LIBRI DI MASSIMO PENDENZA

Il rapporto tra le società e le guerre è a due vie e la lettura sociologica ha permesso di attraversare in profondità i processi che hanno cambiato il volto della guerra e fatto emergere nuove forme, nuovi attori, nuove barbarie. Nel tentativo di fare luce sulla complessità di queste dinamiche, il volume affronta il fenomeno sociale della guerra e riflette criticamente sulla molteplicità delle dimensioni che essa abbraccia nello scenario storico del XX e del XXI secolo.

Questo volume raccoglie una parte del risultato corale del convegno, tenutosi presso l’Università di Salerno (3-4 ottobre 2019), dal titolo La lezione weberiana sulla professione politica e i suoi insegnamenti per l’attualità. A 100 anni dalla conferenza di Monaco su La politica come professione: un testo, notevolmente rielaborato da Max Weber nei mesi successivi e pubblicato nell’estate del 1919, che probabilmente esprime nel modo più esplicito le prese di posizione ultime di Weber sulla politica e sul mondo.

The article contains considerations on a survey conducted on high-school students, and is aimed at emphasizing the role of trust as a way in which individuals build up their autonomy. Three main topics are taken into account: how much trust students have in their school (reliability) and in their teachers (trusting relationship), the role of teachers as points of access to the school system, and acknowledgement as a form of a successful trustworthy relationship. The thesis sustained argues that trust is a necessary condition to build autonomy in an individual, since it is the means by which others are recognized as capable of deciding and taking action on our behalf. Trust is in fact an irreplaceable means for consenting to the freedom of others, since when the other person is considered trustworthy, we give into the way in which he or she will responsibly use their freedom with us.

The vast scientific literary work on social capital (SC), that appeared in the last decade in Italy, has provided useful empirical material to work on, in order to formulate more convincing definitions for this concept. The lemma SC often comes up in the headlines, together with a variety of words that distinguish areas of interest or disciplinary sectors. The aim of this article was to make use of such association; to recover, through tools and statistical techniques, typical of the Correspondence Analysis on a Lexical Table, information on the recurrent use of lemmas in a specific disciplinary context, in order to build up vocabulary around the lemma Social Capital; and to identify the dimensions of the SC with a view to its next operational translation. The interpretation of these latent dimensions, together with the help of a grid, built around the difference the specific characteristics of form and those of context, have allowed the identification of specific types of CS. In this way according to the form we can distinguish a collective CS from an individual one and, accordig to the context, a territorial (local) SC from a civic one and a personal SC from a reticular one (the first two refer to the collective SC and the last two to the individual one). The analysis shows that each one finds a correspondent in different disciplinary fields. The taxonomy created has, than, been extended with the addition of a third form of SC, called relational, which has been identified in the reserve of suggestions present in literature and has not emerged from the semantic analysis of the lemmas, since it still hasn’t been spread.