L’impulsività nel disturbo da deficit di attenzione e iperattività (DDAI) e nel disturbo da uso di sostanze (DUS)

Titolo Rivista QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA
Autori/Curatori Federica Russo, Emiliana Stendardo, Carlo Buonanno
Anno di pubblicazione 2017 Fascicolo 2017/41
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 17 P. 35-51 Dimensione file 120 KB
DOI 10.3280/QPC2017-041003
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L’impulsività è un tratto di personalità caratterizzato da una predisposizione a emettere azioni rapide e spesso premature, senza appropriate considerazioni sulle ripercussioni future. Recenti sviluppi nell’ambito delle neuroscienze hanno evidenziato la multicomponenzialità dell’impulsività distinguendo l’impulsività motoria (l’inabilità a frenare una risposta motoria impellente), dall’impulsività decisionale (preferire ricompense immedia- te e piccole a fronte di ricompense più consistenti ma ritardate nel tempo) e dall’incapacità a mantenere il focus attentivo (attenzione sostenuta). Ciascuna di queste componenti è caratterizzata da specifici correlati neurali e risponde a trattamenti farmacologici ben precisi. Inoltre, dall’analisi fattoriale condotta sulla Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), il questionario self report più utilizzato in clinica per misurare l’impulsività, è emersa la pre- senza delle tre sottocomponenti. In tale articolo definiremo le tre sottocomponenti, descrivendo i diversi strumenti di laboratorio utilizzati per misurarle e, attraverso un’attenta ana- lisi della letteratura, andremo ad analizzare tali costrutti nel DDAI e nel DUS. Termineremo con una breve rassegna delle tecniche utilizzate nelle terapie cognitivo-comportamentali ad oggi disponibili che possano aiutare il terapeuta e il paziente a gestire i diversi tipi di impulsività.;

Keywords:Disturbo da deficit dell’attenzione e iperattività (DDAI), disturbo da uso di sostanze (DUS), impulsività, terapia cognitivo-comportamentale.

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Federica Russo, Emiliana Stendardo, Carlo Buonanno, L’impulsività nel disturbo da deficit di attenzione e iperattività (DDAI) e nel disturbo da uso di sostanze (DUS) in "QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA" 41/2017, pp 35-51, DOI: 10.3280/QPC2017-041003