Journal title PRISMA Economia - Società - Lavoro
Author/s Ronald Car
Publishing Year 2026 Issue 2026/1
Language Italian Pages 14 P. 40-53 File size 115 KB
DOI 10.3280/PRI2026-001004
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The Weimar constitution was hailed as «the most democratic in the world», aiming at democratizing both the politics and economy. But at the systemic level, a more composite framework was adopted, with a strong President of the Republic endowed not only with autonomous plebiscitary legitimacy, but also with broad emergency powers ex Article 48. As for the democratization of economy, it depended on Parliament's ability to implement Articles 156 (nationalization of key sectors of the economy) and 165 (representation of economic interests), as well as on the full confirmation of the public role of trade unions, company workers’ councils, and collective wage agreements. The consolidation of the new system soon became hostage to a triple conflict between: a party system designed to seek in the Parliament the difficult synthesis between the plurality of social interests; the bureaucratic-military elite holding – through the President of the Republic – the traditional dominion over the state machine; and finally, the new political ambitions of the economic elite gathered in business associations. The degeneration of the Weimar parliamentary government into an autonomous presidential executive escalated in the years between 1930 and 1933. Declaring itself the sole custodian of the popular mandate, the executive bypassed or excluded from the decision-making processes all instances of control until it became effectively not responsible. The new form of government was consolidated by creating ad hoc institutions justified by the need to give effect to emergency decrees, used to organically redefine economic and social relations in the country, by managing the industrial cartels and the banking sector, imposing wage reductions, cutting subsidies, and amending labor law, as well as civil and criminal procedure. The systematic use of emergency decrees paved the way for a tacit redefinition of the form of government, which in turn opened the way to the Hitlerian autocracy in 1933.
Keywords: Weimar constitution, emergency decrees, business associations, market rationality, Wirtschaftsbeirat.
Ronald Car, Il monito di Weimar: come il sovranismo mercatistico scavalcò la democrazia in "PRISMA Economia - Società - Lavoro" 1/2026, pp 40-53, DOI: 10.3280/PRI2026-001004