Policies, training practices and skills for adults’ employability in the digital era

Journal title SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO
Author/s Barbara Barabaschi, Alessia Forti, Giovanna Spagnuolo
Publishing Year 2020 Issue 2020/156
Language Italian Pages 26 P. 47-72 File size 270 KB
DOI 10.3280/SL2020-156003
DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation click here

Below, you can see the article first page

If you want to buy this article in PDF format, you can do it, following the instructions to buy download credits

Article preview

FrancoAngeli is member of Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA), a not-for-profit association which run the CrossRef service enabling links to and from online scholarly content.

The paper aims to reflect, with a multidisciplinary approach, on the changes that adult learning systems are experiencing in the context of technological progress, population ageing and the emergence of a knowledge-based economy. In particu-lar, the article highlights the relationship between these phenomena and the need to adapt the skills in order to improve adult employability. This requires rethinking the role of education and vocational training with a lifelong learning perspective. The analysis focusses on adults in need to keep their skills up to date in a context characterized by instability, competitiveness, technological change and the exten-sion of working life. A specific focus is given to the innovations introduced to re-think both adult learning approaches and methods. In the final part, the five arti-cles of the special issue are introduced. Conclusions present some recommenda-tions for policies on adult learning.

Keywords: Adult learning, employability, adult workers, digital skills

  1. Accornero A. (2005). Il lavoro tra la rigidità e la flessibilità. E Poi?. Sociologia del lavoro, 100: 9-23.
  2. ANPAL (2018). XVIII Rapporto sulla formazione continua. Annualità 2016-2017. Roma. -- www.anpal.gov.it/documents/20126/41627/XVIII+Rapporto+Formazione+Continua+2016-2017.pdf/77c00283-bc59-4146-aa07-cec82b4c5dbd.
  3. ANPAL (2018). L’attuazione della Garanzia Giovani in Italia. Rapporto trimestrale Garanzia Giovani, n. 4. -- www.anpal.gov.it/documents/20126/41601/Rapporto+trimestrale+GG+N+4.pdf/55a0ba84-d517-4cf5-a1ab-61855bad68db.
  4. Barabaschi B. (2007). Apprendere dagli imprevisti: i due livelli della riflessività. Studi di Sociologia, 2: 205-223.
  5. Barabaschi B. (2015), Intergenerational Solidarity in the Workplace: Can It Solve Europe’s Labor Market and Social Welfare Crisis? Journal of Workplace Rights, December: 1-11.
  6. Barabaschi B. (2018). L’invecchiamento delle forze di lavoro quale sfida per gli active welfare regimes, Milano: FrancoAngeli.
  7. Bateson G. (1976). Verso un'ecologia della mente. Milano: Adelphi.
  8. Bauman Z. (2001). Dentro la globalizzazione. Le conseguenze sulle persone. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
  9. Beck U. (2000). La società del rischio. Verso una seconda modernità. Roma: Carocci.
  10. Beck U. (2008). Il lavoro nell'epoca della fine del lavoro. Tramonto delle sicurezze e nuovo impegno civile. Einaudi: Torino.
  11. Bessen J. (2015). Learning by Doing: The Real Connection between Innovation, Wages, and Wealth, New Haven: Yale University Press.
  12. Borghi V. (2006). Tra individualizzazione e attivazione: trasformazioni sociali ai confini tra lavoro, welfare e logiche amministrative. In V. Borghi, R. Rizza, L’organizzazione sociale del lavoro. Lo statuto del lavoro e le sue trasformazioni. Milano: Mondadori.
  13. Brown G. (2006). New perspectives on instructional effectiveness through distance education. In King K.P., Griggs J.K. (eds.), Harnessing innovative technology in higher education: Access, equity, policy, and instruction. Madison, WI: Atwood Publishing, 97-109.
  14. Calza Bini P., Lucciarini S. (2011). Barriere e opportunità all’implementazione di politiche di invecchiamento: una prospettiva comparata europea. Quaderni europei sul nuovo welfare, 16, -- www.newwelfare.org/2011/03/04/.
  15. Castaño Muñoz J., Redecker C., Vuorikari R., Punie Y. (2013). Open Education 2030: planning the future of adult learning in Europe, Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 28(3): 171-186.
  16. Cedefop, Eurofound (2018). Skills forecasts: trends and challenges to 2030. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop reference series; 108. -- http://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2801/449.
  17. Cedefop (2010). Skills Supply and Demand in Europe: Medium Term Forecast up to 2020. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. -- http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/3052_en.pdf.
  18. Colasanto M., Lodigiani R. (2008). Welfare possibili. Tra workfare e learnfare. Milano: Vita e Pensiero.
  19. Commission of the European Communities (2002). Europe’s response to world ageing: Promoting economic and social progress in an ageing world. -- http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/social_situation/docs/com2002_0143_en.pdf.
  20. Commissione Europea (2010). Europa 2020. Una strategia per una crescita intelligente, sostenibile ed inclusiva. -- https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/it/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A52010DC2020.
  21. Costa M. (2012). Agency Formativa per il nuovo learnfare. Formazione & Insegnamento, 2: 83-107.
  22. Davies A., Fidler D., Gorbis, M. (2011). Future work skills 2020. In: Bryan V. C., Wang V. (eds.), Technology use and research approaches for community education and professional development, Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.
  23. Dehmel A. (2006). Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality? Some critical reflections on the European Union’s lifelong learning policies. Comparative Education, 42(1): 49-62.
  24. Dewey J. (2014). Esperienza e educazione. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
  25. Dingeldey I. (2007). Between Workfare and Enablement. The Different Paths to Transformation of the Welfare State: A Comparative Analysis of Activating Labour Market Policies. European Journal of Political Research, 46: 823-851.
  26. Durkeim E. (1977). The division of labour in society. New York, NY: The Free Press.
  27. EU-OSHA, Cedefop, Eurofound and EIGE (2017). Joint report on Towards age-friendly work in Europe: a life-course perspective on work and ageing from EU Agencies, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. -- www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/te-02-17-364-en-n.pdf.
  28. European Commission (2000). Memorandum on lifelong learning. SEC(2000) 1832. Brussels. ---- https://arhiv.acs.si/dokumenti/Memorandum_on_Lifelong_Learning.pdf.
  29. European Commission (2001). Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality COM(2001) 678 final. Brussels. -- http://aei.pitt.edu/42878/1/com2001_0678.pdf.
  30. European Commission (2018). The 2018 Ageing report. Underlying assumptions and projection methodologies. Institutional Paper 65, Bruxelles. -- https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/economy-finance/ip065_en.pdf.
  31. Eurostat (2015). Continuing Vocational Training Survey (CVTS). Bruxelles -- https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/microdata/continuing-vocational-training-survey.
  32. Falck O., Heimisch A., Wiederhold S. (2016). Returns to ICT Skills. IEB Working paper, 5. -- https://ssrn.com/abstract=2744714 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2744714.
  33. Ferrera M., Hemerijck A., Rhodes M. (2000). The Future of Social Europe. Recasting Work and Welfare in the New Economy, Oeiras: Celta Editora.
  34. Gaddi M., Garbellini N., Garibaldo F. (2017). “Industry 4.0 and its consequences for Work and Labour. Field research report on the implementation of Industry 4.0 in a sample of Italian companies”. -- www.fondazionesabattini.it/ricerche-1/ricerca-europea-industria-4-0.
  35. Gallino L. (2000). Globalizzazione e disuguaglianze. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
  36. Gallino L. (2007). Il lavoro non è una merce. Contro la flessibilità. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
  37. Gazier B. (2003). Tout “Sublimes”. Vers un nouveau plein-emploi. Paris: Flammarion.
  38. Gosetti G. (2015). Lavoro, transizioni lavorative e territorio nel capitalismo delle reti. Elementi per un approfondimento. In: Gottardi D., Bazzani T. (a cura di), Il coordinamento degli attori del mercato del lavoro. Napoli: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 29-67.
  39. Grundke R., M. Squicciarini, S. Jamet, M. Kalamova (2017). Having the right mix: the role of skill bundles for comparative advantage and industry performance in GVCs. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers. -- http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/518151965.
  40. ILO (2010). A skilled workforce for strong, sustainable and balanced growth. A G20 training strategy. Geneva: ILO Publications. -- www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---ifp_skills/documents/publication/wcms_151966.pdf.
  41. Knowles M. (2002). Quando l’adulto impara. Pedagogia e andragogia. Milano: FrancoAngeli (Original work published 1973).
  42. Kolb D.A. (1984). Experimental Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  43. Lawn M., Normand R. (2015). Actors, Tools, Ideas and Structures in the shaping of European education. London: Routledge.
  44. Levy F., Murnane R. (2006). The New Division of Labor. How Computers are Creating the New Yob Market. New York: Russel Age Foundation.
  45. Longworth N. (2006). Città che imparano. Come far diventare le città luoghi di apprendimento. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
  46. Luciano A. (2003). Le comunità di apprendimento: una risposta possibile alla domanda di formazione degli adulti. In: ISFOL (ed.), Formazione permanente: chi partecipa e chi ne è escluso. Primo rapporto nazionale sulla domanda. Roma: ISFOL.
  47. Margiotta U. (2012). Educazione e formazione dopo la crisi del welfare. In: Baldacci M., Frabboni F., Margiotta U., Longlife/Longwide Learning: Per un Trattato Europeo della Formazione. Milano: Bruno Mondadori.
  48. Medlock Paul C., Spires H., Kerkhoff S. (2017). Digital Literacy for the 21st Century. In: Khosrow-Pour M., Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, IGI-Global, Hershey P.A: Information Science Reference: 2235-2242.
  49. Mezirow J. (2003). Apprendimento e trasformazione. Il significato dell’esperienza e il valore della riflessione nell’apprendimento degli adulti. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
  50. MLPS e MIUR (2018). Rapporto su “Implementazione in Italia della Raccomandazione del Consiglio Percorsi di miglioramento del livello di competenze: nuove opportunità per gli adulti”. Rapporto ai sensi del Punto 16 della Raccomandazione del Consiglio del 19.12.2016 (2016/C 484/01). -- www.lavoro.gov.it/temi-e-priorita/orientamento-e-formazione/focus-on/Formazione/Documents/Italian-Report-on-upskilling-Pathways-New-Version-04102018.pdf.
  51. Morin E. (2000). La testa ben fatta. Riforma dell’insegnamento e riforma del pensiero. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
  52. Morlicchio E. (2013). Sociologia della povertà. Bologna: Il Mulino.
  53. Nedelkoska L., Quintini G. (2018). Automation, Skill Use and Training. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 202. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  54. Nussbaum M. (2002). Giustizia sociale e dignità umana. Bologna: Il Mulino.
  55. OECD (2001). Cities and regions in the new learning economy. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  56. OECD (2013). Survey of adult skills. Programme for the international assessment of adult competencies (Piaac). Paris: OCDE Publishing.
  57. OECD (2015). Digital Economy Outlook. Paris: OCDE Publishing.
  58. OECD (2016). Skills for a Digital World, Policy Brief on The Future of Work. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  59. OECD (2018). The future of education and skills. Framework Education 2030. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  60. OECD (2019a). Getting Skills Right: Engaging low-skilled adults in learning. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  61. OECD (2019b). Getting Skills Right: Future-Ready Adult Learning Systems. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  62. OECD (2019c). Adult Learning in Italy: What Role For Training Funds?. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  63. OECD (2019d). OECD Employment Outlook: The Future of Work. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  64. Putnam R.D. (2001). Social Capital: Measurement and Consequences. Isuma: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2: 40-51
  65. Rullani E. (2004). Economia della conoscenza, Creatività e valore nel capitalismo delle reti. Roma: Carocci.
  66. Salvetti F., La Rosa M., Bertagni B. (2015). Employability. Knowledge, Skills and Abilities for the Glocal World. Sociologia del lavoro, 137: 7-13.
  67. Saraceno C. (2015). Il lavoro non basta. La povertà in Europa negli anni della crisi. Milano: Feltrinelli.
  68. Sen A. (2002). Globalizzazione e libertà. Milano: Mondadori.
  69. Sennett R. (2008). L’uomo artigiano. Milano: Feltrinelli.
  70. Slowey M., Schuetze H. (2012). Global perspectives on higher education and lifelong learners. Milton Park: Routledge.
  71. Spagnuolo G. (2014). Istruzione degli adulti: politiche e casi significativi sul territorio. Roma: ISFOL, I Libri del Fondo Sociale Europeo.
  72. Spagnuolo G. (2018). Istruzione, formazione e apprendimento permanente come diritti sociali. In: Anpal, XVIII Rapporto sulla formazione continua. Annualità 2016-2017. Roma: ANPAL Collana Biblioteca Anpal, 93-96.
  73. Spagnuolo G. (2019). Learning in adulthood: training to transitions and job skills. Form@re – Open Journal per la Formazione in Rete, 19 (2): 487-496.
  74. Steinke K. (2012). Implementing SDL as professional development in K-12. International Forum of Teaching & Studies, 8(1): 54-63.
  75. Steinke K., Bryan V.C. (2014). Adult learning in a digital age: Effective use of technologies for adult learners. In: Wang V.C. (eds.), Handbook of Research on Education and Technology in a Changing Society. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
  76. Touraine A. (2008). La globalizzazione e la fine del sociale. Milano: Il Saggiatore.
  77. Touraine A. (2010). Après la crise. Paris: Édition du Seuil.
  78. UNESCO (2016). Education for people & planet: creating sustainable futures for all. Paris: Unesco Publishing. -- https://en.unesco.org/gem-report/report/2016/education-people-and-planet-creating-sustainable-futures-all.
  79. Vandenbroucke F. (1999). The Active Welfare State. A European ambition, Lecture Den Uyl, Amsterdam, 13 December.
  80. Vanek J. (2017). Using the PIAAC Framework for Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments to Guide Instruction: An Introduction for Adult Educators. Washington, DC. -- https://edtech.worlded.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/PSTRE_Guide_Vanek_2017.pdf.
  81. Wain K. (2001). Lifelong Learning: Small Adjustments or Paradigmatic Shift?. In: Aspin D., Chapman J., Hatton M., Sawano Y. (eds.), International Handbook of Lifelong Learning. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 183-198.
  82. Weick E. (2004). Senso e significato nell’organizzazione. Milano: Raffello Cortina Editore.
  83. Wenger E. (2006). Comunità di pratica. Apprendimento, significato e identità. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
  84. Wildemeersch D., Salling Olesen H. (2012). The effects of policies for the education and learning of adults, from adult education to lifelong learning, from emancipation to empowerment. European journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults (3)2: 97-101.

Barbara Barabaschi, Alessia Forti, Giovanna Spagnuolo, Politiche, pratiche formative e competenze per l’occupabilità degli adulti nell’era digitale in "SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO " 156/2020, pp 47-72, DOI: 10.3280/SL2020-156003