Modelli di parenting multipli e benessere interpersonale. Una rassegna teorica sull’evoluzione del sistema motivazionale diadico verso il network dell’accudimento

Titolo Rivista PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE
Autori/Curatori Monica Tosto, Aluette Merenda, Alessandra Salerno
Anno di pubblicazione 2016 Fascicolo 2016/3
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 19 P. 64-82 Dimensione file 293 KB
DOI 10.3280/PDS2016-003004
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Il presente contributo ha come oggetto un’analisi teorica sull’evoluzione del modello di parenting diadico verso la prospettiva degli attaccamenti multipli. In particolare, andando oltre la prospettiva monotropica (Bowlby, 1969), viene evidenziata una linea teorica che delinea il modello dell’integrazione a sostegno dell’ipotesi dell’elasticità degli Internal Working Models. Sulla base di tali studi, la continuità nella qualità delle rappresentazioni d’attaccamento rimarrebbe in funzione anche delle trasformazioni che interessano l’ambiente di accudimento, nei suoi aspetti di rischio e protezione e rispetto ai livelli diadici, familiari e sociali in cui è organizzato. Si delinea piuttosto il network dell’accudimento, un sistema dinamico in continua evoluzione attraversato da mutamenti interni ed influenzato da cambiamenti intersociali e culturali. Le implicazioni cliniche e quelle sul benessere interpersonale possono intravedersi, ad esempio, in quei contesti familiari in cui l’avere vissuto esperienze traumatiche o stabilito relazioni insicure con le figure parentali può essere compensato dagli effetti positivi di una relazione d’attaccamento funzionale (secure) con caregivers diversi. In accordo con i presupposti teorici e le verifiche empiriche del modello dell’integrazione, la bontà dei modelli operativi materni dell’accudimento non può pertanto essere ritenuta la determinante univoca dello sviluppo infantile. Si può ipotizzare, invece, che la sicurezza infantile emerga dall’esperienza di un network di caregivers caratterizzati da rappresentazioni prevalentemente secure e balanced. Ciò darebbe forma ad un contesto di cura in cui è più probabile che ciascuno individuo sperimenti la sensibilità e la responsività necessarie a sostenere la propria crescita socio-emotiva.;

Keywords:Network accudimento, attaccamenti multipli, parenting, integrazione, benessere interpersonale

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Monica Tosto, Aluette Merenda, Alessandra Salerno, Modelli di parenting multipli e benessere interpersonale. Una rassegna teorica sull’evoluzione del sistema motivazionale diadico verso il network dell’accudimento in "PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE" 3/2016, pp 64-82, DOI: 10.3280/PDS2016-003004