Post-Acute Covid-19 Syndrome: a Pnei overview of cardiovascolar symptoms and the potential role of integrative treatment

Journal title PNEI REVIEW
Author/s Stefania Cataldo
Publishing Year 2022 Issue 2022/2
Language Italian Pages 16 P. 92-107 File size 138 KB
DOI 10.3280/PNEI2022-002009
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Cardiovascular involvement during Covid-19 was early reported after the pandemic outbreak. Post-Acute Covid-19 Syndrome is defined as the persistence of symptoms or complications 4 weeks after disease onset. Reported incidence is 32-72% of patients; amongst common symptoms are shortness of breath (42-66%), palpitations (9-10.9%) and chest pain (5-21.7%). Aim of this paper is to examine pathogenetic pathways as- sociated with cardiovascular involvement in both acute and post-acute disease from a Pnei perspective and provide an overview of integrative therapeutic approach. Sys- temic and localized inflammation, autonomic imbalance and abnormal regulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system often coexist and may be worsened by stress. Besides, direct damage to cardiac cells may be caused by SARS-CoV-2. Originating clinical presentation is frequently varied and complex. Thus, treatment should take into account factors associated with individual response and should be personalized, multisystemic, multidisciplinary and integrated. It should include nutrition, restora- tion of eubiosis, physical exercise programs, mental health and socio-environmental care. In addition, body-mind disciplines, breathwork and vagal stimulation may be considered.

Keywords: Covid-19, Cardiovascular disease, Integrative treatment, Inflammation, Stress, Immunity.

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Stefania Cataldo, Post-Acute Covid-19 Syndrome: manifestazioni cardiovascolari in ottica Pnei e potenziale ruolo della terapia integrata in "PNEI REVIEW" 2/2022, pp 92-107, DOI: 10.3280/PNEI2022-002009