RISULTATI RICERCA

This article, based on unpublished archives, is devoted to the question: what was the impact of the decolonization of the Belgian Congo on Italian foreign policy (1957-1960)? Facing a shared reality with Belgium, the aim of this research is to study the attitude of Italian foreign policy, forced to maintain a balance between its position in the UN; its relations with Belgium; and the need to maintain influence, mainly through financial penetration, in the newly independent Congo.

The recent presidential elections in 2012 have shown that left-right cleavage was still dominant in France. The redistribution of political forces, strongly awaited by the center (but also by the extremes) did not take place. At the same time, the major issues, such the European unification, the future of the nation, the future of the Republic, the role of the state, continue to cross left and right fields, revealing other cleavages that meet other historical or philosophical contingencies. However, the left-right opposition in France structured contemporary political life, organizing political families, determining the meaning and practice of institutions. Thence, the question is to understand what defines these two political fields and what history brings to their knowledge since the French Revolution, or they are implemented

In 1905 Charles S. Peirce turned to the question of time as an opportunity to illustrate the power of pragmaticism, much as in 1878 he (after explicating hardness, weight, and force) took up the question of reality for the same purpose. While his later brief discussion of time is suggestive, the power of pragmaticism is hardly in full display. The aim of my essay is thus to take additional steps in the direction of a pragmaticist clarification of the irreducibly distinct yet inseparably interwoven dimensions of time. That is, it is to add to what Peirce himself claimed regarding, past, present, and future.

In questo articolo l’autore, partendo dai contributi forniti dai più importanti fenomenologi, cerca di spiegare come l’atteggiamento fenomenologico, inscritto in una prospettiva di campo, permetta alla diade terapeutica di evolversi, trasformando il mondo vissuto del paziente. Rias-sumendo l’atteggiamento fenomenologico essenzialmente come una disposizione ad ascoltare in funzione della situazione, descrive come l’esperienza del terapeuta viene di conseguenza modificata. Quando il terapeuta è impegnato in un atteggiamento fenomenologico, vive una polarizzazione tra ascolto e riflessione, in cui si alternano la funzione es e le funzioni io e per-sonalità. Ciò modifica la matrice intersoggettiva e quindi l’esperienza del paziente, che si apre a nuove possibilità di azione, rendendo il cambiamento profondo e duraturo.

Attraverso oltre settant’anni di esperienza clinica tra Stati Uniti e Italia, Vincent Alfred Morrone racconta, in queste pagine, la sua personale elaborazione del modello di Karen Horney, applicato all’individuo e al gruppo. L’autore consegna al lettore un’eredità teorica e clinica che pone al centro l’autenticità come fondamento dell’incontro analitico, sottolineando come la formazione teorica, l’analisi personale, l’esperienza clinica e la supervisione contribuiscano a una crescita umana e professionale autentica.

Recently gluten-free products are becoming very popular among consumers. Gluten-free market is expanding rapidly due to the increasing number of people affected by celiac disease but moreover non-celiac consumers are embracing the gluten-free diet. Given these advancements, it is necessary to understand the reasons and beliefs behind food choices made by non-celiac consumers and compare their choices to celiac patients. The current research is very limited, hence further research is needed to generalize and better understand the relation gluten-free-non celiac consumers and comparisons. Thus, this research aims to give an overview of the gluten-free sector by taking into account perceptions of consumers, retailers and institutional actors. In order to fulfill this objective semi structured interviews were undertaken with consumers and retailers in Bologna, Italy. Furthermore, one representative of Celiac Association was also interviewed for this qualitative study. The results showed that most of the concerns regarding gluten free products are related to their low sensorial performance, high prices and low nutritional values. Moreover, it was seen that sometimes non-celiac consumers lack knowledge about gluten free food and diet, believing some myths which are not scientifically proven. Finally, it is necessary that future research focuses also on understanding glute-free choices by non-celiac consumers and ways to direct them into healthier food choices. .

This paper looks at the changing communication environment of public sector organizations and examines how the traditional understanding of citizen engage-ment is becoming outdated. Building on literature on customer engagement from marketing and civic engagement from the field of political science, this article es-tablishes the process of citizen engagement in the public sector. Our propositions for future citizen engagement include the following: (i) a willingness and empow-erment to engage from both sides, (ii) the potential for either positive or negative manifestations, (iii) realistic expectations for outcomes, (iv) an understanding of its process-form and (v) having the aim of improving society. We tested these propo-sitions in the context of young opinion leaders in Finland in the Covid-19 related communication aiming to engage citizens to wear protective face masks. Our data confirmed the five propositions, and two new ones also emerged from the data: citizen engagement (vi) occurs in the global information environment and (vii) is enforced by others in society.

This study aims to increase the understanding of how employees in different or-ganizational contexts and hierarchical levels explain and appreciate, i.e. under-stand, their organisation’s reward systems. Two different schools of thought have dominated the debate of how to conceptualize the role of rewards in performance management and organisation psychology literature: agency theory and self-determination theory. This study combines these schools and take both monetary aspects into account in line with what is prescribed in agency theory and more non-financial aspects that self-determination consider. The study applies a case study approach based on interviews and publicly available information from five Finnish organisations. The organisations analysed operate in different sectors, have different organisational structures, and use different reward systems. From a careful investigation of the five different organisations, a cross-sectional picture emerges showing the role of reward systems in companies, and their perceived importance as management control tools. The findings show that reward transpar-ency and fair communication are the most significant factors affecting the experi-ence of employees towards performance-based management control system that is used to allocate rewards. Monetary rewards should also be complemented and linked with social non-financial rewards to reach the decent management control acceptance and understanding in the organisation.

Dodo is a Finnish Ngo which works for the environment and has been interested in urban agriculture since 2009. Since then, the practice of urban agriculture has become widespread and has become an integral part of the city landscape in Helsinki, as it has in the whole world. Dodo works as a catalyst for selfmanaged ‘urban farm’ projects and urban gardens, encouraging citizens to reclaim areas in their neighbourhoods and in abandoned areas of the city. The initiatives carried forward so far have generated greater community cohesion and triggered the birth of new systems of local and biological production. In Scandinavia, where the growing season is very short, the climate represents the most interesting challenge, but so far it has discouraged neither the experts nor the beginners. This paper recounts the origin and the spread of this movement through a reading of three examples in the city of Helsinki.