Eating disorders and adolescence. From diagnosis to treatment

Titolo Rivista RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA
Autori/Curatori Annalisa Signorelli
Anno di pubblicazione 2022 Fascicolo 2022/3
Lingua Inglese Numero pagine 23 P. 81-103 Dimensione file 226 KB
DOI 10.3280/RSF2022-003005
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Eating Disorders (EDs) are potentially serious disabling, pervasive, and life-threatening mental disorders that can greatly impair physical health and significantly alter an individual's psychosocial functioning. They are some of the most prevalent disorders during adolescence and often take a chronic and disabling course, although they can occur across the whole lifespan. Prevalence appears to be higher in Western populations and in the female sex. They play a key role in the origin and maintenance of symptomatology, predominantly: distorted beliefs, distorted perceptions, dysfunctional attitudes toward weight, body shape, and nutrition, which take hold beginning in childhood or adolescence, but also genetic bases, socio-cultural and environmental factors. Given the complexity of the etiology of such psychopathologies and maintenance factors, treatment must contemplate a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach. To date, the deep understanding of the pathophysiology and psychobiology of EDs remains to be further investigated.

I disturbi del comportamento alimentare (DCA) sono disturbi mentali potenzialmente gravi, pervasivi e mortali che possono compromettere notevolmente la salute fisica e alterare in modo significativo il funzionamento psicosociale dell’individuo. Sono alcuni dei disturbi più diffusi in adolescenza e spesso assumono un decorso cronico e invalidante, anche se possono presentarsi lungo l’arco di vita. La prevalenza sembra essere maggiore nelle popolazioni occidentali e nel sesso femminile. Svolgono un ruolo chiave nell’origine e nel mantenimento della sintomatologia, prevalentemente: convinzioni distorte, percezioni distorte, atteggiamenti disfunzionali nei confronti del peso, della forma del corpo e dell’alimentazione, che prendono piede a partire dall’infanzia o dall’adolescenza, ma anche basi genetiche, fattori socio- culturali e ambientali. Data la complessità dell’eziologia di tali psicopatologie e dei fattori di mantenimento, il trattamento deve contemplare un approccio multidimensionale e multidisciplinare. Ad oggi, la comprensione profonda della fisiopatologia e della psicobiologia dei DCA resta da approfondire.

Keywords:disturbi alimentari, adolescenza, fattori di rischio, fattori di mantenimento, trattamento.

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Annalisa Signorelli, Eating disorders and adolescence. From diagnosis to treatment in "RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA" 3/2022, pp 81-103, DOI: 10.3280/RSF2022-003005