Food and the garden city

Journal title TERRITORIO
Author/s Susan Parham
Publishing Year 2021 Issue 2020/95
Language English Pages 10 P. 53-62 File size 731 KB
DOI 10.3280/TR2020-095006
DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation click here

Below, you can see the article first page

If you want to buy this article in PDF format, you can do it, following the instructions to buy download credits

Article preview

FrancoAngeli is member of Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA), a not-for-profit association which run the CrossRef service enabling links to and from online scholarly content.

The theme of food is central to Ebenezer Howard’s garden city model and today has wider resonances for sustainable placemaking in the context of the climate emergency. This exploration of food and the garden city uses morphological, historical and contemporary sources to examine the planning and urban design interplay of garden cities and food, past and present. It focuses primarily on the experience of Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City, but draws on other garden settlement examples from Europe, the Americas, and the Middle East to understand more about Howard’s original food vision and the ways that this has been variously adapted, diminished, distorted and rediscovered. Concluding with a brief review of Letchworth Garden City’s recent food practice, it is argued that Howard’s very thoroughly worked through food proposals remain fresh.

Keywords: Howard; garden-city; food

  1. Allweil Y., Zemer N., 2019, «Housing-Based Urban Planning? Sir Patrick Geddes’ Modern Masterplan for Tel Aviv, 1925». Urban Planning, 4, 3: 167-185.
  2. Almandoz A., 2004, «The garden city in early twentieth-century Latin America». Urban History, 31, 3: 437-452.
  3. Almandoz A., 2003, «The Emergence of Modern Town Planning in Latin America – after a Historiographic Review». Finnish research seminar on Latin America, Helsinki 22.5.
  4. André A., Parham S., 2019, «Food economy and Garden City legacy: Letchworth Garden City in our present day Part 1». Letchworth: International Garden Cities Institute. -- www.gardencitiesinstitute.com/think-piece/food-economy-and-garden-city-legacy-letchworth-gardencity-in-our-present-day (access: 2020.07.13).
  5. André A., 2020, «Food economy and Garden City legacy: Letchworth Garden City in our present day Part 2». Letchworth: International Garden Cities Institute. -- www.gardencitiesinstitute.com/think-piece/food-economy-and-garden-city-legacy-letchworth-garden-city-in-ourpresent-day-0 (access: 2020.07.13).
  6. Angotti-Salgueiro H., Simões Junior J.G., 2020, «Crossing histories: Brazilian planners of São Paulo and their transnational references (1910-1930)». Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana, 12.
  7. Aalen F., 1992, «English Origins». In: Ward S. (ed.), Garden Cities, Past Present and Future. Oxford: Alexandrine Press.
  8. Barnes T.J., Minca C., 2013, «Nazi Spatial Theory: The Dark Geographies of Carl Schmitt and Walter Christaller». Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 103, 3.
  9. Ben-Joseph E., Gordon D., 2000, «Hexagonal Planning in Theory and Practice ». Journal of Urban Design, 5, 3, 237-265. DOI: 10.1080/713683965
  10. Birch E., 2002, «Five Generations of the Garden City». In: Parsons K.C., Schuyler D. (eds.),
  11. From Garden Cities to Green Cities. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 171-200.
  12. Borden I., 1999, «Social space and cooperative housekeeping in the English garden city». Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 16, 3: 242-257. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-19122-2_5
  13. Bordiu C.C., Lock K., 2021, «The Forgotten Pioneers – Celebrating the Women of the Garden City Movement». London: Town and Country Planning Association. www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.
  14. ashx?IDMF=fe907846-2786-46e0-b5f2-c0901db06345 (access: 2021.02.20).
  15. Cash, Alan, https://cashewnut.me.uk/WGCbooks/web-WGCbooks-1925-1.php#III-VI0 (access: 2020.07.03).
  16. Devereux M., 2015, «International Interpretations of the Garden City Ideal: Lessons for Placemaking». Urban Design, 134: 32-34.
  17. Dines M., 2016, Garden Cities of the Americas: Greenbelt and El Palomar, a Comparative Case Study on the Model’s Translation to the American Continents.Thesis, University of Miami.
  18. Duany A., 2011, Garden Cities: Theory and Practice of Agrarian Urbanism. London: The Prince’s Foundation.
  19. Fehl G., 2005, «The Nazi garden city». In: Stephen W. (ed.), The Garden City: Past, Present and Future. London: Routledge, 88-106.
  20. Freestone R., 2011, «Reconciling Beauty and Utility in Early City Planning: The Contribution of John Nolen». Journal of Urban History, 37, 2: 256-277. DOI: 10.1177/0096144210391594
  21. Fulton W., 2002, «The Garden Suburb and the New Urbanism». In: Parsons K.C., Schuyler D. (eds.), From Garden City to Green City.
  22. The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 159-170.
  23. Gaast (van der) K.H., Leeuwen (van) E.S., Wertheim-Heck S.C.O., 2020, «City-Region Food Systems and Second Tier Cities: From Garden Cities to Garden Regions», Sustainability, 12/6: 2532.
  24. Gallanter E., 2012, «Ciudad Jardin Lomas del Palomar: Deriving Ecocity Design Lessons from a Garden City», Planning Perspectives, 27: 297-307. DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2012.654973
  25. Hall P.G., Ward C., 1998, Sociable cities: the legacy of Ebenezer Howard. Chichester: J. Wiley.
  26. Hayden D., 1982, The grand domestic revolution: A history of feminist designs for American homes, neighborhoods, and cities. Cambridge, Mass.: mit Press.
  27. Howard E., 1898, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform. London: Swan Sonnenschein. Howard E., 1902, Garden Cities of Tomorrow. London: Faber.
  28. Johnson K., 1996, Gardener’s City. A History of the Letchworth Allotments and Horticultural Association 1906-1996. Letchworth: Letchworth Allotments and Horticultural Association.
  29. Kafkoula K., 2013, «On garden-city lines: looking into social housing estates of interwar Europe» Planning Perspectives, 28, 2: 171-198.
  30. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, 2015, «Modern Character Area Design Principles in Letchworth Garden City», Brochure. Letchworth. -- www.letchworth.com/sites/default/files/documents/2019-05/let_7391_modern_character_brochure_june2019_v8.pdf (access: 2020.07.13).
  31. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, undated, «Historic Shops», Leaflet. Letchworth: Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation. -- www.letchworth.com/sites/default/files/attachments/historic_shops_leaflet_r_0.pdf (access: 2020.07.13).
  32. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, undated, «Allotments, garages and storage». Letchworth. -- www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/property-to-let/allotments-garages-and-caravan-storage (access: 2020.07.13).
  33. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, undated, «Design Competition ». Letchworth. -- www.letchworth.com/design-competition (access: 2020.07.13).
  34. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, 2018, Blog. Letchworth. -- www.letchworth.com/blog/examining-the-food-economy-of-letchworth-garden-city (access: 2020.07.13).
  35. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, undated, «Greenway». Letchworth. -- www.greenway.org.uk/news/around-450-trees-be-planted-new-orchard (access: 2020.07.13).
  36. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, undated, «RHS». -- Letchworth. www.letchworth.com/blog/examining-the-food-economy-of-letchworth-garden-city (access: 2020.07.13).
  37. Macedo J., 2011, «Maringá: a British Garden City in the tropics». Cities, 28, 4: 347-359.
  38. McGrego, A., 2009, Grand Obsessions: The Life and Work of Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin. Melbourne: Lantern.
  39. Miller M., 2002a, «British and American community design». In: Parsons K.C., Schuyler D. (eds.), From Garden City to Green City. The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  40. Miller M., 2002b, «Garden cities and suburbs: at home and abroad». Journal of Planning History, 1, 1: 6-28. DOI: 10.1177/153851320200100102
  41. Miller M., 2012, «Barry Parker: before and after Jardim America». 15th IPHS Conference, São Paulo, Brazil, 15-18 July.
  42. Miller M., 2002, «Origins of the garden city residential neighborhood».
  43. In: Parsons K.C., Schuyler D. (eds.), From Garden City to Green City. The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard: Baltimore-London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  44. Mualam N., 2017, «Geddes resurrected: The legacy of Sir Patrick Geddes in contemporary urban planning». Landscape and Urban Planning, 166: 57-70.
  45. O’Brien M., 2015, «John Nolen and Raymond Unwin: Garden City Collaborators »: Athens Journal of Architecture, 1, 1: 9-24.
  46. Palisse J.P., 2013, «Consigned to urban history books or models for the future? The garden city of La Butte-Rouge at Châtenay-Malabry». In: Garden cities, an ideal to be pursued. Les Cahiers de l’IAU îdF, 165 - April 2013.
  47. Parham S., 2020, «Food and Welwyn Garden City – prescribing a sociable future?». Town and Country Planning Association Journal, 89: 238-241.
  48. Parham S., 2018, «A Gastrosophial Feast», Blog. Plymouth: Plymouth University. -- http://blogs.plymouth.ac.uk/imaginingalternatives/2018/10/23/a-gastrosophical-feast-by-susan-parham/ (access: 2020.07.13).
  49. Parham S., 2017a, «Garden Cities In Brazil», Pamphlet. Letchworth: International Garden Cities Institute. -- www.gardencitiesinstitute.com/publication/garden-cities-in-brazil (access: 2020.07.13).
  50. Parham S., 2017b, «Garden Cities In Argentina», Pamphlet. Letchworth: International Garden Cities Institute. -- www.gardencitiesinstitute.com/publication/garden-cities-in-argentina (access: 2020.07.13).
  51. Parham S., 2016, «Shrinking Cities and Food: Place-making for Sustainable Renewal, Reuse and Retrofit». In: Neill W. J., Schlappa H. (eds.), Future Directions for the European Shrinking City. London: Routledge.
  52. Parham S., McCabe B., 2016, Making Space for Food in Hatfield. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press. -- www.herts.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/154185/Food-in-Hatfield-low-res.pdf (access: 2020.07.13).
  53. Parham S., 2015, Food and Urbanism: The Convivial City and a Sustainable Future. London-New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  54. Parham S., 2013a, “Shaping sustainable urbanism: are garden cities the answer?” Conference paper. Shaping Canberra: The Lived Experience of Place, Home and Capital, Canberra. Humanities Research Centre.
  55. Parham S., 2013b, «Letchworth Town Debate Consultation Report». Centre for Sustainable Communities, University of Hertfordshire. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation. -- www.letchworth.com/sites/default/files/attachments/letchworth_town_debate_consultation_report.pdf.
  56. Parham S., 1992, «Conviviality by Design. Gastronomic Strategies for Australian Cities». Canberra. Urban Futures.
  57. Parham S., 1990, «The Table in Space: A Planning Perspective».Meanjin, 49, 2: 213.
  58. Payton, Neal I., 1995, «The machine in the garden city: Patrick Geddes’ plan for Tel Aviv». Planning Perspectives, 10, 4: 359-381. DOI: 10.1080/02665439508725829
  59. Rego R. L., 2014, «Brazilian garden cities and suburbs: accommodating urban modernity and foreign ideals». Journal of Planning History, 13, 4: 276-295. DOI: 10.1177/1538513214521582
  60. Sadoux S., Hardy M., Parham S., 2015, in: La transformation d’un outil geddessien: de la valley section au transect réparateur (Unpublished).
  61. Stephenson B., 2018, «Utopian Plans for the Modern World: John Nolen, Lewis Mumford, and the Origins of Sustainability». Journal of Planning History, 17, 4: 281-299. DOI: 10.1177/1538513218755498
  62. Talen E., 2008, «Beyond the front porch: regionalist ideals in the New Urbanist movement». Journal of Planning History, 7, 1: 20-47. DOI: 10.1177/1538513207307427
  63. Talen E., 2002, «Help for urban planning: the transect strategy». Journal of Urban Design, 7, 3, 293-312. DOI: 10.1080/1357480022000039349
  64. tcpa, 2012, «Creating garden cities and suburbs today. Policies, practices, partnerships and model approaches – a report of the garden cities and suburbs expert group». tcpa, May. -- www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=f7e5fc8a-0a55-4384-98bf-ab622771a346 (access: 2020.07.13).
  65. tcpa, 2019, «‘Edible Garden Cities’, tcpa Practical Guides – Guide 10». TCPA. -- www.tcpa.org.uk/tcpa-pgs-guide-10-ediblegc-download (access: 2020.07.13).
  66. Twigg J., 1981, «The Vegetarian Movement In England, 1847-1981: A Study In The Structure Of Its Ideology». -- www.ivu.org/history/thesis/education.html (access: 2020.07.13).
  67. urbed, 2014, «Uxcester Garden City. Wolfson Economics Prize 2014 –Final Stage Submission». -- http://urbed.coop/projects/wolfson-economic-prize (access:2020.07.13).
  68. Vernet N., Coste A., 2017, «Garden Cities of the 21st Century: A Sustainable Path to Suburban Reform», Urban Planning, 2,4: 181-196.
  69. Viljoen A., Bohn K., Howe J., 2012, eds., Continuous productive urban landscapes. Oxford: Architectural Press.
  70. Voigt, W., 1989, «The garden city as eugenic utopia». Planning Perspectives, 4, 3: 295-312. DOI: 10.1080/02665438908725685
  71. Ward S., 2016, The Peaceful Path: Building Garden Cities and New Towns. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.
  72. Ward S., 2005, The garden city: Past, present and future. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

  • Vertical Farm: from Agriculture to a New City Architecture Thomas Bisiani, Sara Basso, Pierluigi Martolana, Adriano Venudo, in FORUM A+P Interdisciplinary Journal of Architecture and Built Environment /2023 pp.70
    DOI: 10.37199/f410020015

Susan Parham, Food and the garden city in "TERRITORIO" 95/2020, pp 53-62, DOI: 10.3280/TR2020-095006