Salute mentale materna e attaccamento madre-bambino nella gravidanza a rischio: una revisione sistematica

Titolo Rivista MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA
Autori/Curatori Laura Pedrini, Alberto Ghilardi
Anno di pubblicazione 2017 Fascicolo 2016/3
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 42 P. 101-142 Dimensione file 434 KB
DOI 10.3280/MAL2016-003006
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FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

La comparsa di sintomi psicopatologici e/o di complicanze gestazionali nel periodo perinatale può influenzare il processo d’adattamento alla gravidanza e lo sviluppo dell’attaccamento madre-bambino. Obiettivo dello studio era analizzare la prevalenza di disturbi mentali e i pattern di attaccamento in campioni di donne con gravidanza a rischio. È stata condotta una revisione sistematica in Medline, Psychinfo, Embase. In totale sono stati inclusi 59 studi condotti con campioni di donne con gravidanza a rischio. I risultati indicano che la proporzione di donne con sintomi psicopatologici è superiore rispetto a quella riscontrata in gruppi di donne senza complicazioni, in particolare in caso di bassa scolarità, pregressi disturbi mentali, pregresse complicanze gestazionali e strategie disfunzionali di coping. Gli studi svolti nel periodo post-natale mostrano una stretta associazione tra sintomi ansiosi-depressivi materni e qualità dell’interazione madre-neonato. Gli studi svolti nel periodo antenatale sono invece scarsi e hanno prodotto risultati discordanti circa l’esistenza o meno di pattern specifici di attaccamento prenatale. In conclusione, si può affermare che le complicazioni gestazionali costituiscono un fattore di rischio per la comparsa di sintomi psicopatologici, e dunque con possibili ripercussioni sulla qualità dell’interazione madre-bambino. Nel manoscritto vengono argomentati i meccanismi bio-psico-sociali che possono spiegare i risultati emersi dagli studi esaminati. Vengono altresì descritte le principali implicazioni cliniche che possono essere utili in ambito ostetrico, ma anche più in generale, nell’intervento in casi di disturbo dell’organizzazione dell’attaccamento.;

Keywords:Disturbi mentali, complicanze gestazionali, gravidanza a rischio, attaccamento, interazione madre-bambino

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Laura Pedrini, Alberto Ghilardi, Salute mentale materna e attaccamento madre-bambino nella gravidanza a rischio: una revisione sistematica in "MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA" 3/2016, pp 101-142, DOI: 10.3280/MAL2016-003006