Bias attentivo verso gli stimoli inerenti la colpa nel disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo: un’indagine preliminare

Titolo Rivista QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA
Autori/Curatori Teresa Cosentino, Enrico Iuliano, Angelo Saliani, Claudia Perdighe, Francesco Mancini
Anno di pubblicazione 2017 Fascicolo 2017/41
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 13 P. 5-17 Dimensione file 163 KB
DOI 10.3280/QPC2017-041001
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

Numerosi studi ed osservazioni cliniche sostengono l’ipotesi che l’attività ossessiva sia finalizzata all’evitamento della possibilità di esser colpevole, esperienza giudicata inaccettabile e intollerabile da tali pazienti. Lo studio qui riportato si colloca in questo filone di ricerca. Partendo dall’evidenza che nella gran parte dei disturbi d’ansia si riscontra un orienta- mento selettivo dell’attenzione verso gli stimoli inerenti la minaccia temuta, ci si aspettava di trovare nei nostri pazienti ossessivi la presenza di un bias attentivo verso gli stimoli inerenti la colpa. Per averne conferma, 16 pazienti con disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo e 16 soggetti non clinici di controllo sono stati sottoposti ad una versione dello Stroop Test emozionale basato su parole emozionalmente neutre e parole inerenti la colpa. I risultati, seppure preliminari dato l’esiguo numero di soggetti coinvolti nello studio, sembrano indicare che l’attenzione dei pazienti ossessivi è selettivamente orientata verso gli stimoli inerenti la colpa, confermando la sensibilità dei pazienti ossessivi verso tale esperienza. Sono discusse le implicazioni cliniche di tale fenomeno e gli auspicabili sviluppi futuri di tale ricerca.;

Keywords:Disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo, senso di colpa, bias attentivo, Stroop Test emotivo, disturbi d’ansia.

  1. Smith S.D., Most S.B., Newsome L.A., Zald D.H. (2006). An emotion-induced attentional blink elicited by aversively conditioned stimuli. Emotion, 6: 523- 527. DOI: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.52
  2. Van Oppen P., Arntz A. (1994). Cognitive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32: 79-87.
  3. American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition. Washington: American Psychiatric Association.
  4. Lang A.J., Sarmiento J. (2004). Relationship of attentional bias to anxiety sensivity and panic. Depression and Anxiety, 20: 190-194.
  5. Vogt J., Lozo L., Koster E.H., De Houwer J. (2011). On the role of goal relevance in emotional attention: disgust evokes early attention to cleanliness. Cognition and Emotion, 25: 466-77. DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2010.53261
  6. Williams J.M.G., Mathews A., MacLeod C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 120: 3-24.
  7. Amir N., Elias J., Klumpp H., Pezeworski A. (2003). Attentional bias to threat in social phobia: Facilitated processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention from threat. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41: 1325-1335.
  8. Amir N., Freshman M., Foa E. (2002). Enhanced Stroop interference for social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16: 1-9.
  9. Austin J.T., Vancouver J.B. (1996). Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. Psychological Bulletin, 120: 338-375.
  10. Bar-Haim Y., Lamy D., Pergamin L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, van Ijzendoorn
  11. M.H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and non-anxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133: 1-24. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.
  12. Beck A.T., Emery G., Greenberg R.L. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. New York: Basic Books Press.
  13. Becker E.S., Rinck M., Margraf I., Roth W.T. (2001). The Emotional Stroop effect in anxiety disorder: General emotionality or disorder specificity? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 15: 147-155.
  14. Cosentino T., D’Olimpio F., Perdighe C., Romano G., Saliani A.M., Mancini F. (2012). Acceptance of being guilty in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, Monograph Supplement: 39-56.
  15. Cosentino T., Mancini F. (2012). “Do i love her or not?!” intervention on fear of being despised: an obsessive-compulsive disorder case presentation. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 18: 157-171.
  16. Dobson K.S., Dozois D.J.A. (2004). Attentional bias in eating disorder: Ameta-analy- tic review of Stroop performance. Clinical Psychology Review, 23: 1001-22.
  17. D’Olimpio F., Mancini F. (2014). Role of Deontological Guilt in Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder – Like Checking and Washing Behaviors. Clinical Psychological Science, 2: 727-739.
  18. Eysenck M.W., Calvo M.G. (1992). Anxiety and performance: The processing efficiency theory. Cognition and Emotion, 6: 409-434.
  19. Eysenck M.W., Keane M.T. (2010). Cognitive psychology: A student’s handbook. New York: Psychology Press.
  20. First M.B., Michael B., Spitzer R.L., Robert L., Gibbon M.W., Janet B.W. (2002). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I/NP). New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
  21. First M.B., Spitzer R.L., Gibbon M.W., Williams J.B.W. (1997). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders Patient Edition (SCID-I/P, version 2.0, 4/97 revision). New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
  22. Folk C.L., Remington R.W. (2008). Bottom-up priming of top-down control settings. Visual Cognition, 16: 215-231.
  23. Folk C.L., Remington R.W., Johnston, J.C. (1992). Involuntary covert orienting is contingent on attentional control settings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18: 1030-1044.
  24. Gangemi A., Mancini F., van den Hout M. (2007). Feeling guilty as a source of information about threat and performance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45: 2387-2396.
  25. Koster E.H.W., Crombez G., Van Damme S., Verschuere B., De Houwer J. (2004).
  26. Does imminent threat capture and hold attention? Emotion, 4: 312-317.
  27. Koster E.H.W., Crombez G., Van Damme S., Verschuere B., De Houwer J. (2005). Signals for threat modulate attentional capture and holding: fear-conditioning and extinction during the exogenous cueing task. Cognition and Emotion, 19: 771-780.
  28. LeDoux J.E. (1996). The emotional brain. New York: Simon & Schuster. Lopatcka C., Rachman S. (1995). Perceived responsibility compulsive and checking: an experimental analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33: 673-684.
  29. MacLeod C., Mathews A., Tata P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95: 15-20.
  30. Mancini F., D’Olimpio F., Cieri L. (2003). Manipulation of responsibility in non-clinical subjects: Does expectation of failure exacerbate obsessive-compulsive behaviours?. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42: 449-457.
  31. Mancini F., Gangemi A. (2011). Fear of deontological guilt and fear of contamination in obsessive compulsive patient. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 17, 3: 395-404.
  32. Mogg K., Bradley B.P., Dixon C., Fisher H.T., McWilliams A. (2000). Trait anxiety, defensiveness and selective processing of threat: an investigation using two measures of attentional bias. Personality and Individual Differences, 28: 1063-1077.
  33. Mogg K., Bradley B.P. (2006). Time course of attentional bias for relevant pictures in spider-fearful individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44: 1241-1250.
  34. Nakao T., Nakagawa A., Yoshiura T., Nakatani E., Nabeyama M., Yoshizato C., Kudoh A., Tada K., Yoshioka K., Kawamoto M., Togao O., Kanba S. (2005). Brain activation of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder during neuro- psychological and symptom provocation tasks before and after symptom improvement: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biological Psychiatry, 57: 901-910.
  35. Bias attentivo verso gli stimoli inerenti la colpa nel disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo: un’indagine preliminare
  36. Perdighe C., Mancini F. (2012). A case report of obsessive-compulsive disorder: reduce fear of guilt to reduce symptoms. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 18: 343-356.
  37. Pineles L.S., Shiperd J.C., Welch L.P., Yovel I. (2007). The role of attentional bias in PTSD: Is it interference or facilitation? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45: 1903-1913.
  38. Rachman S. (2006). Fear of contamination: assessment and treatment. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
  39. Rothermund K., Wentura D., Bak P.M. (2001). Automatic attention to stimuli signalling chances and dangers: Moderating effects of positive and negative goal and action contexts. Cognition and Emotion, 15: 231-248. DOI: 10.1080/026999300420007
  40. Salkovskis P.M. (1985). Obsessive-compulsive problems: a cognitive-behavioral analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23: 571-583.
  41. Salkovskis P.M., Forrester E. (2002). Responsibility. In: Frost R.O., Steketee G. (eds.), Cognitive approaches to obsessions and compulsions. Oxford: Elsevier Science.
  42. Schienle A., Schäfer A., Stark R., Walter B., Vaitl D. (2005). Neural responses of OCD patients towards disorder-relevant, generally disgustinducing and fear- inducing pictures. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 57: 69-77.
  43. Shafran R. (1997). The manipulation of responsibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36: 397-407.
  44. Shafran R., Lee M., Cooper Z., Palmer R.L., Fairbum C.G. (2007). Attentional bias in eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40: 369-380.
  45. Shafran R., Lee M., Cooper Z., Palmer R.L., Fairbum C.G. (2008). Effect of psychological treatment on Attentional bias in eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 41: 348-354.
  46. Shapiro L.J., Stewart E.S. (2011). Pathological guilt: a persistent yet overlooked treatment factor in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Annual Clinical Psychiatry, 23: 63-70.

Teresa Cosentino, Enrico Iuliano, Angelo Saliani, Claudia Perdighe, Francesco Mancini, Bias attentivo verso gli stimoli inerenti la colpa nel disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo: un’indagine preliminare in "QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA" 41/2017, pp 5-17, DOI: 10.3280/QPC2017-041001