Shaping the attachment theory

Journal title PSICOBIETTIVO
Author/s Mauricio Cortina, Giovanni Liotti
Publishing Year 2018 Issue 2018/3
Language Italian Pages 14 P. 55-68 File size 124 KB
DOI 10.3280/PSOB2018-003006
DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation click here

Below, you can see the article first page

If you want to buy this article in PDF format, you can do it, following the instructions to buy download credits

Article preview

FrancoAngeli is member of Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA), a not-for-profit association which run the CrossRef service enabling links to and from online scholarly content.

Towards a multi-motivational model of human nature SUMMARY. The Attachment theory not only highlights developmental issues and clinical phenomena, such as the formation of attachment ties, separation anxiety and loss, which are evaluated through new perspectives; it also generated a research program that has confirmed fundamental premises of the theory as well as enriched and expanded the theory with new empirical findings. This essay is organized in four parts, the third and the fourth will be published in the next issue (24/2007). In the first part the authors lay out the basic structure of the Attachment theory and compare it with other motivational systems. In the second part they propose a multi-motivational model of human nature proposing a taxonomy of human motivation in an evolutionary perspective. In order to develop a comprehensive view of human motivation, the essay answers two key questions: 1) What are the characteristics of our species that make us unique? 2) How do these emerging properties modify the foundation of the motivational systems that connect us to other mammals and primates?

Keywords: Attachment Theory; Motivational Systems; Multi-Motivational System; Evolutionary Perspective.

  1. Kroeger A.L. (1941) Anthropology, Hartcourt Brace, New York
  2. Kuhn S.L., Stiner M.C. (2001) “The antiquity of hunter-gatherers”, in Panter Brick K., Layton R.H., Rowly-Conway P. (eds.), Hunter-Gatherers. A Interdisciplinary Perspective, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 99-142
  3. LeDoux J. (1996) The Emotional Brain, Simon and Schuster, New York
  4. Bahrick L.A., Hernandez-Reif M., Pickens J.N. (2002) “Attention and memory of faces and action in infancy. The salience of actions over faces in dynamic events”, Child Development, 73: 1629-43. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.0049
  5. Boehm C. (1999) Hierarchy in the Forest. The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
  6. Bowlby J. (1969) Attachment, Basic Books, New York
  7. Bowlby J. (1973) Separation, Anxiety and Anger, Basic Books, New York
  8. Bowlby J. (1980) Attachment and Loss, Basic Books, New York
  9. Byrne R.W., Whitten A. (1988) Machiavellian Intelligence. Social expertise and the evolution of intelligence in monkeys, apes and humans, Oxford University Press, New York
  10. Cortina M., Marrone M. (eds.) (2003) Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process, Whurr, London
  11. de Wall B.M. (1982) Chimpanzee politics, Harper and Row, New York
  12. de Wall F. (1989) Peacemaking Among the Apes, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
  13. Diamone N., Marrone M. (2003) Attachment and Intersubjectivity, Whurr Publishers, London
  14. Edelman G.M. (1987) Neuronal Darwinism, Basic Books, New York
  15. Edelman G.M. (1989) The remembered present. A biological theory of consciousness, Basic Books, New York
  16. Edelman G.M. (1992) Bright air, Brilliant Fire. On Matters of the Mind, Basic Books, New York Flack J.S., de Wall B.M. (2002) “‘Any Animal Whatever’ Darwinian Building Blocks of Morality in Monkeys and Apes”, in Katz D. (ed.), Evolutionary Origin of Morality. Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives, Imprint Academic, Bowling Green, (OH), pp. 1-29
  17. Fodor J. (1994) The elm and the expert: mentalese and its semantics, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
  18. Freud S. (1926) Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety, Standard Edition, Hogarth Press, London
  19. Fromm E., Maccoby M. (1973) Social Character in a Mexican Villane, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
  20. Gilbert P. (1989) Human Nature and Suffering, LEA, New York
  21. Goodall J. (1986) The Chimpanzees of Gombe. Patterns of Behavior, Harvard University Press, Belknap Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  22. Hare B., Tomasello M. (2004) “Chimpanzees are much more skillful in competitive than in cooperative cognitive tests”, Animal Behavior, 68: 571-81.
  23. Katz L.D. (ed.) (2002) Evolutionary Origins of Morality. Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives, Imprint Academic, Bowling Green (OH)
  24. Knouft B.M. (2000) “Symbols, sex and morality of the evolution of human morality”, in Katz L.D. (ed.), Evolutionary Origin of Morality. Cross-Disciplinary Perspective, Imprint Academic, Bowling Green (OH), pp. 130-89
  25. Lichtenberg J.D. (1989) Psychoanalysis and Motivation, The Analytic Press, Hillsdale, NJ
  26. MacLean P.D. (1985) The Triune Brain in Development, Plenum, New York
  27. Moore J. (2002) “Morality and the elephant. Prosocial Behavior, normativity and fluctuating alliances”, in Katz D. (ed.), Evolutionary Origin of Morality. Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives, Imprint Academic, Bowleen Green, OH, pp. 52-5
  28. Shore A.L. (1994) Affect Regulation and the Origins of the Self, Laurence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
  29. Shore A.L. (2003) Affect Dysregulation and the Origins of the Self, W.W. Norton, New York
  30. Sober E., Wilson D.S. (1998) Unto Others. The Evolution and Psychology ofUnselfish Behavior, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  31. Sroufe L.A. (1996) Emotional Development. The Organization of Emotional Life in the Early Years, Cambridge University Press, New York
  32. Sroufe L.A., Egeland B., Carlson E., Collins W.A. (2005) The Development of the Person. The Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation from Birth to Adulthood, The Guilford Press, New York Stern D.N. (2004) The Present Moment in Psychotherapy and Everyday Life, W.W. Norton & Company, New York
  33. Tattersall I. (1998) Becoming Human. Evolution and Human Uniqueness, Hartcourt Brace, New York
  34. Tattersall I. (2001) The Human Odyssey. Four Million Years of Evolution, iUniverse.com Inc., New York
  35. Tattersall I., Schwartz J.H. (2000) Extinct Humans, Westview Press, New York
  36. Tomasello M. (1999) The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
  37. Tomasello M., Carpenter M., Call J., Behne T., Henrike M. (2005) “Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28: 675-735. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X0500012
  38. Tomkins S.S. (1962) Affect, Imagery, Consciousness. Vol. I The Positive Affects, Sprinter, New York
  39. Troy M., Sroufe L.A. (1987) “Victimization among preschoolers. Role of relationship history”, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 20: 166-72
  40. Weinfield N.S., Sroufe L.A., Egeland B., Carlson E. (1999) “The nature of individual differences in infant-caregiving attachment”, in Cassidy J., Shaver P.R. (eds.), Handbook of Attachment. Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, Guilford Press, New York, pp. 68-88

Mauricio Cortina, Giovanni Liotti, Costruzioni sulla teoria dell’attaccamento Verso un modello multi-motivazionale della natura umana in "PSICOBIETTIVO" 3/2018, pp 55-68, DOI: 10.3280/PSOB2018-003006