La depressione nell’epilessia. Cause, diagnosi e trattamento

Titolo Rivista PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE
Autori/Curatori Rita D’Amico
Anno di pubblicazione 2018 Fascicolo 2018/3
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 20 P. 24-43 Dimensione file 251 KB
DOI 10.3280/PDS2018-003002
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Le persone con epilessia hanno un alto rischio di patologie concomitanti, tra cui la de-pressione. Ciononostante, essa è spesso poco riconosciuta e inadeguatamente curata, con conseguenze negative sulla qualità della vita dei pazienti e sul rischio di suicidi. Questa ras-segna si propone di presentare i risultati più interessanti riguardanti la prevalenza della de-pressione nelle persone con epilessia, la complessità delle cause, della diagnosi, e del tratta-mento. I risultati mostrano che la depressione è una delle patologie più comuni in questi pa-zienti, ma la diagnosi è complessa, poiché gli effetti delle crisi sulla regolazione delle emozioni e degli stati d’animo possono essere confusi con i sintomi depressivi. Di conseguenza, sono necessari strumenti diagnostici appropriati. La letteratura esaminata suggerisce le seguenti cause: gli effetti collaterali degli anticonvulsivanti; alcuni elementi neurologici (tipo, frequenza, severità delle crisi) e alcune problematiche psicosociali (stigma, impatto di eventi stressanti propri della condizione epilettica, crisi ricorrenti vissute al di fuori del proprio controllo). L’importanza delle problematiche psicosociali è emersa in molti studi, così come la necessità di attuare interventi finalizzati all’acquisizione di capacità cognitive, comportamentali e sociali utili ad affrontare positivamente la malattia. Tradizionalmente, la depressione in epilessia è stata curata con i farmaci, ma recentemente i pareri in proposito sono discordanti. Numerosi studi hanno evidenziato, invece, l’efficacia della psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamentale, mentre gli antidepressivi sono necessari per chi è a rischio di suicidio. Poiché l’epilessia è curata prevalentemente da neurologi, è importante che essi prestino attenzione alle condizioni psicologiche dei pazienti, e che cooperino con psicologi e psicoterapeuti.;

Keywords:Depressione in epilessia, diagnosi, cause psico-sociali, effetti collaterali degli anticonvulsivanti, psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamentale, psicologia della salute.

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Rita D’Amico, La depressione nell’epilessia. Cause, diagnosi e trattamento in "PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE" 3/2018, pp 24-43, DOI: 10.3280/PDS2018-003002