L’invecchiamento ottimale: una rassegna sui principali modelli teorici e sulle strategie proattive in grado di promuoverlo

Titolo Rivista RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA
Autori/Curatori Manuela Zambianchi
Anno di pubblicazione 2013 Fascicolo 2013/1 Lingua Italiano
Numero pagine 35 P. 9-43 Dimensione file 371 KB
DOI 10.3280/RIP2013-01001
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

La Rassegna ha preso in esame i temi dell’invecchiamento ottimale e delle strategie attive individuali che lo facilitano e promuovono. Dopo un breve inquadramento storico-demografico dell’invecchiamento della popolazione vengono approfonditi i principali modelli teorici sull’invecchiamento positivo ed una loro comparazione allo scopo di identificare gli aspetti in comune, le divergenze concettuali e le potenziali ricadute a livello di politiche sociali e sanitarie. Un aspetto che accomuna questi modelli e la rilevanza accordata alla presenza di risorse elevate negli ambiti fisico, psicologico e sociale affinche si possa parlare di invecchiamento ottimale. L’accento posto sulle risorse a livello sistemico bio-psico-sociale da parte di questi modelli porta con se la questione delle strategie efficaci per accumularle, mantenerle e allocarle in modo selettivo e congruente con i desideri e le potenzialita della persona anziana. Le strategie attive di Selezione, Ottimizzazione e Compensazione e le strategie proattive di coping sono state esaminate per il loro contributo al mantenimento di una elevata funzionalita globale e alla conservazione delle risorse. La Rassegna si conclude con alcune considerazioni riguardanti possibili future aree di ricerca nell’area tematica dell’invecchiamento ottimale e delle strategie proattive.;

Keywords:Invecchiamento ottimale, modelli teorici, strategie proattive, risorse.

  1. Freund, A., Nikitin, J., & Ritter, J.O. (2009). Psychological consequences of longevity. The increasing importance of self-regulation in old age. Human Development, 52, 1-37. DOI: 10.1159/000189213
  2. Freund, A.M., & Baltes, P.B. (2002). Life-management strategies of selection, optimization and compensation: measurement by self-report and construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 642-662. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.82.4642
  3. Gastaldi, A., & Contarello, A. (2006). Una questione di eta: Rappresentazioni Sociali dell'invecchiamento in giovani ed anziani. Ricerche di Psicologia, 20, 7-22.
  4. Gerstorf, D., & Ram, N. (2009). Limitations on the importance of self-regulation in old age, Human Development, 52, 38-43. DOI: 10.1159/000189214
  5. Gerstorf, D., Smith, J., & Baltes, P.B. (2006). A systemic-wholistic approach to differential aging: longitudinal findings from the Berlin Aging Study, Psychology and Aging, 21, 645-663. DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.4.645
  6. Glass, T.A., Seeman, T.E., Herzog, A.R., Kahn, R., & Berkman, L.F. (1995). Change in productive activity in late adulthood: Mac Arthur Studies of Successful Aging. Journal of Gerontology: Social Science, 50(B), S65-S76. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/50b.2.S65
  7. Gollwitzer, P.M. (1996). The volitional benefits of planning. In P.M. Gollwitzer & J.A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 287-312). New York: Guilford.
  8. Grossman, I., Naa, J., Varnuma, M.E., Parkb, D.C., Kitayamaa, S., & Nisbett, R. (2010). Reasoning about social conflicts improves into old age. Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, 16, 7246- 7250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1001715107
  9. Hardy, S.E., Concato, J., & Gill, T.M. (2004). Resilience of Community-Dwelling Older Person. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 52, 257-262. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52065.x
  10. Veloz, M.C.T., Nascimento-Schulze, C.M., & Camargo, B.V. (1999). Social Representations of Aging. Psychology Reflection and Critique, 12, 470-501.
  11. Flick, U., Fisher, C., Neuber, A., Friedrich, W.S., & Walter, U. (2003). Health in the context of growing old: Social Representations of health. Journal of Health Psychology, 8, 539-556. DOI: 10.1177/13591053030085006
  12. Eysenck, H.J., & Eysenck, M.W. (1985). Personality and individual differences, a natural science approach. New York: Plenum. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2413-3
  13. Elder, G.H.jr. (1999). The Life Course and Aging: Some reflections. Paper presented for Distinguished Scholar Lecture Section on Aging American Sociological Association.
  14. Elder, G.H.jr. (1994). Time, Human Agency and Social Change: perspective on the Life Course, Social Psychology Quarterly, 1, 4-15.
  15. Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1995). Resources, personal strivings and subjective wellbeing: A nomothetic and idiographic approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 926-935. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.926
  16. Cumming, E., & Henry, E. (1961). Growing old: the process of disengagement. New York: Basic Books.
  17. Costa, P.T., & Mc Crae, R.R. (1985). The NEO -Personality Inventory: manual Form S and Form R. Odessa FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  18. Carstensen, L.L., Isaacowitz, D.H., & Charles, S.T. (1999). Taking time seriously: a theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54, 165-181. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.54.3.165
  19. Camargo, B.V. (2005). ALCESTE: um programa informatico de analise quantitativa de dados textuais. In A.S.P. Moreira, J.C. Jesuino, B.V. Camargo & S.M. Nobrega (Eds.), Perspectivas teorico-metodologicas em representacoes sociais (pp. 511-539). UFPB, JP.
  20. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1978). The Ecology of Human Development. Cambridge, M.A.: Harvard University Press.
  21. Brandstadter, J. & Renner, G.(1990). Tenacious Goal Pursuit and Flexible Goal Adjustment: Esplication and Age-Related Analysis of Assimilative and Accomodative Strategies of coping. Psychology and Aging, 5(1), 58-67. DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.74.2.187
  22. Bode, C., de Ridder, D.T.D., & Bensing, J.M. (2007). Preparing for aging: development, feasibility and preliminary results of an educational program for midlife and older based on proactive coping theory. Patient education and counselling, 61, 272-278. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.04.006
  23. Bergman, L.R., El-Khouri, B.M. (2003). A person-oriented approach: methods for today and methods for tomorrow. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 110, 25-38. DOI: 10.1002/cd.80
  24. Bandura, A. (2000). Autoefficacia. Teorie e applicazioni. Trento: Erikson.
  25. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  26. Baltes, P.B., & Smith, J. (2003). New frontiers in the future of aging: from successful aging of the young old to the dilemmas of the fourth age. Gerontology, 49,123-135. DOI: 10.1159/000067946
  27. Baltes, P.B., & Smith, J. (1997). A systemic-holistic view of psychological functioning in very old age: introduction to a collection of articles from the Berlin Aging Study. Psychology and Aging, 12, 395-409. DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.12.3.395
  28. Baltes, P.B., & Mayer, K.U. (1999). The Berlin Aging Study. Aging from 70 to 100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  29. Baltes, P.B., & Carstensen, L.L. (1996). The process of successful ageing, Ageing and Society, 16, 397-422. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X00003603
  30. Baltes, P.B., & Baltes, M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: the model of selective optimization with compensation. In P.B. Baltes & M.M. Baltes (Eds.). Successful aging: perspectives from the behavioural sciences (pp. 1-34). New York: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511665684.003
  31. Baltes, P. (1987). Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: on the dynamics between growth and decline. Developmental Psychology, 5, 611-626. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.23.5.611
  32. Aspinwall, L.G., & Taylor, S.E. (1997). A stitch in time: self-regulation and proactive coping. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 417-436. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.417
  33. Aspinwall, L.G. (1997). Where planning meets coping: Proactive coping and the detection and management of potential stressors. In S.L. Friedman & E.K. Scholnick (Eds.), The developmental psychology of planning: Why, how, and when do we plan? (pp. 285-320). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  34. Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well. The Jossey-Bass social and behavioral science series and the Jossey-Bass health series: San Francisco.
  35. Harlow, R.E., & Cantor, N. (1996). Still participating after all these years: a study of life task participation in later life, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, 1235-1249. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1235
  36. Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2005). Ethnic differences in stressors, resources and psychological outcomes of family caregiving: a Meta- analysis. Gerontologist, 1, 90-106. DOI: 10.1093/geront/45.1.90
  37. Ryff, C.D. (1989). Beyond Ponce del Leon and life satisfaction: new directions in quest of successful aging. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1, 35-55. DOI: 10.1177/016502548901200102
  38. Rowe, J.W., & Kahn, R. (1987). Human Aging: usual and successful. Science, 237, 143-149. DOI: 10.1126/science.3299702
  39. Rowe, J.W., & Kahn, R. (1997). Successful Aging. The Gerontologist, 37, 433-440. DOI: 10.1093/geront/37.4.433
  40. Rutter, M. (2002). Nature, nurture and development: from evangelism through science toward policy and practice. Child Development, 1, 1-21.
  41. Schulz, R., & Heckhausen, J. (1996). A Life Span Model of Successful Aging. American Psychologists, 7, 702-714. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.51.7.702
  42. Schwarzer, R. (2000). Manage stress at work through preventive and proactive coping. In E.A. Locke (ed)., The Blackwell handbook of principles of organizational behavior (pp. 342-355). Oxford: Blackwell.
  43. Schwarzer, R., & Taubert, S. (2002). Tenacious goal pursuit and striving toward personal growth: proactive coping. In E. Fyndenberg (ed.) Beyond coping: meeting goals, visions and challenges (pp. 19-35). London: Oxford University Press.
  44. Seligman, M., & Csikszentmiahlyi, M. (2000). Positive Psychology. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  45. Staudiger, U.M., Freund, A.M., Linden, M., & Maas, I. (1999). Self, personality and life regulation of psychological resilience in old age. In Karl U. Mayer & Paul B. Baltes (Eds.), The Berlin Aging Study. Cambridge, UK.: Cambridge University Press.
  46. Stevernik, N., & Lindenberg, S. (2006). Which social needs are important for Subjective Well-Being? What happens to them with aging? Psychology and Aging, 2, 281-290. DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.281
  47. Stevernik, N., Lindenberg, S., & Slaets, J.P.J. (2005). How to understand and improve older people’s self-management of well-being, European Journal of Ageing, 2, 235-244. DOI: 10.1007/s10433-005-0012-y
  48. Streib, G.F., & Binstock, H.R. (1990). Aging and the Social Science: Changes in the filed. In R.H. Binstock & L.K George (Eds.), Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences. New York: Academic Press.
  49. Verbrugge, L.M., & Jette, A.M. (1994). The disablement process. Social Science & Medicine, 38, 1-14.
  50. Waterman, A. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness: contrasts of personal expressiveness (Eudaimonia) and Hedonic Enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 678-691. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.678
  51. Watson, D., Clark, L.A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of a brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
  52. Zambianchi, M., & Ricci Bitti, P.E. (2010a). Influenza delle strategie proattive di coping sul benessere sociale e sulla progettualita di vita nell’anziano. Medicina Psicosomatica, 3, 125.
  53. Zambianchi, M., & Ricci Bitti, P.E. (2010b). Rappresentazioni sociali della salute e dell’invecchiamento in un gruppo di anziani. Psicologia della Salute, 2, 95-110. DOI: 10.3280/PDS2010-002007
  54. Hatch, S. (2005). Conceptualizing and Identifying Cumulative Adversity and Protective Resources: Implications for Understanding Health Inequalities. Journal of Gerontology, SERIES B, 60b, 130-134. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/60.Special_Issue_2.S130
  55. Havighurst, R.J., & Albrecht, R. (1953). Older People. New York: Longmans Green.
  56. Hobfoll, S.E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress, American Psychologist, 44, 513-524. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
  57. Holahan, C.K., & Chapman, J.R. (2002). Longitudinal predictors of proactive goals and activity participation at age 80. Journal of Gerontology: PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 5, 418-425. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/57.5.P418
  58. Holman, E.A., & Zimbardo, P.G. (2009). The social language of time: the time perspective-social network connection. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 31, 136-147. DOI: 10.1080/01973530902880415
  59. Jaspars, J., & Fraser, C. (1989). Atteggiamenti e rappresentazioni sociali. In R.M. Farr & S. Moscovici (Eds.), Rappresentazioni sociali. Bologna: il Mulino.
  60. Jones, J.M., Banickly, L., Lasane, T.P., & Pomare, M. (1999). A temporal orientation scale: Focusing attention on past, present and future. Manuscript in preparation, University of Delaware.
  61. Jones, J.M., Banicky, L., Lasane, T.P., & Pomare, M. (2005) A temporal orientation scale: Focusing attention on past, present and future. Unpublished manuscript, University of Delaware, USA.
  62. Jopp, D., & Smith, J. (2006). Resources and life-management strategies as determinants of successful aging: on the protective effect of selection, optimization and compensation (SOC). Psychology and Aging, 21, 253-265. DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.253
  63. Joreskog, K.G., & Sorbom, D. (1993). Lisrel 8: User’s Guide. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
  64. Kahana, E., & Kahana, B. (1996). Conceptual and empirical advances in understanding aging well through proactive adaptation. In V.L. Bengtson (ed.), Adulthood and aging. Research on continuities and discontinuities. New York: Springer.
  65. Kahana, E., Kahana, B., & Zjiang, J. (2005). Motivational antecedents of preventive proactivity in late life: Linking future orientation and exercise. Motivation and Emotion, 29, 443-464. DOI: 10.1007/s11031-006-9012-2
  66. Kahana, E., Lawrence, R.H., Kahana, K., Kercher, A., Wisniewski, A., & Stoller, E. (2002). Long-term impact of preventive proactivity on quality of life of the old-old. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 382-394.
  67. Keyes, C.L.M. (1998). Social Well-Being, Social Psychology Quarterly, 61, 121-140. DOI: 10.2307/2787065
  68. Labouvie-Vief, G., & Diehl, M. (2000). Cognitive complexity and Cognitive – Affective Integration: related or separate domains of adult development? Psychology and Aging, 15, 490-504. DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.15.3.490
  69. Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appaisal and Coping. New York: Springer.
  70. Little, B.R. (1989). Personal projects analysis: Trivial pursuits, magnificent obsessions, and the search for coherence. In D. Buss & N. Cantor (Eds.), Personality Psychology: Recent Trends and Emerging Directions (pp. 15-31). New York: Springer-Verlag. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0634-4_2
  71. Magnusson, D. (1995). Individual development: a holistic integrated model. In P. Moen, G.H. Elder, & K. Lusher (Eds), Linking lives and contexts: perspectives on the ecology of human development. Washington D.C: APA Books. DOI: 10.1037/10176-001
  72. Marsiske, M., Lang, F.R., Baltes, P.B., & Baltes, M.M. (1995). Selective optimization with compensation: Life-span perspectives on successful human development. In R.A. Dixon e L. Backman (Eds.), Compensating for psychological deficits and declines: Managing lossess and promoting gains (pp. 35-79). Hillsdale, N.J.: Herlbaum.
  73. Masten, A.S.,& Obradovic’, J. (2006). Competence and resilience in development. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1094, 13-27. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1376.003
  74. Moscovici, S. (1961). La psychanalyse, son image et son public. Paris: PUF.
  75. Moscovici, S. (2000). Social Representations: Explorations in social psychology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  76. Ouwehand, C., de Ridder T.D.,& Bensing, J.M. (2006). Situational aspects are more important in shaping proactive coping behaviour than individual characteristics: A vignette study among adults preparing for ageing, Psychology and Health, 6, 809-825. DOI: 10.1080/14768320500537639
  77. Ouwehand, C., de Ridder, D.T.D., & Bensing, J.M. (2007). A Review of successful aging models: proposing proactive coping as an important additional strategy. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 873-884. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.11.003

Manuela Zambianchi, L’invecchiamento ottimale: una rassegna sui principali modelli teorici e sulle strategie proattive in grado di promuoverlo in "RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA " 1/2013, pp 9-43, DOI: 10.3280/RIP2013-01001