Il rapporto tra ipnosi ed ESP: una rassegna scientifica dal 1945 ad oggi

Titolo Rivista IPNOSI
Autori/Curatori Lorenzo Di Risio
Anno di pubblicazione 2016 Fascicolo 2016/2
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 20 P. 41-60 Dimensione file 251 KB
DOI 10.3280/IPN2016-002003
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

Il presente lavoro intende analizzare il concetto di ESP, denominata percezione extra-sensoriale (Rhine, 1934) e per verificare, attraverso gli studi condotti nel settore, se possa essere stata rilevata o meno qualche tipo di relazione con l’ipnosi. Verrà posta attenzione sulla nascita di quella che è stata la disciplina che maggiormente si è interessata al rapporto tra l’essere umano e il manifestarsi di determinati fenomeni legati a particolari abilità delle persone: la parapsicologia. Successivamente sarà studiato il concetto di ESP: cosa è e come agisce e come è stata classificata secondo i ricercatori. Il terzo ed il quarto paragrafo entrano più nello specifico analizzando la presunta connessione che intercorre tra l’ipnosi e il manifestarsi di abilità ESP proprio durante la trance ipnotica. Saranno riportati quindi i risultati, in un percorso storico-temporale, delle principali ricerche scientifiche sull’argomento, effettuate in laboratorio sotto strette condizioni di controllo; risultati che, in alcuni casi, sembrerebbero corroborare tale relazione positiva; in altri, viceversa, sembrerebbero smentirla. Infine, i risultati delle ricerche prese in esame saranno poi discussi nell’ultimo paragrafo.;

Keywords:ESP, percezione extra-sensoriale, ipnosi, parapsicologia

  1. American Psychiatric Association (2014). DSM 5-Manuale Diagnostico e statistico dei Disturbi Mentali. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  2. Alvarado C. (1998). ESP and altered states of consciousness: An overview of conceptual and research trends. Journal of Parapsychology, (62): 27-63.
  3. Bandler R., Grindler J. (1981). Ipnosi e trasformazione. La programmazione neurolinguistica e la struttura dell’ipnosi. Roma: Astrolabio.
  4. Bem D.J., Honorton C. (1994). Does psi exist? Replicable evidence for an anomalous process of information transfer. Psychological Bulletin, (115): 4-18.
  5. Braud W.E, Braud L. (1973). Preliminary explorations of psi-conductive state: progressive muscolar relaxation. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, (67): 26-46. DOI: 10.3758/BF03333412
  6. Braud W.E., Braud L. (1974). Further studies of relaxation as a psi-conductive state. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, (68): 229-245. DOI: 10.3758/BF03333412
  7. Cardeña E. (1998). Dissociation and PSI: What are the links?, in Zingrone N.L., Schlitz M.J., Alvarado C.S., Milton J., a cura di, Research in Parapsychology. Lanham: Scarecrow Press.
  8. Cardeña E. (2014). Hypnos and psiche: how hypnosis has contribuited to the study of consciousness. Psychology of Consciousness: theory, research and practice, 1(2): 123-138;
  9. Casler L. (1962). The improvement of Clairvoyance scores by means of hypnotic suggestions. Journal of Parapsychology, (26): 77-87.
  10. Casler L. (1964). The effect of Hypnosis on GESP. Journal of Parapsychology, (28): 126-134.
  11. Cassoli Brunilde, Cassoli Piero (2000). La Parapsicologia. Milano: Xenia.
  12. Crabtree A. (2012). Hypnosis reconsidered, resituated, and redefined. Journal of Scientific Exploration, (26): 297-327.
  13. Crookes W. (1932). Ricerche sui fenomeni dello “spiritualismo” e altri scritti. Milano: Libreria Lombarda.
  14. Davis R. (1969). The effect of hypnosis upon scoring ability in tasks involving extra sensory perception, M.A. Thesys: University of Denver.
  15. Del Prete G., Tressoldi P. (2005). Anomalous cognition in hypnagogic state whit obe induction: an experimental study. Journal of Parapsychology, (2): 329-339.
  16. Dingwall E. (1967). Abnormal Hypnotic Phenomena Vol. 1: Survey of 19th century cases. London: Harcourt Brace Churchill Livingstone.
  17. Edmund S., Jolliffe D. (1965). A GESP esperiment with four hypnotized subject. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, (43): 192-194.
  18. Erickson Milton H. (1980). Opere Volume I. La natura dell’Ipnosi e della suggestione. Roma: Astrolabio.
  19. Fahler J. (1957). ESP card tests with and without hypnosis. Journal of Parapsichology, (21): 179-185.
  20. Fahler J., Cadoret J. (1958). ESP card tests of Collegge students with and without hypnosis, Journal of Parapsichology, (22): 125-136.
  21. Forrest D. (1999). A history of Hypnosis. London: Penguin books.
  22. Genovese J.E.C. (2005). Paranormal beliefs, schizotypy and thinking styles among teachers and future teachers. Personality and Individual Differences, (39): 93-102.
  23. Glisky M.L., Tataryn D.J., Tobias B.A., Kihlstrom J.F., McConkey K.M. (1991), Absorption, openness to experience, and hypnotisability. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, (60): 263-272. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.263
  24. Granone F. (1989). Trattato di Ipnosi – Volume I. Torino: Utet.
  25. Grela J. (1945). Effect of ESP scoring on hypnotically induced attitudes. Journal of Parapsychology, (9): 194-202.
  26. Honorton Ch. (1969). Relationship between EEG alpha activity and ESP in card-guessing performances. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, (63): 365-374.
  27. Honorton Ch., Krippner D. (1969). Hypnosis and ESP performance: A review of the experimental literature. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, (63): 214-252.
  28. Honorton Ch. (1997). The ganzfeld novice: Four predictors of initial psi performance. Journal of Parapsychology, (61): 143-158.
  29. Honorton Ch., Druker S.A., Hermon H. (1973). Shifts in subjective state and ESP under conditions of partial sensory deprivation: A preliminary study. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, (67): 191-196.
  30. Luke D. (2011). Presidential address: Experiential reclamation and first person psychology. Journal of Parapsychology, (75): 185-200.
  31. Marcusson D., Wasmuth J. (2008). Hypnotizability and belief in psi as a predictors of precognition, open artichle of Department of Psychology of Lund University.
  32. Milton J., Wiseman R. (1999). Does Psi exist? Lack of replication of an anomalous process of information transfer. Psychological Bulletin, 125(4): 387-391. DOI: 10.1037//0033-2909.125.4.387
  33. Moss T., Paulson M., Chang A., Levitt M. (1970). Hypnosis and ESP: a controller Experiment. The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 13(1): 46-56. DOI: 10.1080/00029157.1970.10402077
  34. Nadon R., Kihlstrom J. (1987). Hypnosis, psi, and the psychology of anomalous experience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10(4): 597-599. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X00054789
  35. Nash C., Durkin G. (1959). Terminal salience with multiple digit targets. Journal of Parapsychology, (23): 49-53.
  36. Papa D. (2006). Fenomeni paranormali e sintomi psichiatrici. Rivista di psichiatria del Dipartimento di Scienze Psichiatriche e Medicina Psicologica. (41): 355-370. DOI: 10.1708/193.2011
  37. Parker A., Millar B. (2014). Revealing psi secrets: Successful experimenters appear to succeed by using their own psi. Journal of Parapsychology, (78): 39-85.
  38. Parker A. (2015a). The jungle of hypnotic Psi: part 1. Research on Hypnosis relevant to psi. Journal of Parapsychology, 79(1): 20-36.
  39. Parker A. (2015b). The jungle of hypnotic Psi: part 2. Research on relationship between hypnosis and psi. Journal of Parapsychology, 79(1): 37-52.
  40. Parra A., Argibay J.C. (2013). A free response ESP test in two hypnotic susceptibility groups: A pilot study. Australian Journal of Parapsychology, 13 (1): 27-35.
  41. Pekala R.J., Kumar V.K., Cummins J. (1992). Types of hypnotically susceptible individuals and reported attitudes and experiences of the paranormal and the anomalous. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, (86): 135-150.
  42. Rainville P., Price, D.D. (2003). Hypnosis phenomenology and the neurobiology of consciousness. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, (51):105-129.
  43. Rao R. (1964). Three differential response in three new situation. Journal of Parapsychology, (28): 81-92.
  44. Ravaldini S. (1993). Ernesto Bozzano e la ricerca psichica. Roma: Mediterranee.
  45. Rhine J.B. (1934). Extra-sensory perception. Boston: Boston Society for Psychic Research.
  46. Rhine J.B. (1946). Hypnotic suggestion in PK tests. Journal of Parapsychology, (10): 126-140.
  47. Rogo S. (1986). I poteri paranormali. Come svilupparli e usarli. Roma: Mediterranee.
  48. Rosenthal R., Rabin D.B. (1978). Interpersonal expectancy effects: the first 345 studies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, (1): 377-86. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X00075506
  49. Ryzl M., Ryzlova J. (1962). A case of high scoring ESP performance in the Hypnotic state. Journal of Parapsychology, 26 (3): 153-171.
  50. Ryzl M. (1966). A method of training in ESP. International Journal of Parapsychology, (8): 501-532.
  51. Ryzl M. (1971). La parapsicologia. Roma: Mediterranee.
  52. Ryzl M. (1974). Ipnosi ed ESP. Roma: Mediterranee.
  53. Ryzl M. (1976 a). Manuale di Parapsicologia. Teoria e pratica. Roma: Mediterranee.
  54. Ryzl M. (1976 b). La percezione extrasensoriale. Roma: Mediterranee.
  55. Sargent C. (1978). Hypnosis as a psi-conductive state: a controlled replicated study. Journal of Parapsychology, (42): 257-275.
  56. Schechter E. (1984), Hypnotic induction vs. control conditions: illustrating an approach to the evaluation of replycability in Parapsychological data. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, (78): 1-27.
  57. Spanos N.P., Brett P.J., Menary E.P., Cross W.P. (1987). A measure of attitudes toward hypnosis: Relationships with absorption and hypnotic susceptibility. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, (30): 139-150. DOI: 10.1080/00029157.1987.10404174
  58. Stanford R., Stain A. (1994). A Meta-analisys of ESP studies contrasting hypnosis and a comparison condition. Journal of Parapsychology, (58): 235-269.
  59. Stephenson J. (1965). Cambridge ESP-Hypnosis experiments (1958-64). Journal of the Society for Psichical Research, (43): 77-91.
  60. Tellegen A., Atkinson G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and selfaltering experiences (“absorption”), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, (83): 268-277.
  61. Terhune D.B. (2010). Dissociation and heterogenity in high hypnotic suggestibility (Doctoral dissertation). Lund University, Sweden.
  62. Thalbourne M.A., French C. (1995). Paranormal belief, maniac-depressiveness and magical ideation: a replication. Personality and Individual Differences (18): 291-292. DOI: 10.1016/0191-8869(94)00146-J
  63. Van de Castle R. (1969). The facilitation of ESP through Hypnosis. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 12(1): 37-56, DOI: 10.1080/00029157.1969.10734303
  64. White R. (1964). A comparison of old and new methods of response to target in ESP experiments. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, (48): 21-56.
  65. Wright D.B., Loftus E.F. (1999). Measuring dissociation: Comparison of alternative forms of the Dissociative Experiences Scale. American Journal of Psychology, (112): 497-519. DOI: 10.2307/1423648.
  66. Beloff J., Mandelberg I. (1966). An attempted validation of the “Ryzl Technique” for training ESP subjects. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, (46): 29-49.

Lorenzo Di Risio, Il rapporto tra ipnosi ed ESP: una rassegna scientifica dal 1945 ad oggi in "IPNOSI" 2/2016, pp 41-60, DOI: 10.3280/IPN2016-002003