Rassegna storica degli indirizzi quantitativi e qualitativi in psicologia

Titolo Rivista RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA
Autori/Curatori Davide Cavagna, Carlo Cristini, Marcello Cesa-Bianchi
Anno di pubblicazione 2017 Fascicolo 2017/1
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 42 P. 25-66 Dimensione file 327 KB
DOI 10.3280/RIP2017-001002
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

Il presente lavoro di carattere storico-epistemologico pone in evidenza come i diversi sistemi della psicologia, anche fortemente contrastanti tra loro, hanno permesso di indagare gli eventi mentali da vertici complementari, qualitativi e quantitativi, così da contribuire a definire e sviluppare una disciplina scientifica complessa e pluralista da un punto di vista epistemologico. Se si esamina come la qualità e la quantità dei comportamenti e processi mentali, individuali e gruppali, sia umani che animali, sia stata indagata da prospettive psicologiche alternative, e come le ricerche si siano diversificate nel corso del tempo sia da un punto di vista speculativo che applicativo, è possibile delineare un quadro sufficientemente ampio e articolato della complessità epistemologica della psicologia contemporanea quale disciplina scientifica unitaria, che illustri in maniera appropriata le tensioni e le criticità che tutt’ora la caratterizzano.;

Keywords:Psicologia scientifica, unità della scienza, pluralismo epistemologico, qualità mentale, quantità.

  1. Abbagnano, N. (1961). Dizionario di filosofia. Torino: Utet.
  2. Ach, N. (1905). Über die Willenstätigkeit und das Denken. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. DOI: 10.2307/2177587
  3. Agazzi, E. (1973). Epistemologia della psicologia. Agorà, I, 7-21.
  4. Agazzi, E. (1976). Criteri epistemologici fondamentali delle discipline psicologiche. In G. Siri (Ed.), Problemi epistemologici della psicologia. Milano: Vita e Pensiero, 3-35; 62-71; 110-114; 219-223.
  5. Alexander, F. (1950). Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.
  6. Allport, G. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt.
  7. Ames, A. (1952). The Ames Demonstrations in Perception. New York: Hafner Publishing.
  8. Angell, J.R. (1907). The province of functional psychology. Psychological Review, 14, 61-91.
  9. Angyal, A. (1941). Foundations for a Science of Personality. New York: Commonwealth Fund.
  10. Antonietti, A. (1996). Il luogo della mente. Un’introduzione alla psicologia attraverso il mind-body problem. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
  11. Asch, S.E. (1952). Social Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  12. Assoun, P.-L. (1981). Introduction à l’épistémologie freudienne. Paris: Payot.
  13. Baldwin, J.M. (1895). Mental Development in the Child and the Race: Methods and processes. New York: Macmillan.
  14. Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  15. Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  16. Baron-Cohen, S. (1995). Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
  17. Bartlett, F.C. (1932). Remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  18. Bartlett, F.C. (1958). Thinking. London: Allen and Unwin.
  19. Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected essays in anthropology, psychiatry, evolution, and epistemology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  20. Bateson, G. (1979). Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity (Advances in systems theory, complexity, and the human sciences). New York: Hampton Press.
  21. Bechterew, W.M. (1910). Objektive Psychologie. Leipzig, Berlin: Teubner, 1913.
  22. Beebe, B., & Lachmann, F.R. (2002). Infant Research and Adult Treatment. Co-constructing Interactions. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press. DOI: 10.4324/9780203767498
  23. Berlucchi, C. (1944). Malati sintonici e malati autisti, caratteri aperti e caratteri chiusi, temperamenti ciclotimici e temperamenti schizotimici, tipi estrovertiti e tipi introvertiti, soggetti integrati e soggetti sinestesici nella moderna psichiatria e caratterologia. Archivio di Psicologia, Neurologia, Psichiatria e Psicoterapia, 161-214.
  24. Binet, A., & Simon, Th. (1905). Méthodes nouvelles pour la diagnostic du niveau intellectuel des anormaux. L’Année Psychologique, 11, 191-244.
  25. Binet, A., & Simon, Th. (1908). Le développement de l’intelligence chez l’enfant. L’Année Psychologique, 14, 1-94.
  26. Binet, A., & Simon, Th. (1911). La mesure du développement de l’intelligence chez les jeunes enfants. Bulletin de la Société Libre pour l’Etude de l’Enfant, 11, 187-256.
  27. Biswanger, L. (1947). Zur phänomenologischen Anthropologie. Bern: Fräncke.
  28. Bocchi, G., & Ceruti, M. (Eds) (1985). La sfida della complessità. Milano: Feltrinelli; Milano: Bruno Mondadori, 2007.
  29. Bowlby, J. (1951). Maternal Care and Mental Health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  30. Bowlby, J. (1968/1980). Attachment and Loss, 3 voll. London: Hogarth Press.
  31. Brentano, F. (1874). Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt, 3 Bände. Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1911.
  32. Bridgman, P.W. (1927). The Logic of Modern Physics. New York: MacMillan.
  33. Bridgman, P.W. (1959). The Way Things Are. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  34. Broadbent, D.E. (1958). Perception and Communication. Oxford: Pergamon Press. DOI: 10.1037/10037-000
  35. Broca, P. (1861-69). Écrits sur l’aphasie. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2004.
  36. Bruner, J.S., & Brown, R.W. (1956). A Study of Thinking. New York: Wiley.
  37. Bruner, J.S., & Goodman, C.C. (1947). Value and need as organizing factors in perception. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42, 33-44.
  38. Brunswick, E. (1939). The conceptual focus of some psychological systems. Journal of Unified Science (Erkenntnis), 8, 36-49.
  39. Brunswick, E. (1943). Organismic achievement and environmental probability. Psychological Review, 50, 255-272.
  40. Bühler, K. (1922). Die geistige Entwicklung des Kindes. Jena: Gustav Fischer. DOI: 10.1097/00005053-192204000-00081
  41. Bühler, K. (1934). Sprachtheorie. Die Darstellungsfunktion der Sprache. Jena: Gustav Fischer.
  42. Burt, C. (1940). The Factors of the Mind: An introduction to factor analysis in psychology. London: University of London Press.
  43. Carr, H. (1925). Psychology. A study of mental activity. New York: Longmans, Green and Co. DOI: 10.1037/13432-000
  44. Castiglioni, M. (1995). L’alternativa del costruzionismo sociale. In A. Greco (Ed.), Oltre il cognitivismo. Nuove prospettive per la psicologia. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 85-116.
  45. Castiglioni, M. (2001). Epistemologia e psicologia. Milano: ISU.
  46. Castiglioni, M., & Corradini, A. (2011). Modelli epistemologici in psicologia. Dalla psicoanalisi al costruzionismo. Roma: Carocci.
  48. Cattell, J. McK. (1890). Mental tests and measurements. Mind, 15, 373-381.
  49. Cattell, R.B. (1950). Personality: A systematic, theoretical, and factual study. New York: McGraw Hill. DOI: 10.1037/10773-000
  50. Cesa-Bianchi, M. (1951). L’applicazione dei reattivi mentali nello studio dell’invecchiamento. Archivio di Psicologia Neurologia e Psichiatria, XII, IV-V, 390-393.
  51. Cesa-Bianchi, M. (1977). Psicologia della senescenza. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
  52. Cesa-Bianchi, M. (1979). Perché la psicologia? Brescia: La Scuola.
  53. Cesa-Bianchi, M. (1998). Giovani per sempre? L’arte di invecchiare. Bari-Roma: Laterza.
  54. Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing Grounded Theory. London: Sage, 2nd ed.
  55. Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures. The Hague/Paris: Mouton.
  56. Cimino, G., Degni, S., & Ferreri, A.M. (Eds) (2012). I manifesti della psicologia americana tra Ottocento e Novecento. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
  57. Civita, A. (2003). Filosofia della psicologia. In Vassallo, N. (Ed.). Filosofie della scienza. Torino: Einaudi.
  58. Clarke, A.E. (2005). Situational Analysis. Grounded theory after postmodern turn. London: Sage.
  59. Coghill, G.E. (1929). Anatomy and the Problem of Behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  60. Cooper, H. (2012). Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology, 3 voll. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
  61. Costa, P.T.Jr., & McCrae, R.R. (1985). The NEO Personality Inventory manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  62. Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes’ Error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain. New York: Putnam.
  63. Damasio, A. (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and emotion in the making of consciousness. New York: Harcourt Brace.
  64. Deppermann, A. (1999). Gespräche analysieren. Eine Einführung in konversations- analytische Methoden. Opladen: Leske und Budrich. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-322-91359-3
  65. Dewey, J. (1896). The reflex arc concept in psychology. Psychological Review, 3, 357-370.
  66. Dollard, J., & Miller N.E (1950). Personality and Psychotherapy: An analysis in terms of learning, thinking, and culture. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  67. Donders, F.C. (1869). Over de snelheid van psychische processen [On the speed of mental processes]. Vertaald door W.G. Koster (1969). Attention and Performance, 2, 412-431. DOI: 10.1016/0001-6918(69)90065-1
  68. Edelman, G. (1987). Neural Darwinism: The theory of neuronal group selection. New York: Basic Books.
  69. Edelman, G. (1990). The Remembered Present: A biological theory of consciousness. New York: Basic Books.
  70. Egidi, R. (1992). La svolta relativistica nell’epistemologia contemporanea. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2a ed.
  71. Ellis, C. (2004). The Ethnographic I: A methodological novel about autoethnography. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
  72. Emde, R.E., Harmon R-J., & Gaensbauer, T.J. (1976). Emotional Expression in Infancy: A biobehavioral study. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
  73. Engel, G.L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196/4286, 129-136.
  74. Eysenck, H.J. (1947). Dimensions of Personality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  75. Eysenck, H.J. (1990). Biological dimensions of personality. In L.A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and research. New York: Guilford, 244-276.
  76. Fabozzi, P., & Ortu, F. (1996). Al di là della metapsicologia. Roma: Il Pensiero Scientifico.
  77. Fechner, G.T. (1851). Zend-Avesta oder über die Dinge des Himmels und des Jenseits. Vom Standpunkt der Naturbetrachtung, 3 Bände, Leipzig 1851.
  78. Fechner, G.T. (1860). Elemente der Psychophysik. Bd. I & II. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.
  79. Flavell, J.H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring. A new area of cognitive-development inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906-911.
  80. Fodor, J.A. (1983). Modularity of Mind: An essay on faculty psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  81. Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E., & Target, M. (2002). Affect Regulation, Mentalization, and the Development of the Self. New York: Other Press.
  82. Frenkel-Brunswick, E. (1949). Intolerance of ambiguity as an emotional and perceptual personality variable. Journal of Personality, 18, 108-143.
  83. Freud, S. (1891), Zur Auffassung der Aphasien. Eine kritische Studie. Leipzig: Franz Deuticke.
  84. Freud, S. (1895). Entwurf einer Psychologie. In Aus den Anfängen der Psychoanalyse 1887-1902. Frankfurt am Mein: S. Fischer Verlag 1975.
  85. Freud, S. (1900). Die Traumdeutung. Leipzig, Wien: Franz Deuticke.
  86. Freud, S. (1938). Abriß der Psychoanalyse. Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und Imago, XXV, 1, 1940, 7-67.
  87. Frith, U., & Frith, C.D. (2003). Development and neurophysiology of mentalising. Philosophical Transactions, Series B, Special issue on Mechanisms of social interaction, 358(1431), 459-473.
  88. Fromm, E. (1955). The Sane Society. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956.
  89. Funari, E. (1975). Il giovane Freud. Sigmund Freud e la scuola di Vienna. Milano: Loescher.
  90. Gallese, V. (2005). “Being like me”: Self-other identity, mirror neurons and empathy. In S. Hurley & N. Chater (Eds.), Perspectives on Imitation: From cognitive neuroscience to social science (Vol. 1, pp. 101–118). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  91. Galton, F. (1883). Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development. New York: Macmillan. DOI: 10.1037/14178-000
  92. Goldstein, K. (1939). The Organism: A holistic approach to biology derived from pathological data in man. Salt Lake City: American Book Publishing. DOI: 10.1037/10021-000
  93. Graumann, C.F. (1969). Einführung in die Psychologie, Band 1. Frankfurt am Main: Akademische Verlaggesellschaft.
  94. Greco, A. (1995), Il disagio del cognitivismo: un simposio immaginario. In A. Greco (Ed.). Oltre il cognitivismo. Nuove prospettive per la psicologia (pp. 26-84). Milano: FrancoAngeli.
  95. Hall, C.S., & Lindzey, G. (1957). Theories of Personality. New York: Wiley. DOI: 10.1037/10910-000
  96. Hall, G.S. (1907). Adolescence: Its psychology and its relations to physiology, anthropology, sociology, sex, crime, religion and education, 2 voll. New York: Appleton.
  97. Hall, G.S. (1921). Aspects of Child Life and Education. New York: Appleton.
  98. Harlow, H.F., & Harlow, M.K. (1965). The affectional systems. In A.M. Schrier, H.F. Harlow, & F. Stollnitz (Eds.), Behavior of Non-Human Primates. New York: Academic Press.
  99. Hartmann, H. (1939). Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation. New York: International Universities Press, 1958. DOI: 10.1037/13180-000
  100. Hartmann, H. (1964). Essays on Ego Psychology. New York: International Universities Press.
  101. Hebb, D.O. (1949). The Organization of Behavior: A neuropsychological theory. New York: Wiley.
  102. Helmholtz, H. von (1856). Handbuch der physiologischen Optik. Leipzig: Voss.
  103. Helson, H. (1964). Adaptation-level Theory. New York: Harper & Row.
  104. Hering, K.E.K. (1874). Zur Lehre vom Lichtsinne. Sechs Mittheilungen an die Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Zweiter, unveränderter Abdruck. Wien: Gerold, 1878.
  105. Hinde, R.A. (1972). Non-Verbal Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  106. Holzkamp, K. (1974). Psicologia critica. Milano: Mazzotta.
  107. Hook, S. (Ed.) (1959). Psychoanalysis, Scientific Method, and Philosophy: A Symposium. New York: New York University Press.
  108. Hull, C.L. (1929). A functional interpretation of the conditioned reflex. Psychological Review, 36, 498-511.
  109. Hull, C. L. (1943). Principles of Behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  110. Ittelson, W.H. (1962). Perception and transactional psychology. In S. Koch (Ed.) Psychology: A study of a science, vol 4, 660-704. New York: McGraw-Hill. DOI: 10.1037/10541-014
  111. Ittelson, W. H., & Cantril, H. (1954). Perception: A transactional approach. New York: Doubleday. DOI: 10.1037/13202-000
  112. Jaensch, E.R. (1925). Die Eidetik und die typologische Forschungsmethode. Leipzig: Quelle & Meyer.
  113. James, W. (1890). The Principles of Psychology, 2 voll. New York: Henry Holt and Co. DOI: 10.1037/11059-00
  114. James, W., & Lange, C.G. (1922). The Emotions. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co. DOI: 10.1037/10735-000
  115. Jensen, A.R. (1969). Race and intelligence: The differences are real. Psychology Today, 3, 4-6.
  116. Johnson-Laird, P.N. (1983). Mental Models: Toward a cognitive science of language, inference and consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  117. Johnson-Laird, P.N., & Wason, P.C. (1972). Psychology of Reasoning: Structure and content. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  118. Kandel, E.R. (2007). In Search of Memory. The Emergence of a New Science of Mind. New York: Norton & Co.
  119. Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., & Jessell, T.M. (1981). Principles of Neural Science. New York: McGraw-Hill, 5th ed. 2012.
  120. Kantor, J.R. (1959). Interbehavioral Psychology: A sample of scientific system construction (Rev. ed.). Granville, OH: Principia Press. DOI: 10.1037/13165-000
  121. Katz, D. (1911/1930). Der Aufbau der Farben. Leipzig: J.A. Barth.
  122. Kelly, G. (1955). The Psychology of Personal Constructs, 2 voll. New York: Norton & Co.
  123. Klein, M. (1921). Eine Kinderentwicklung. Imago, 251-309.
  124. Klein, M. (1952). Some theoretical conclusions regarding the emotional life of the infant. In: Envy and Gratitude and Other Works 1946-1963 (pp. 61-93). London: Hogarth Press, 1975.
  125. Koehler, W. (1933). Psychologische Probleme. Berlin: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-48560-2
  126. Koffka, K. (1935). Principles of Gestalt Psychology. New York: Harcourt; Brace & World.
  127. Kretschmer, E. (1925). Körperbau und Charakter. Berlin: Julius Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-30127-2
  128. Külpe, O. (1912). Vorlesungen über Psychologie. Über die moderne Psychologie des Denkens. Leipzig: Hirzel.
  129. Lacan, J. (1966). Écrits, Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
  130. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1999), Philosophy in the Flesh: The embodied mind and its challenge to Western thought. New York: Basic Books.
  131. Lashley, K.S. (1930). Basic neural mechanisms in behavior. Psychological Review, 37, 1-24.
  132. Lecky, P. (1945). Self-consistency: A theory of personality. New York: Island Press. 
  133. LeDoux, J. (1998). The Emotional Brain. The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  134. Lewin, K. (1935). A Dynamic Theory of Personality. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  135. Lewin, K. (1936). Principles of Topological Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill. DOI: 10.1037/10019-000
  136. Lichtenberg, J.D., Lachmann, F.M., & Fosshage, J.L. (2011). Psychoanalysis and Motivational Systems: A new look. New York: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9780203844748
  137. Lieberman, M.D. (2007). Social cognitive neuroscience: A review of core processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 259-89.
  138. Lindsay, P. H., & Norman, D. A. (1972). Human Information Processing. New York: Academic Press.
  139. Lorch, E.R. (1976). La qualità. Atti del Seminario tenuto a Venezia nel 1974. Bologna: il Mulino.
  140. Lorenz, K. (1932). Betrachtungen über das Erkennen der arteigenen Triebhandlungen der Vögel. Journal für Ornithologie, 80(1), 50-98.
  141. Luccio, R. (2013). Storia della psicologia. Un’introduzione. Roma-Bari: Laterza.
  142. Lundin, R.W. (1996), Theories and Systems of Psychology. Lexington Mass: DC Heat & Co., 5th ed.
  143. Lurija, A.R. (1962). Higher Cortical Functions in Man. Moscow University Press. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7741-2
  144. Mancia, M. (Ed.) (2006). Psicoanalisi e neuroscienze. Milano: Springer-Verlag Italia. DOI: 10.1007/978-88-470-0659-1
  145. Marhaba, S. (1981). Antinomie epistemologiche nella psicologia contemporanea. Firenze: Giunti Barbera.
  146. Maslow, A.H. (1943). Theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396.
  147. McClelland, J.L., Rumelhart, D.E., & the PDP Research Group (1986), Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Vol. 2: Psychological and Biological Models. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  148. McCrae, R.R., & Costa, P.T.Jr. (1987). Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 81-90. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81
  149. McDougall, W. (1908). An Introduction to Social Psychology (2nd ed.). London: Methuen & Co, 1909.
  150. McDougall, W. (1932). The Energies of Men: A study of the fundamentals of dynamic psychology. London: Methuen & Co. DOI: 10.1037/13634-000
  151. Merleau-Ponty, M. (1945). Phénomenologie de la perception. Paris: Gallimard.
  152. Meyer, A. (1948). The Commonsense Psychiatry. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  153. Miller, G.A., Galanter, E., & Pribram. K.H. (1960). Plans and the Structure of Behavior. New York: Holt & Co.
  154. Miller, N.E., & Dollard, J. (1941). Social Learning and Imitation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. DOI: 10.1037/10039-000
  155. Mowrer, O.H. (1947). On the dual nature of learning: A re-interpretation of “conditioning” and “problem-solving”. Harvard Educational Review, 17, 102-148.
  156. Murphy, G. (1953). Psychology and psychical research. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 50, 26-49.
  158. Murray, H.D. (1938). Explorations In Personality. New York: Oxford University Press.
  159. Musatti, C. (1964). Condizioni dell’esperienza e fondazione della psicologia. Firenze: Giunti.
  160. Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive Psychology. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
  161. Neisser, U. (1976). Cognition and Reality. Principles and implications of cognitive psychology. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman & Co.
  162. Norman, W.T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66(6), 574-583.
  163. Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective Neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
  164. Pavlov, I.P. (1927). Conditioned Reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. London: Oxford University Press.
  165. Pearson, K. (1904). On the Theory of Contingency and its Relation to Association and Normal Correlation. London: Dulau & Co.
  166. Pearson, K. (1905). On the General Theory of Skew Correlation and Non-linear Regression. London: Dulau & Co.
  167. Penfield, W., & Erickson, T.C. (1941). Epilepsy and Cerebral Localization. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas.
  168. Pepper, S. (1942). World Hypotheses: Prolegomena to systematic philosophy and a complete survey of metaphysics. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press.
  169. Piaget, J. (1923). Le langage et la pensée chez l’enfant. Paris: Delachaux et Niestlé.
  170. Piaget, J. (1926). La représentation du monde chez l’enfant. Paris: PUF.
  171. Piaget, J. (1950). Introduction à l’épistémologie génétique, I-III. Paris: PUF.
  172. Pissacroia, M. (1985). Delle psicoanalisi possibili: Bion, Lacan, Matte Blanco. Roma: Borla.
  173. Premack, D. (1963). Rate differential reinforcement in monkey manipulation. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 6, 81-90.
  174. Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4, 515-526.
  175. Prigogine, I., & Stengers, I. (1986). La nouvelle alliance. Paris: Gallimard.
  176. Putnam, H. (1961). Brains and behavior. In: Mathematics, Matter and Method: Philosophical Papers, Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  177. Ramachandran, V.S. (2002). Encyclopedia of the Human Brain. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.
  178. Rapaport, D. (1960). The Structure of Psychoanalytic Theory: A systematic attempt. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
  179. Rizzolatti, G., & Sinigaglia, C. (2006). So quel che fai. Il cervello che agisce e i neuroni specchio. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  181. Rogers, C. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships as developed in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of a science. Vol. 3: Formulations of the person and the social context (pp. 184-256). New York: McGraw Hill.
  182. Rosenzweig, M.R., Bennett, E.L., & Diamond, M.C. (1972). Brain changes in response to experience. Scientific American, 226(21), 22-29.
  183. Rumelhart, D.E., McClelland, J.L., & the PDP Research Group (1986), Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Vol. 1: Foundations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  184. Ruppel, P.S., & Mey, G. (2015). Grounded theory methodology: Narrativity revisited. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 49(2), 174-186.
  185. Sander, L. (2004). Living Systems, Evolving Consciousness, and the Emerging Person: A selection of papers from the life work of Louis Sander (Eds G. Amadei and I. Bianchi). Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press. DOI: 10.4324/9780203837580
  186. Schore, A. (1994). Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  187. Searle, J. (1984). Minds, Brains and Science: The 1984 Reith Lectures. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  188. Sears, R.R. (1943). Survey of Objective Studies of Psychoanalytic Concepts. New York: Social Science Research Council. DOI: 10.1037/11390-000
  189. Selye, H.H.B. (1956). The Stress of Life. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  190. Selz, O. (1922). Zur Psychologie der produktiven Denkens und des Irrtums. Bonn: Cohen.
  191. Sforzini, P. (1970). La psicologia dalle origini al primo Novecento. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
  192. Shannon, C.E., & Weaver, W. (1949). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379-423, 623-656.
  193. Sheldon, W., & Stevens, S.S. (1942). Varieties of Human Temperament: A psychology of constitutional differences. New York: Harper & Row.
  194. Skinner, B.F (1938). The Behavior Of Organisms: An experimental analysis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  195. Skinner, B.F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York: Free Press.
  196. Smith, R. (1997). The Human Sciences. New York: Harper & Collins.
  197. Solms, M., & Turnbull, O. (2002). The Brain and the Inner World. An introduction to the neuroscience of subjective experience. London & New York: Karnac Books.
  198. Sontag, L.W. (1944). War and the fetal-maternal relationship. Marriage and Family Living, 6, 3-5. DOI: 10.2307/346811
  199. Sontag, L.W., & Richards, T.W. (1938). Studies in fetal behavior: I. Fetal heart rate as abehavioral indicator. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 3(4 Serial No. 17), 1-67. DOI: 10.2307/1165470
  200. Spearman, C. (1904), General intelligence objectively determinated. The American Journal of Psychology, 15/2, 201-292. DOI: 10.2307/1412107
  201. Spencer, H. (1872-73). Principles of Psychology. New York: Appleton & Co. DOI: 10.1037/12279-000
  202. Spitz, R.A. (1945). Hospitalism: An inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions in early childhood. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 1, 53-74.
  203. Spitz, R.A. (1946). Anaclitic depression: An inquiry into the genesis of a psychiatric condition in early childhood. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 2, 313-342.
  204. Stern, D. (1985). The Interpersonal World of the Infant: A view from psychoanalysis and developmental psychology. New York: Basic Books.
  205. Stern, W. (1911). Die differentielle Psychologie in ihren methodischen Grundlagen. Leipzig: Barth.
  206. Stevens, S.S. (1951). Handbook of Experimental Psychology. New York: John Wiley& Sons.
  207. Stolorow, R.D., & Atwood, G.E. (1992). Contexts of Being. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press. DOI: 10.4324/9781315803418
  208. Sullivan, H.S. (1953). The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry. New York: Norton & Co.
  209. Tanner, W.P., & Swets, J.A. (1954). A decision-making theory of visual detection. Psychological Review, 61, 401-409.
  210. Terman, L.M. (1916), The uses of intelligence tests. In: The Measurement of Intelligence (chapter 1). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. DOI: 10.1037/10014-001
  211. Thom, R. (1972). Stabilité structurelle et morphogénèse. Reading, MA: W.A. Benjamin.
  212. Thom, R. (1980). Qualità/quantità. In Enciclopedia Einaudi, Torino: Einaudi, vol, 11, 460-476.
  213. Thorndike, E.L. (1898). Animal intelligence. An experimental study of the associative processes in animals. The Psychological Review, Monograph Supplements 2/4.
  214. Thorndike, E.L. (1905). The Elements of Psychology. New York: Seiler. DOI: 10.1037/10881-000
  215. Thurstone, L.L. (1928). Attitudes can be measured. American Journal of Sociology, 33, 529-554. DOI: 10.1086/214483
  216. Tinbergen, N. (1951). The Study of Instinct. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  217. Titchener, E.B. (1898). The postulates of a structural psychology. Philosophical Review, 7, 449-465. DOI: 10.2307/2177110
  218. Titchener, E.B. (1901-05). Experimental Psychology, 4 voll. New York: MacMillan. DOI: 10.1037/10766-000
  219. Tolman, E.C. (1932). Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  220. Tolman, E.C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. The Psychological Review, 55(4), 189-208.
  221. Toolema, A. (2010), Quantitative methods in psychology: Inevitable and useless. Frontiers in Psychology, 1, 29.
  222. Tronick, E. (2007). The Neurobehavioral and Social-emotional Development of Infants and Children. New York: Norton & Co.
  223. Varela, F.J., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The Embodied Mind. Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  224. Von Bertalanffy, L. (1968). General System Theory. Development, Applications. New York: George Braziller.
  225. Von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1953). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  226. Vygotsky, L.S. (1926). Educational Psychology. Introduction by V.V. Davydov. Boca Raton: St. Lucie Press, 1997.
  227. Vygotskij, L.S. (1934). Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1962. DOI: 10.1037/11193-000
  228. Watson, J.B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-177.
  229. Watson, J.B. (1930). Behaviorism (revised edition). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  230. Weber, E.H. (1851). Die Lehre  vom Tastsinn und Gemeingefühl – auf Versuche gegründet. Braunschweig: Verlag Friedrich  Vieweg und Sohn.
  231. Weber, E.H. (1935). Über den Tastsinn. Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin, 152-160
  232. Werner, H., & Wapner, S. (1952). Experiments on sensory-tonic field theory of perception. V. Effect of body status on the kinesthetic perception of verticality. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44(2), 126-31.
  233. Wernicke, C. (1874). Der aphasische Symptomenkomplex. Eine psychologische Studie auf anatomischer Basis. Breslau: M. Cohn & Weigert.
  234. Wertheimer, M. (1912). Experimentelle Studien über das Sehen von Bewegung. In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie, Band 61, 161-265.
  235. Wertheimer, M. (1922-23). Untersuchungen zur Lehre von der Gestalt. Psychologische Forschung, Band 1, 47-58; Band 4, 301-350.
  236. Wertheimer, M. (1945). Productive Thinking. New York: Harper.
  237. Wiener, N. (1948). Cybernetics, or control and communication in the animal and the machine. Cambridge: MIT Press. DOI: 10.1037/13140-000
  238. Witkin, H.A., Lewis, H. B., Hertzman, M., et al. (1954). Personality through Perception. New York: Harper & Bro.
  239. Woodworth, R.S. (1928). Dynamic Psychology. New York: Arno Press, 2nd ed.
  240. Wundt, W. (1873-74), Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.
  241. Wundt, W. (1896). Grundriss der Psychologie. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.
  242. Wundt, W. (1900-20). Völkerpsychologie. Eine Untersuchung der Entwicklungs-gesetze von Sprache, Mythos und Sitte. 10 Bände. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.

  • Carlo Cristini: un ricordo a pi&ugrav Alessandro Antonietti, Carlo Cipolli, Rossana De Beni, Anna Maria Della Vedova, Santo Di Nuovo, Mario Fulcheri, Gianbattista Guerrini, Luciano Peirone, Alessandro Porro, Pietro Vigorelli, in RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA 4/2022 pp.1
    DOI: 10.3280/rip2021oa13098

Davide Cavagna, Carlo Cristini, Marcello Cesa-Bianchi, Rassegna storica degli indirizzi quantitativi e qualitativi in psicologia in "RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA " 1/2017, pp 25-66, DOI: 10.3280/RIP2017-001002