. Italian Ultras Today: Change or Decline? In Eric Dunning, Patrick Murphy, Ivan Waddington & Antonios E. Astrinakis (eds.), Fighting Fans. Football Hooliganism as a World Phenomenon. Dublin: University College Dublin Press.
  30. Salvini, Alessandro, 2004. Ultrà. Psicologia del tifoso violento. Milano: Giunti.
  31. Santangelo, Filippo, 2011. “Reati tipici” da stadio: problemi applicativi ed efficacia sanzionatoria. In Roberto Massucci & Nicola Gallo (a cura di), La sicurezza negli stadi. Profili giuridici e risvolti sociali. Milano: Franco Angeli.
  32. Scandurra, Giuseppe, 2016. Tifo estremo. Storie degli Ultras del Bologna. Castel San Pietro Romano (RM): Manifestolibri.
  33. Spaaij, Ramón, 2006. Understanding Football Hooliganism. A Comparison of Six Western European Football Clubs. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  34. Stott, Clifford, & Steve Reicher, 1998. How Conflict Escalates: The Inter-group Dynamics of Collective Football Crowd “Violence”. Sociology, 32, 2: 353-377. DOI: 10.1177/0038038598032002007
  35. Tsoukala, Anastassia, 2009. Football Hooliganism in Europe. Security and Civil Liberty in the Balance. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
  36. —, 2010. Combating Football Crowd Disorder at the European Level: An Ongoing Institutionalisation of the Control of Deviance. Entertainment and Sports Law Journal, 7, 2.
  37. —, 2011. Timing “Dangerousness”: Football Crowd Disorder in the Italian and Greek Press. Sport in Society, 14, 5: 598-611. DOI: 10.1080/17430437.2011.574360.
  38. —, 2015. Risk-focused Security Policies and Human Rights: the Impossible Symbiosis. In Mark B. Salter (ed.), Mapping Transatlantic Security Relations: The EU, Canada and the War on Terror. London & New York: Routledge.
  39. Williams, John, Eric Dunning, & Patrick Murphy, 1984. Hooligans Abroad, London & New York: Routledge.

Luca Bifulco, La sicurezza negli stadi in Italia Tifo, violenza, diritto e misure di contrasto in "SOCIOLOGIA DEL DIRITTO " 3/2018, pp 159-185, DOI: 10.3280/SD2018-003008