L’esperienza del lutto in età evolutiva nel lavoro clinico cognitivo-comportamentale

Titolo Rivista QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA
Autori/Curatori Katia Aringolo, Laura Di Giunta
Anno di pubblicazione 2014 Fascicolo 2014/34
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 26 P. 79-104 Dimensione file 152 KB
DOI 10.3280/QPC2014-034006
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

Il presente lavoro intende illustrare le reazioni, del bambino e della figura di accudimento rimasta in vita, alla morte di un genitore. Si delineano poi le caratteristiche del processo di valutazione e del procedere terapeutico, descrivendone gli obiettivi, il setting, le modalità di trattamento, le strategie e gli strumenti d’intervento. Nel fare questa disamina si pone un’enfasi particolare sugli aspetti essenziali e le condizioni di base dell’intervento cognitivo comportamentale in età evolutiva che potrebbero costituire un’impalcatura terapeutica adeguata per perseguire gli obiettivi dell’intervento sul lutto in età evolutiva ed implementare l’intervento. Infine si descrive un trattamento specifico basato sull’evidenza empirica (il Family Bereavement Program) per bambini e adolescenti che hanno subito un lutto.;

Keywords:Lutto in età evolutiva, reazioni nei bambini alla morte del genitore, reazioni della figura di accudimento rimasta in vita, assessment e intervento nei bambini che hanno subito la perdita del genitore

  1. Christ G., Siegel K., Mesagno F., Langosch D. (1991). Apreventive intervention program for bereaved children: Problems of implementation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61: 168-178. DOI: 10.1037/h007924
  2. Cionini L., a cura di (1991). Psicoterapia cognitiva: teoria e metodo dell’intervento terapeutico. Roma: La Nuova Italia Scientifica.
  3. Cionini L. (1996). L’assessment. In: Bara B.G., Manuale di psicoterapia cognitiva. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.
  4. Cohen J.A., Mannarino A.P., Greenberg T., Padlo S., Shipley C. (2002). Childhood traumatic grief: Concepts and controversies. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 3: 307-327.
  5. Corr C.A., Nable CM., Corr D.M. (1997). Death and dying, life and living (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
  6. First M.B., Spitzer R.L., Gibbon M., Williams J. B. W. (1996). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders – Research Version (Version 2.0; Structured Interview). New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
  7. First M.B., Spitzer R.L., Gibbon M., Williams J.B.W. (1996). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders – Patient edition (SCID-I/P, Version 2.0). New York:
  8. Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
  9. Fitzgerald H. (1992). The grieving child: A parent s guide. New York: Fireside.
  10. Fonagy P., Gergely G., Jurist E.L., Target M. (2002). Regolazione affettiva, mentalizzazione e sviluppo del sé. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  11. Fonagy P., Target M. (2001). Attaccamento e funzione riflessiva. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  12. Fonagy P., Steele M., Moran G., Steele M., Higgitt A.C. (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 13: 200-216.
  13. Forgatch M.S., Patterson G.R., Ray J.A. (1996). Divorce and boys’ adjustment problems: Two paths with a single model. In: Hetherington E.M., Blechman E.A., editors, Stress, coping, and resiliency in children and the family. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 67-105.
  14. Gottman J.M., Gilbert L., Katz L.F., Hooven C. (1997). Meta-emotion: How families communicate emotionally. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  15. Grant K.E., Compas B.E. (1995). Stress and anxious-depressed symptoms among adolescents: Searching for mechanisms of risk. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63: 1015-1021. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.63.6.101
  16. Guidano V.F., Liotti G. (1983). Cognitive Processes and Emotional Disorders. New York: Guiford.
  17. Howarth R.A. (2011). Promoting the Adjustment of Parentally Bereaved Children. Journal of Menial Health Counseling, 33, I: 21-32.
  18. Isola L., Pallini S. (1997). Lo psicologo clinico nei servizi. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
  19. Isola L., Mancini F. (2003). Psicoterapia cognitiva dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza. Milano: FrancoAngeli. ISTAT (2011). Infanzia e vita quotidiana.
  20. Kagan S. (1992). Cooperative learning. San Jaun Capistrano, CA: Kagan Cooperative Learning.
  21. Kalter N., Lohnes K.L., Chasin J., Cain A.C., Dunning S., Rowan J. (2002). The adjustment of parentally bereaved children: Factors associated with short-term adjustment. OMEGA
  22. – Journal of Death and Dying, 46: 15-34, DOI: 10.2190/nt8q-r5gbx7cw-acn
  23. Kendall P.C., editor (2000). Child and Adolescent Therapy: Cognitive-Behavioral Procedures. New York: Guilford.
  24. Lambruschi F., a cura di (2004). Psicoterapia cognitiva dell’età evolutiva. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.
  25. Lampton K.B., Cremeans J.R. (2002). Promoting the adjustment of parentally bereaved children. New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
  26. Lawrence E., Jeglic E.L., Matthews L.T., Pepper C.M. (2006). Gender differences in grief reactions following the death of a parent. OMEGA – Journal of Death and Dying, 52, 4:
  27. 323-337. DOI: 10.2190/55WN-1VUF-TQ3W-GD5
  28. Lewinsohn P.M., Munoz R.F., Youngren M.A., Zeiss A.M. (1992). Control your depression. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  29. Lieberman A.F., Pawl J.H. (1993). Infant-parent psychotherapy. In: Zeanah C.H., editor, Handbook of infant mental health. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 427-442.
  30. Lieberman A.F., Silverman R., Pawl J.H. (2000). Infant-parent psychotherapy: Core concepts and current approaches. In: Zeanah C.H. Jr., editor, Handbook of infant mental health, II ed., New York: Guilford Press, pp. 472-484. Lieberman A.F., Compton P., Van Horn P., Ghosh Ippen C. (2003). Losing a Parent to Death in Early Years: Guidelines for Treating Traumatic Bereavement in Infanc Childhood. Washington: D.C. Zero to Three.
  31. Lieberman A.F., Compton N.C., Van Horn P., Ghosh Ippen C. (2007). Il lutto infantile. Bologna: Il Mulino.
  32. Lin K.K., Sandier I.N., Ayers T.S., Wolchik S.A., Luecken L.J. (2004). Resilience in parentally bereaved children and adolescents seeking preventive services. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33: 673-683. DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3304_
  33. Liotti G. (2001). Le opere della coscienza. Psicopatologia e psicoterapia nella prospettiva cognitivo-evoluzionista. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  34. Liotti G. (1994/2005). La dimensione interpersonale della Coscienza. Roma: Carocci.
  35. Liotti G. (2011b). Il paradigma relazionale nel cognitivismo clinico. In: Lingiardi et al., La svolta relazionale. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  36. Liotti G., Farina B. (2011a). Sviluppi traumatici. Eziopatogenesi, clinica e terapia della dimensione dissociativa. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  37. Lohnes K.L., Kalter N. (1994). Preventive intervention groups for parentally bereaved children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64: 594-603.
  38. Lutzke J.R., Ayers T.S., Sandler I.N., Barra A. (1997). Risks and interventions for the parentally bereaved child. In: Wolchik S.A., Sandler I.N., editors, Handbook of children’s
  39. coping with common life stressors: Linking theory, research and interventions. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 215-243.
  40. Main M. (1991). Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) vs. multiple (incoherent) models of attachment: Findings and directions for future research. In: Harris P., Stevenson-Hinde J., Parkes C., Attachment Across the Life Cycle. New York: Routledge, pp. 127-159.
  41. Malcom N.L. (2010). Images of Heaven and the Spiritual Afterlife: Qualitative Analysis of Children’s Storybooks about Death, Dying, Grief, and Bereavement. OMEGA – Journal of Death and Dying, 62, 1: 51-76. DOI: 10.2190/OM.62.1.
  42. Perdighe C., Mancini F. (2010). Il lutto: dai miti agli interventi di facilitazione dell’accettazione. Psicobiettivo, XXX, 3: 127-146.
  43. Meichenbaum D. (1986). Metacognitive methods of instruction: Current status and future prospects. Special Services in the Schools, 3: 23-32.
  44. National Cancer Institute (2008). Loss, grief, and bereavement. Consultato il 20 Ottobre 2013 dal sito http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/supportivecare/bereavement/HealthProfessional/ pagel
  45. National Cancer Institute. Pediatric supportive care (2012). National Cancer Institute. Pediatric supportive care (PDQ®). Accessed at www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/supportivecare/pediatric/HealthProfessional on June 27.
  46. O’Toole D., Cory J. (1998). Helping children grieve and grow: A guide for those who care. Bumsville, NC: Compassion Books.
  47. Parlakian R., editor (2002). Reflective supervision in practice: Stories from the field. Washington: D.C. Zero to Three.
  48. Perdighe C., Mancini F. (2008). Elementi di psicoterapia cognitiva. Roma, Giovanni Fioriti.
  49. Pynoos R.S., Eth S. (1986). Witness to violence: The child interview. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25: 306-319.
  50. Reinherz H.Z., Giaconia R.M., Hauf A.M.C., Wasserman M.S., Silverman A.B. (1999).
  51. Major depression in the transition to adulthood: Risks and impairments. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108: 500-510. DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.108.3.500SandierI.N.(2001).Qualityandecologyofadversityascommonmechanismsofriskandresilience.AmericanJournalofCommunityPsychology,29:19-61.doi:10.1023/A:100523711050
  52. Sandier I.N., West S.G., Baca L., Pillow D.R., Gersten J., Rogosch F. (1992). Linking empirically based theory and evaluation: The Family Bereavement Program. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20: 491-521. DOI: 10.1007/BF0093775
  53. Sandler I.N., Tein J., Mehta P., Wolchik S., Ayers T. (2000). Coping efficacy and psychological problems of children of divorce. Child Development, 71: 1099-1118. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01553.
  54. Sandier I.N., Ayers T.S., Wolchik S.A., Tein J., Kwok O., Haine R.A. et al. (2003). The Family Bereavement Program: Efficacy evaluation of a theory-based prevention program for parentally bereaved children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71: 587-600. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.71.3.58
  55. Sandier I.N., Wolchik S.A., Ayers T.S. (2008). Resilience rather than recovery: A contextual framework on adaptation following bereavement. Death Studies, 32: 59-73. DOI: 10.1080/0748118070174134
  56. Schlitt J., Santelli J., Juszczak L., Brindis C., Nystrom R., Klein J. (2000). Creating access to care for children and youth: School-based health center census 1998-1999.
  57. Washington, DC: National Assembly on School-Based Health Care.
  58. Schoeman L.H., Kreitzman R. (1997). Death of a parent: Group intervention with bereaved children and their caregivers. Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, 14: 221-245.
  59. Schut H.A.W., Stroebe M.S., van den Bout J., de Keijser J. (1997). Intervention for the bereaved: Gender differences in the efficacy of two counselling programmes. British Journal
  60. of Clinical Psychology, 36: 63-72. DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01231.
  61. Semerari A. (2000). Storia, teorie e tecniche della psicoterapia cognitiva. Bari: Laterza.
  62. Semerari A. (2003). I disturbi di personalità. Modello e trattamento. Bari: Laterza.
  63. Shear M.K., Shair H. (2005). Attachment, Loss, and Complicated Grief. Dev. Psychobiol., 47: 253-267.
  64. Silverman P.R. (2000). Never too young to know: Death in children’s lives. New York: Oxford University Press.
  65. Silverman P.R., Worden J.W. (1992). Children’s reactions in the early months after the death of a patent. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62: 93-104.
  66. Skinner E.A., Wellborn J.G. (1994). Coping during childhood and adolescence: A motivational perspective. In: Featherman D., Lemer R., Perlmutter M., editors, Life-span development and behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Eribaum, pp. 91-33.
  67. Skinner E.A., Wellborn J.G. (1997). Children’s coping in the academic domain. In: Wolchik
  68. S.A., Sandier L.N., editors, Handbook of children’s coping: Unking theory and intervention. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 387-422.
  69. Social Security Administration (2000). Intermediate assumptions of the 2000 trustees report. Washington, DC: Office of the Chief Actuary of the Social Security Administration.
  70. Stein N.L., Folkman S., Trabasso T., Richards T.A. (1997). Appraisal and goal processes as predictors of psychological well-being in bereaved caregivers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72: 872-884. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.87
  71. Stroebe M.S., Stroebe W. (1991). Does “grief work” work? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59: 479-482. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.59.3.47
  72. Thompson M.P., Kaslow N.J., Kingree J.B., King M., Bryant L., Rey M. (1998).
  73. Psychological symptomatology following parent death in a predominantly minority sample of children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27: 434-441. DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp2704_
  74. Tremblay G.C., Israel A.C. (1998). Children’s adjustment to parental death. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5: 424-438.
  75. UNICEF (2004). Children on the brink 2004: A joint report of new orphan estimates and a framework for action. New York.
  76. Wortman C.B., Silver R.C. (1989). The Myths of coping with loss. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57: 349-357. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.57.3.34
  77. Weissberg R.P., Caplan M., Bennetto L. (1988). The Yale-New Haven Social Problem-Solving Program for Young Adolescents. New Haven, CT: Yale University.
  78. Weisz J.R., Weiss B., Han S.S., Granger D.A., Morton T. (1995). Effects of psychotherapy with children and adolescents revisited: A meta-analysis of treatment outcome studies.
  79. Psychological Bulletin, 117: 450-468. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.450
  80. Wolchik S.A., Ma. Y., Tein J.-Y., Sandier L.N., Ayers T.S. (2008). Parentally bereaved children’s grief: Self-system beliefs as mediators of the relations between grief and Stressors
  81. and caregiver-child relationship quality. Death Studies, 32: 597-620. DOI: 10.1080/0748118080221555
  82. Wolchik S.A., Tein J., Sandier I.N., Ayers T.S. (2006). Stressors, quality of the childcaregiver relationship, and children’s mental health problems after parental death: The mediating
  83. role of self-system beliefs. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34: 221-238. DOI: 10.1007/s10802-005-9016-
  84. Wolchik S.A., West S.G., Sandler I.N., Tein J.-Y., Coatsworth D., Lengua L. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68: 843-856. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.84
  85. Worden J.W. (1991/1996). Grief counseling and grief therapy. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  86. Worden J.W., Silverman P.R. (1996). Parental death and the adjustment of school-age children. Omega – Journal of Death and Dying, 33: 91-102. DOI: 10.2190/P77L-F6F6-5W06-NHB
  87. Worden J.W., Silverman R. (1993). Grief and depression in newly widowed parents with school-age children. Omega – Journal of Death and Dying, 27: 251-260. DOI: 10.2190/XMHJ-F977-P8GV-4W0
  88. Wortman C.B., Silver R.C. (1989). The myths of coping with loss. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57: 349-357. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.57.3.34
  89. Wyman P.A., Sandler I.N., Wolchik S.A., Nelson K. (2000). Resilience as cumulative competence promotion and stress protection: Theory and intervention. In: Cicchetti D., Rappaport J., Sandler I., Weissberg R.P., editors, The Promotion of wellness in children and adolescents. Washington: DC: National Assembly on School-Based Health Care, pp. 133-184.
  90. Achenbach T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
  91. Ayers T.S., Twohey J.L., Sandler I.N., Wolchik S.A., Lutzke J.R., Padgett-Jones S. et al. (2003). The Family Bereavement Program: Description of a theory-based prevention program for parentally-bereaved children and adolescents. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  92. Bandura A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  93. Beebe B., Lachman F.M. (2002). Infant Research and Adult Treatment: Co-constructing interactions. The Analytic Press, Inc. (trad. it.: Infant research e trattamento degli adulti. Milano: Raffaello Cortina, 2003).
  94. Boelen P.A., Van Den Hout M.A., Van Den Bout J. (2006). A cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of complicated grief. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 13: 109-128. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00013.
  95. Bonanno G.A., Moskowitz J.T., Papa A., Folkman S. (2005). Resilience to loss in bereaved spouses, bereaved parents, and bereaved gay men. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(5): 827-43. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.5.82
  96. Bowlby J. (1969). Attachment and Loss, Vol. 1, London: Hogarth Press (trad. it.: Attaccamento e perdita Vol. 1. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1972).
  97. Bowlby J. (1973). Attachment and Loss, Vol. 2, London: Hogarth Press (trad. it.: Attaccamento e perdita Vol. 2. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1975).
  98. Bowlby J. (1979). The marking and breaking of affectional bonds. London: Tavistock (trad. it.: Costruzione e rottura dei legami affettivi. Milano: Raffaello Cortina, 1982).
  99. Cassibba R., Zavattini G.C. (2007). Presentazione edizione italiana. In: Lieberman A.F., Compton P., Van Horn P., Ghosh Ippen C., Il lutto infantile. Bologna: il Mulino.

  • Dalla violenza assistita al lutto traumatico: i bambini orfani speciali Marvita Goffredo, Francesca Lovero, Antonella Magno, Daniela Prudente, Daniela Racanelli, Alessandra Sgaramella, Marica Urbano, Alessandra Cervinara, Alessandro Costantini, Maria Grazia Foschino Barbaro, in MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA 1/2019 pp.73
    DOI: 10.3280/MAL2019-001006

Katia Aringolo, Laura Di Giunta, L’esperienza del lutto in età evolutiva nel lavoro clinico cognitivo-comportamentale in "QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA" 34/2014, pp 79-104, DOI: 10.3280/QPC2014-034006