Protection of privacy in information technologies in the context of COVID-19: A comparative legal analysis of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the European Union

Journal title RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'
Author/s Gizat Kubenov, Serik K. Zhetpisov, Gulnar A. Alibayeva, Yuriy Yu. Kolesnikov, Ainash K. Kydralinova
Publishing Year 2023 Issue 2023/1
Language English Pages 27 P. 63-89 File size 125 KB
DOI 10.3280/RISS2023-001004
DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation click here

Below, you can see the article first page

If you want to buy this article in PDF format, you can do it, following the instructions to buy download credits

Article preview

FrancoAngeli is member of Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA), a not-for-profit association which run the CrossRef service enabling links to and from online scholarly content.

Today, the world community faces the arduous and responsible task of preventing the spread of the coronavirus disease COVID-19, which objectively requires the adoption of a complex of anti-epidemic (organizational, medical, administrative, and other) measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and to contain and elimi-nate this epidemic. At the same time, to a large extent, such measures are embod-ied in various forms of restrictions on the realization of civil, political, and other rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen, as well as to a certain extent there are encroachments on the inviolability of a person’s private life. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the state mechanisms of Ka-zakhstan and the European Union on legal support and security of personal data on the Internet, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine possible ways for their development and improvement. The research used dialecti-cal, historical-legal, formal-logical, comparative-legal, and special-legal research methods, and systemic-structural research methods, as well as the method of sys-temic analysis. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that it de-velops new scientific provisions, proposals, and recommendations that deepen the theoretical and practical foundations in the field of legal regulation of personal da-ta protection in information technologies during the pandemic in the European Un-ion in general and in the Republic of Kazakhstan in particular.

Keywords: privacy, COVID-19, privacy protection, privacy on the internet, Euro-pean Union.

  1. Ablameyko M.S. (2018). Legal regulation of personal data taking into account the introduction of ID cards and biometric passports. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Law, 1: 14-20.
  2. Chernyshev I.A. (2010). Legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Russia and the European Court of Human Rights: genesis and mutual influence. Tomsk: Tomsk State University.
  3. Council of Europe Committee of Ministers (2016). Recommendation CM/Rec (2016) 5 (1). -- Retrieved from: https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectId=09000016806415fa.
  4. Council of Europe (1950). Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. -- Retrieved from https://www.eods.eu/library/CoE_uropean%20Convention%20for%20the%20Protection%20of%20Human%20 Rights%20and%20Fundamental%20Freedoms_1950_EN.pdf.
  5. Council of Europe (1981). Convention on the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automated Processing of Personal Data (Convention 108). -- Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_326#Text.
  6. Council of Europe (2018a). About the roles and responsibilities of Internet intermediaries. -- Retrieved from: https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearch Services/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016808c6193.
  7. Council of Europe (2018b). Modernized Convention 108+. Retrieved from: https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectId=09000016807c65bf.
  8. Dechesne F., Sears A. M., Tani T. and Hof S. (2018). A comparison of data protection legislation and policies across the EU Bart Custers. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(2): 234-243.
  9. ECtHR, ‘K.U. v. Finland. Application no. 2872/02’ (HUDOC – European Court of Human Rights, 2 December 2008) -- https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#%22itemid%22:[%22001-89964%22]} accessed 2 December 2008.
  10. ECtHR, ‘Uzun v Germany. Application no. 35623/05’ (HUDOC – European Court of Human Rights, 2 September 2010) -- https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&id=003-3241790-3612154&filename=003-3241790-3612154.pdf} accessed 2 September 2010.
  11. European Parliament (1995). Directive 95/46/EC. -- Retrieved from: https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_242#Text.
  12. European Parliament (2016). Regulation 2016/679. General Data Protection Regulation. -- Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj.
  13. European Parliament (2016). Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council (EU) 2016/679. -- Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/984_008-16#Text.
  14. General Assembly (1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. -- Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_043#Text.
  15. Goddard M. (2017). The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): European regulation that has a global impact. International Journal of Market Research, 59(6): 703-705.
  16. Gracheva M.A. (2017). Features of the interpretation of the right to inviolability of private and family life, home and correspondence in European legal systems. Modern Science, 8(1-3): 8-15.
  17. Ilyubaev A.S., Pleskachev D.V. and Kusainova U.B. (2021). Recommendations for ensuring confidentiality on the Internet. NIR/S&R, 1(5): 41-44.
  18. Kashkin S. Yu. (2018). European Union Law: Textbook for Academic Bachelor’s Degree. Moscow: Yurayt Publishing House.
  19. Kazakh truth (2017). Internet and privacy of private life. -- Retrieved from: https://kazpravda.kz/n/internet-i-neprikosnovennost-chastnoy-zhizni/.
  20. Komarov S.A. and Mytskaya E.V. (2018). Legal responsibility for violation of the legislation on personal data in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Legal thought, 1: 52-61.
  21. Lozovaya O.V. (2015). Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of personal data protection: a comparative analysis with the law of the European Union. Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 1(37): 128-133.
  22. Macenaite M. (2017). From universal towards child-specific protection of the right to privacy online: Dilemmas in the EU General Data Protection Regulation. New Media & Society, 19(5): 765-779.
  23. Malgieri G. (2019). Automated decision-making in the EU Member States: The right to explanation and other “suitable safeguards” in the national legislations. Computer Law & Security Review, 35(5): 127-135.
  24. Mondschein C.F., & Monda C. (2019). The EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in a research context. Fundamentals of Clinical Data Science, 1: 55-71.
  25. Pankevich O.Z. (2018). The right to privacy: some current trends in the practice of the Strasbourg court. Socio-Legal Studies, 1: 23-30.
  26. Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1995). Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. -- Retrieved from https://online.zakon.kz/document/?doc_id=1005029.
  27. Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2013). Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On personal data and their protection” -- Retrieved from: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31396226.
  28. Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2015а). Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Access to Information” -- Retrieved from: https://online.zakon.kz/document/?doc_id=39415981.
  29. Rustad M.L. and Koenig T.H. (2019). Towards a global data privacy standard. Florida Law Review, 71, 365.
  30. Schwartz P.M. (2019). Global data privacy: The EU way. New York University Law Review, 94, 771.
  31. Shadrin S.A. (2019). Legal regulation of personal data protection in the European Union: genesis and development prospects. Kazan: Kazan Federal University.
  32. UN General Assembly (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. -- Retrieved from https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/udhr.pdf.
  33. UN General Assembly (1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. -- Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx.
  34. UN Security Council (2011). Resolution 1973. -- Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_j33#Text.
  35. Vabyshevich V.V. (2020). Experience of criminal law protection of personal data of Kazakhstan and Germany. Fighting crime: theory and practice, 1: 22-25.
  36. Vedaschi A., & Lubello V. (2015). Data retention and its implications for the fundamental right to privacy: A European perspective. Tilburg Law Review, 20(1): 14-34.
  37. Volchinskaya E.K. (2014). Place of personal data in the system of information of limited access. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 4: 199-211.

Gizat Kubenov, Serik K. Zhetpisov, Gulnar A. Alibayeva, Yuriy Yu. Kolesnikov, Ainash K. Kydralinova, Protection of privacy in information technologies in the context of COVID-19: A comparative legal analysis of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the European Union in "RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'" 1/2023, pp 63-89, DOI: 10.3280/RISS2023-001004