Lo studio del caso singolo dalla ricerca clinica alla ricerca sperimentale: un eterno dilemma?

Journal title PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE
Author/s Horst Kächele
Publishing Year 2017 Issue 2017/2
Language Italian Pages 24 P. 187-210 File size 124 KB
DOI 10.3280/PU2017-002002
DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation click here

Below, you can see the article first page

If you want to buy this article in PDF format, you can do it, following the instructions to buy download credits

Article preview

FrancoAngeli is member of Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA), a not-for-profit association which run the CrossRef service enabling links to and from online scholarly content.

From case study to single case research: A perennial issue? The red thread of this paper covers the journey from narration to observation. Case histories stood at the cradle of the psychoanalytic discovery tour; this paradigm comprises not only the classic pieces of Freud, but shapes the reporting style in the scientific community until today. An oral tradition combined with loosely written case studies constituted the major means of reporting the insights gained by introducing the therapeutic situation as a field for discovery oriented research. Wallerstein & Sampson’s 1971 paper marks a turning point in the field’s attention to the problematic situation. It became more and more clear that the ongoing oscillation between clinical hypothesis creating and the formal testing of them is crucial for the development of clinical psychoanalysis as a science.

Keywords: Single case research; Psychoanalysis; History; Epistemology; Evidence

  1. Freud S. (1924). Il tramonto del complesso edipico. Opere, 10: 27-33. Torino: Boringhieri, 1978.
  2. Freud S. (1927). Il problema dell'analisi condotta da non medici. Conversazione con un interlo-cutore imparziale. Poscritto. Opere, 10: 416-423. Torino: Boringhieri, 1978.
  3. Ávila-Espada A. & Mitjavila M. (2003). El método del plan de acción latente de la terapeuta (TKLAP). Un nuevo método para predecir la contribución cualitativa del terapeuta al resultado de tratamiento. Subjetividad y Procesos Cognitivos, 3: 9-36.
  4. Breuer J. (1892-95). 1. Signorina Anna O. In: Breuer J. & Freud S., Studi sull’isteria. Capitolo 2: Casi clinici. Opere, 1: 189-212. Torino: Boringhieri, 1967.
  5. Brosig B., Kupfer J., Brähler E. & Eucker D. (1997). M. Crohn – Einzelfallanalyse eines The-rapieverlaufes. In: Kosarz P. & Traue H.C., editors, Psychosomatik chronisch-entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen. Bern: Huber, 1997, pp. 169-184.
  6. Bucci W. (1988). Converging evidence for emotional structures: Theory and method. In: Dahl, Kächele & Thomä, 1988, pp. 29-49.
  7. Bucci W. (1997a). Pattern of discourse in good and troubled hours. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 45, 1: 155-188. DOI: 10.1177/00030651970450010301
  8. Bucci W. (1997b). Psychoanalysis and Cognitive Science: A Multiple Code Theory. New York: Guilford (trad. it.: Psicoanalisi e scienza cognitiva. Una teoria del codice multiplo. Roma: Fioriti, 1999).
  9. Chassan J.B. (1967). Research Design in Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry. New York: Ap-pleton-Century-Crofts.
  10. Chassan J.B. & Bellak L. (1966). An introduction to intensive design in the evaluation of drug efficacy during psychotherapy. In: Gottschalk L.A. & Auerbach A.H., editors, Methods of Research in Psychotherapy. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966, pp. 478-499.
  11. Dahl H. (1972). A quantitative study of psychoanalysis. In: Holt R.R. & Peterfreund E., editors, Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Science. New York: Macmillan, 1972, pp. 237-257.
  12. Dahl H., Kächele H. & Thomä H., editors (1988). Psychoanalytic Process Research Strategies. Berlin: Springer.
  13. Davison G.C. & Lazarus A.A. (1994). Clinical innovation and evaluation. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 1: 157-167.
  14. Dazzi N., Lingiardi V. & Colli A., a cura di (2006). La ricerca in psicoterapia. Modelli e Stru-menti. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  15. De Maat S., de Jonghe F., Schoevers R. & Dekker J. (2009). The effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic therapy: A systematic review of empirical studies. Harvard Review of Psy-chiatry, 17, 1: 1-23. DOI: 10.1080/10673220902742476
  16. Desmet M., Meganck R., Seybert C., Willemsen J., Geerardyn F., Dclercq F., Inslegers R., Trenson E., Vanheule S., Kirschner L., Schindler I. & Kächele H. (2013) Psychoanalytic single cases published in ISI-ranked journals: The construction of an online archive. Psy-chotherapy and Psychosomatics, 82, 2: 120-121. DOI: 10.1159/000342019
  17. Donnellan G.J. (1978). Single-subject research and psychoanalytic theory. Bulletin of the Men-ninger Clinic, 42: 352-357.
  18. Dukes W.F. (1965). N = 1. Psychological Bulletin, 64, 1: 74-79.
  19. Eagle MN. & Wakefield J. (2004). How not to escape from the Grünbaum Syndrome: A critique of the “new view” of psychoanalysis. In: Casement A, editor, Who Owns Psychoanalysis. London: Karnac, 2004, pp. 343-361.
  20. Eagle M.N. & Wolitzky D.L. (2011). Systematic empirical research versus clinical case studies: A valid antagonism. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 59, 4: 791-818. DOI: 10.1177/0003065111416652
  21. Edelson M. (1984). Hypothesis and Evidence in Psychoanalysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press (trad. it.: Ipotesi e prova in psicoanalisi. Roma: Astrolabio, 1986).
  22. Edelson M. (1985). The hermeneutic turn and the single case study in psychoanalysis. Psycho-analysis and Contemporary Thought, 8: 567-614.
  23. Edelson M. (1988). Psychoanalysis. A Theory in Crisis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  24. Ehlich K., editor (1980). Erzählen im Alltag. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
  25. Fonagy P. (2009). Endorsement (in retrocopertina) del libro di Kächele, Schachter & Thomä, 2009.
  26. Fonagy P. & Moran G. (1993). Selecting single case research design for clinicians. In: Miller N., Luborsky L., Barber J.P., Docherty J., editors (1993). Psychodynamic Treatment Research. A Handbook for Clinical Practice. New York: Basic Books, 1993, pp 62-95.
  27. Forrester J. (1980). Language and the Origins of Psychoanalysis. London: Macmillan.
  28. Freud S. (1909). Osservazioni su un caso di nevrosi ossessiva (Caso clinico dell’Uomo dei topi). Opere, 6: 1-124. Torino: Boringhieri, 1974.
  29. Freud S. (1917). Introduzione alla psicoanalisi. Lezione 28: La terapia analitica. Opere, 8: 597-611. Torino: Boringhieri, 1976.
  30. Frommer J. & Langenbach M. (2001). The psychoanalytic case study as a source of epistemic knowledge. In: Frommer J. & Rennie D.L., editors, Qualitative Psychotherapy Research. Methods and Methodology. Lengerich: Pabst, 2001, pp 50-68.
  31. Gabbard G.O. & Westen D. (2003). Rethinking therapeutic action. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 84, 4: 823-841.
  32. Gazzillo F., Waldron S., Genova F., Angeloni F., Ristucci C. & Lingiardi V. (2014). An empir-ical investigation of analytic process: Contrasting a good and poor outcome case. Psycho-therapy, 51, 2: 270-282.
  33. Gill M.M. (1984). Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy: a revision. International Review of Psy-choanalysis, 11, 2: 161-179 (trad. it.: Psicoanalisi e psicoterapia: una revisione. In Del Corno F. & Lang M., a cura di, Psicologia Clinica. Vol. 4: Trattamenti in setting individuale. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 1989, pp. 128-157; II ed.: 1999, pp. 206-236). Edizione su Internet con una introduzione di Paolo Migone: --www.priory.com/ital/10a-Gill.htm --(dibattito: http://www.psychomedia.it/pm-lists/debates/gill-dib-1.htm).
  34. Glover E. (1952). Research methods in psychoanalysis. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 33: 403-409.
  35. Gould S.J. (1986). Evolution and the triumph of homology, or why history matters. American Scientist, 74, 1: 60-69.
  36. Grawe K. (1988). Zurück zur psychotherapeutischen Einzelfallforschung. Zeitschrift für Klini-sche Psychologie, 17: 4-5.
  37. Grünbaum A. (1984). The Foundations of Psyhoanalysis. A Philosophical Critique. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press (trad.it.: I fondamenti della psicoanalisi. Milano: Il Sag-giatore, 1988).
  38. Grünbaum A. (1988). The role of the case study method in the foundations of psychoanalysis. In: Vetter H. & Nagl L., editors, Die Philosophen und Freud. Wien: Oldenbourg, 1988, pp. 134-174.
  39. Gullestad F. & Wilberg T. (2011). Change in reflective functioning during psychotherapy: A single-case study. Psychotherapy Research, 21, 1: 97-111. DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2010.525759
  40. Hilliard R.B. (1993). Single case methodology in psychotherapy process and outcome research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 3: 373-380. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.61.3.373
  41. Iwakabe S. (2012). Extending systematic case study method: Generating and testing hypotheses about therapeutic factors through comparisons of succesful and unsuccesful cases. Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy, 7: 339-350 --(http://pcsp.libraries.rutgers.edu).
  42. Iwakabe S. & Gazzola N. (2009). From single-case studies to practice-based knowledge: Ag-gregating and synthesizing case studies. Psychotherapy Research, 19, 4/5: 601-611.
  43. Jones E.E. & Windholz M. (1990). The psychoanalytic case study: Toward a method for sys-tematic inquiry. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 38, 4: 985-1016. DOI: 10.1177/000306519003800405
  44. Kächele H. (1992). Une nouvelle perspective de recherche en psychothe¬rapie – Le projet PEP. Psychothérapies, 2: 73-77.
  45. Kächele H. (2009). Psychoanalytische Prozesse: Methodische Illustrationen und methodolo-gische Reflexionen (Dissertation Dr. phil.). München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Fakultät für Psychologie und Pädagogik: --http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10558.
  46. Kächele H., Albani C., Buchheim A., Hölzer M., Hohage R., Mergenthaler E., Jiménez J.P., Leuzinger-Bohleber M., Neudert-Dreyer L., Pokorny D. & Thomä H. (2006) The German specimen case Amalia X: Empirical studies. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 87, 3: 809-826. DOI: 10.1516/17NN-M9HJ-U25A-YUU5
  47. Kächele H., Albani C. & Pokorny D. (2015). From psychoanalytic narrative case study to quan-titative single case research. In: Gelo O. & Pritz A., editors, Psychotherapy Research: Gen-eral Issues, Outcome and Process. Vienna: Springer, 2015, pp 367-379.
  48. Kächele H., Schachter J. & Thomä H., editors (2009). From Psychoanalytic Narrative to Em-pirical Single Case Research. Implications for Psychoanalytic Practice. New York: Routledge.
  49. Kächele H., Schachter J. & Thomä H. (2012). Single case research: The German specimen case Amalia X. In: Levy, Ablon & Kächele, 2012, pp. 471-486.
  50. Kächele H. & Thomä H. (1993). Psychoanalytic process research: Methods and achievements. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 41 (Suppl.): 109-129.
  51. Kächele H., Thomä H., Ruberg W. & Grünzig H.-J. (1988). Audio-recordings of the psychoan-alytic dialogue: Scientific, clinical and ethical problems. In: Dahl, Kächele & Thomä, 1988, pp. 179-194.
  52. Kazdin A.E. (2011). Single-case Research Designs. Methods for Clinical and Applied Settings. New York: Oxford University Press.
  53. Kline P. (1972). Fact and Fantasy in Freudian Theory. London: Methuen (2nd Edition: 1981).
  54. Krafft-Ebing R. von (1886). Psychopathia Sexualis: Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der conträren Sexualempfindung. Eine klinisch-forensische Studie. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke (trad. it.: Psychopathia sexualis: con particolare riguardo alla sensibilità sessuale invertita. Studio medico-legale ad uso dei medici e dei giuristi. Prefazione di Carlo Besta. Milano: Schor, 1931; Milano: C. Manfredi, 1952; Milano: PGreco, 2011).
  55. Lear J. (1998). Open Minded: Working Out the Logic of the Soul. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  56. Leichsenring F. & Rabung S. (2008). Effectiveness of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 300, 13: 1551-1565.
  57. Levy R.A., Ablon J.S. & Kächele H., editors (2012). Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Research. Evidence-Based Practice and Practice-Based Evidence. New York: Humana Press (trad. it.: La psicoterapia psicodinamica basata sulla ricerca. Milano: Raffaello Cortina, 2015).
  58. Levy R.A., Ablon J.S., Thomä H., Kächele H., Ackerman J., Erhardt I. & Seybert C. (2012). A session of psychoanalysis as analyzed by the Psychotherapy Process Q-set: Amalia X, session 152. In: Levy, Ablon & Kächele, 2012, pp. 509-528. (trad. it.: Una seduta di psi-coanalisi analizzata con il Psychotherapy Process Q-Set: Amalia X, Seduta 152, pp. 453-480).
  59. Levy K.N., Meehan K.B., Kelly K.M., Reynoso J.S., Weber M., Clarkin J.F. & Kernberg O.F. (2006). Change in attachment patterns and reflective function in a randomized control trial of Transference-Focused Psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 6: 1027-1040. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1027
  60. Leuzinger-Bohleber M. (1995). Die Einzelfallstudie als psychoanalytisches Forschungsinstru-ment. Psyche, 49, 5: 434-480.
  61. Lingiardi V., Gazzillo F. & Waldron S. (2010). An empirically supported psychoanalysis: The case of Giovanna. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 27, 2: 190-218.
  62. Lingiardi V., Shedler J. & Gazzillo F. (2006). Assessing personality change in psychotherapy with the SWAP-200: A case study. Journal of Personality Assessment, 86, 1: 23-32.
  63. López Moreno C.M., Schalayeff C., Acosta S.R., Vernengo P., Roussos A.J. & Dorfman Lerner B. (2005). Evaluation of psychic change through the application of empirical and clinical techniques for a 2-year treatment: a single case study. Psychotherapy Research, 15, 3: 199-209. DOI: 10.1080/10503300512331387799
  64. Luborsky L. (1970). New directions in research on neurotic and psychosomatic symptoms. American Scientist, 58: 661-668.
  65. Luborsky L. (1984). Principles of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. A Manual for Supportive-Expressive Treatment. New York: Basic Books (trad. it.: Princìpi di psicoterapia psicoa-nalitica. Manuale per il trattamento supportivo-espressivo. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1989). Dattiloscritto con copyright del 1976.
  66. Luborsky L. (1996). The context for stomach ulcer pain. In: Luborsky L., editor, The Symptom-Context Method. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1996, pp. 177-199.
  67. Luborsky L. & Crits-Christoph P. (1990). Understanding Transference: The CCRT Method. New York: Basic Books (trad. it.: Capire il transfert. Milano: Raffaello Cortina, 1992).
  68. Luborsky L., Diguer L., Seligman D.A., Rosenthal R., Krause E.D., Johnson S., Halperin G., Bishop M., Berman J.S. & Schweitzer E. (1999). The researcher’s own therapy allegiances: A “wild card” in comparisons of treatment efficacy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 6, 1: 95-106.
  69. Luborsky L. & Spence D.P. (1971). Quantitative research on psychoanalytic therapy. In: Bergin A.E. & Garfield S.L., editors, Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change, First Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1971, pp 408-438.
  70. Luborsky L. & Spence D.P. (1978). Quantitative research on psychoanalytic therapy. In: Garfield S.L. & Bergin A.E., editors, Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change, 2nd Edition. New York: Wiley, 1978, pp 331-368.
  71. MacKinnon D.W. & Dukes W.F. (1964). Repression. In: Postman L., editor, Psychology in the Making. New York: Knopf, 1964, pp. 662-744.
  72. Marmor J. (1962). Psychoanalytic therapy as an educational process. In: Masserman J., editor, Psychoanalytic Education. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1962, pp 286-299. Anche in: Psychiatry in Transition. Selected Papers by Judd Marmor. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1974.
  73. Marmor J. (1986). The question of causality. Commentary on Grünbaum’s “The Foundations of Psychoanalysis”. In: Grünbaum A. et al., Précis of “The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique”. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1986, 9, 2: 249 (trad. it.: La que-stione della causalità. In: Grünbaum A. et al., Psicoanalisi: obiezioni e risposte [1986]. A cura di Marcello. Roma: Armando, 1988, pp. 138-140).
  74. Masling J. & Cohen J. (1987). Psychotherapy, clinical evidence and the self-fulfilling prophecy. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 4, 1: 65-79.
  75. Mergenthaler E. (1998). I patterns di emozione-astrazione nei trascritti delle verbalizzazioni: un nuovo approccio per la descrizione dei processi in psicoterapia. Psicoterapia, 12: 26-38.
  76. Mergenthaler E. & Kächele H. (1988). The Ulm Textbank management system: A tool for psy-chotherapy research. In: Dahl, Kächele & Thomä, 1988, pp 195-212.
  77. Mergenthaler E. & Kächele H. (1996). Applying multiple computerized text-analytic measures to single psychotherapy cases. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 5, 4: 307-317.
  78. Mergenthaler E. & Pfäfflin F. (2007). Studio microanalitico della regolazione emotiva e cognitiva. In: Kächele H. & Thomä H., a cura di, La ricerca in psicoanalisi. Vol 2: Studio comparatista di un caso campione: Amalie X. A cura di Marco Casonato. Urbino: Quattroventi, 2007, pp. 221-228.
  79. Mergenthaler E. & Stinson C.H. (1992). Psychotherapy transcription standards. Psychotherapy Research, 2, 2: 125-142. DOI: 10.1080/10503309212331332904
  80. Michels R. (2000). The case history (With commentaries by Sydney Pulver, Stephen B. Bern-stein, Philip Rubovits-Seitz, Imre Szecsödy, David Tuckett, Arnold Wilson). Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 48, 2: 355-375. DOI: 10.1177/00030651000480021201
  81. Migone P. (1996). La ricerca in psicoterapia: storia, principali gruppi di lavoro, stato attuale degli studi sul risultato e sul processo. Rivista Sperimentale di Freniatria, CXX, 2: 182-238. --Edizione su Internet: www.psychomedia.it/spr-it/artdoc/migone96.htm.
  82. Migone P. (2006). Breve storia della ricerca in psicoterapia. Con una nota sui contributi italiani. In: Dazzi, Lingiardi & Colli, 2006, cap. 2, pp. 31-48.
  83. Migone P. (2008). Psicoterapia e ricerca “scientifica” (Intervento di discussione della relazione di Ferdinando Bersani “La riproducibilità nella scienza: mito o realtà?” tenuto ai “Seminari Internazionali di Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane” di Bologna il 16 febbraio 2008: Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane, 2009, XLIII, 1: 59-76). Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane, 2009, XLIII, 1: 77-94 --(www.psychomedia.it/pm/modther/probpsiter/ruoloter/rt108-08.htm).
  84. Mitchell S.A. (1998). The analyst’s knowledge and authority. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 67, 1: 1-31.
  85. Moran G., Fonagy P., Kurtz A., Bolton A. & Brook C. (1991). A controlled study of the psy-choanalytic treatment of brittle diabetes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 6: 926-935. DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199111000-00010
  86. Norcross J.C., editor (2011). Psychotherapy Relationships That Work: Evidence-Based Respon-siveness. Second Edition (First Edition: 2002). New York: Oxford University Press (trad. it.: Quando la relazione psicoterapeutica funziona... Vol. 1: Ricerche scientifiche a prova di evidenza. Vol. 2: Efficacia ed efficienza dei trattamenti personalizzati. Presentazione di Nino Dazzi. Roma: Sovera, 2012).
  87. Persons J.B., Curtis J.T. & Silberschatz G. (1991). Psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral formulations of a single case. Psychotherapy, 28, 4: 608-617. DOI: 10.1037/0033-3204.28.4.608
  88. Peterson C., Luborsky L. & Seligman M.E.P. (1983). Attributions and depressive mood shifts: A case study using the symptom-context method. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 1: 96-103. DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.92.1.96
  89. Pole N., Ablon J., O’Connor L. & Weiss J. (2002). Ideal control-mastery technique correlates with change in a single case. Psychotherapy: Theory Research Practice Training, 39, 1: 88-96. DOI: 10.1037/0033-3204.39.1.88
  90. Porcerelli J., Dauphin V.B., Ablon J.S. & Leitman S. (2007). Psychoanalysis with avoidant per-sonality disorder: A systematic case study. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44, 1: 1-13. DOI: 10.1037/0033-3204.44.1.1
  91. Propp V.J. (1928). Морфология сказки. Leningrad (trad. it.: Morfologia della fiaba. Con un intervento di Claude Lévi-Strauss e una replica dell’Autore. Torino: Einandi, 1966).
  92. Pulver S.E. (1987). How theory shapes technique: Perspectives on a clinical study. Psychoana-lytic Inquiry, 7, 2: 141-299. DOI: 10.1080/07351698709533666
  93. Sargent H.D. (1961). Intrapsychic change: Methodological problems in psychotherapy research. Psychiatry, 24: 93-108.
  94. Schachter J. (2002). Transference, Shibboleth or Albatross? Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
  95. Schachter J. & Kächele H. (2017). The problem of single case reports. In: Schachter J. & Kächele H. editors, Nodal Points. Critical Issues in Contemporary Psychoanalytic Therapy. New York: IPBOOKS, 2017, pp. 144-155.
  96. Schindler I., Desmet M., Meganck R. & Kächele H. (2013). Psychoanalytische Einzelfallstudien von Kindern und Jugendlichen: Charakterisierung mit dem “Inventory of Basic Information in Single Cases”. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 64: 308-321.
  97. Schubert C., editor (2011). Psychoneuro-Immunologie und Psychotherapie. Stuttgart: Schattauer Verlag (Second Edition: 2015).
  98. Shakow D. & Rapaport D. (1964). The Influence of Freud on American Psychology. New York: International Universities Press.
  99. Shedler J., Westen D. & Lingiardi V. (2014). La valutazione della personalità con la SWAP-200. Nuova edizione (I ediz.: 2003). Con allegato CD-ROM. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  100. Spence D.P. (1982). Narrative Truth and Historical Truth. Meaning and Interpretation in Psy-choanalysis. New York: Norton (trad. it.: Verità narrativa e verità storica. Firenze: Marti-nelli, 1987).
  101. Strenger C. (2005). The Designed Self. Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Identities. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
  102. Szecsödy I. (2008). A single-case study on the process and outcome of psychoanalysis. Scandi-navian Archive of Psychoanalysis, 31: 105-113.
  103. Taubner S., Koch-Hübner I., Böllinger L., Kächele H., Cierpka M., Buchheim A. & Bruns G. (2012). How does formal research influence psychoanalytic treatments? Clinical observations and reflections from a study on the interface of clinical psychoanalysis and neuroscience. American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 72, 3: 269-286.
  104. Thomä H. & Kächele H. (1985). Lehrbuch der psychoanalytischen Therapie. 1: Grundlagen. Berlin: Springer (trad. it.: Trattato di terapia psicoanalitica. 1: Fondamenti teorici. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1990. Trad. inglese: Psychoanalytic Practice. Vol. 1: Principles. Berlin: Springer, 1987; New York: Aronson, 1994).
  105. Thomä H. & Kächele H. (1988). Lehrbuch der psychoanalytischen Therapie. 2: Praxis. Ber¬lin: Springer (trad. it.: Trattato di terapia psicoanalitica. 2: Pratica clinica. Torino: Bollati Bo-ringhieri, 1993. Trad. inglese: Psychoanaytic Practice. Vol. 2: Clinical Studies. Berlin: Springer, 1992; New York: Aronson, 1994).
  106. Thomä H. & Kächele H. (2007). Psychoanalytische Therapie. 3: Forschung. Berlin: Springer (trad. it.: Kächele H., Thomä H., La ricerca in psicoanalisi. Vol 1: Lo studio del caso clinico. Prefazione di Giordano Fossi. A cura di Marco Casonato & Roberto Pani. Urbino: Quattroventi, 2003; Kächele H. & Thomä H., a cura di, La ricerca in psicoanalisi. Vol 2: Studio comparatista di un caso campione: Amalie X. A cura di Marco Casonato. Urbino: Quattroventi, 2007).
  107. Wallerstein R.S. (2002). The trajectory of psychoanalysis: A prognostication. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 83, 6: 1247-1268.
  108. Waldron S., Scharf R.D., Hurst D., Crouse J., Firestein S.K. & Burton A. (2004). What happens in a psychoanalysis? A view through the lens of the Analytic Process Scales. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 85, 2: 443-466. DOI: 10.1516/5PPV-Q9WL-JKA9-DRCK
  109. Wampold B.E. & Imel Z.E. (2015). The Great Psychotherapy Debate. Second Edition (First Edition: Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2001). London: Routledge (trad. it.: Il grande dibattito in psicoterapia. L’evidenza della ricerca scientifica avanzata applicata alla clinica. Presenta-zione di Nino Dazzi. Roma: Sovera, 2017)
  110. Werbart A. (2009). Review: Minding the gap between clinical practice and empirical research in psychoanalysis: “From Psychoanalytic Narrative to Empirical Single Case Research: Im-plications for Psychoanalytic Practice” by Horst Kächele, Joseph Schachter, Helmut Thomä. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 90, 6: 1459-1466.
  111. Weiss J. (1993). How Psychotherapy Works. Process and Technique. New York: Guilford (trad. it.: Come funziona la psicoterapia. Presentazione di Paolo Migone e Giovani Liotti. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1999).
  112. Weiss J., Sampson H. & the Mount Zion Psychotherapy Research Group (1986). The Psycho-analytic Process: Theory, Clinical Observation, and Empirical Research. New York: Guil-ford (trad. it. del cap. 1: Weiss J., Introduzione al lavoro del “San Francisco Psychotherapy Research Group”. Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane, 1993, XXVII, 2: 47-65).
  113. Weiss J. & Sampson H. (1986). Testing alternative psychoanalytic explanations of the therapeutic process. In: Masling J.M., editor, Empirical Studies of Psychoanalytic Theories. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1986, pp 1-26.
  114. Weiss J. & Sampson H., a cura di (1999). Convinzioni patogene. La scuola psicoanalitica di San Francisco (Contributi di Jessica Broitman, Wilma Bucci, Marco Casonato, John T. Curtis, Polly B. Fretter, Harold Sampson, George Silberschatz, Joseph Weiss). Presentazione di Antonio Semerari. Introduzione di Marco Casonato. Urbino: Quattroventi.
  115. Wolitzky D.L. (2007). The role of clinical inference in psychoanalytic case studies. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 61, 1: 17-36.
  116. Zetzel E.R. (1966). Additional notes upon a case of obsessional neurosis: Freud 1909. Interna-tional Journal of Psychoanalysis, 47: 123-129.
  117. Zimmermann J., Löffler-Stastka H., Huber D., Klug G., Alhabbo S., Bock A. & Benecke C. (2015). Is it all about the higher dose? Why psychoanalytic therapy is an effective treatment for major depression. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 22, 6: 469-487.

  • Colonialismo e Chiesa cattolica durante la dittatura di Salazar (1940-1954) Marialuisa Lucia Sergio, in STORIA E PROBLEMI CONTEMPORANEI 90/2023 pp.85
    DOI: 10.3280/SPC2022-090006
  • Esperienza vissuta e insight nella genealogia delle tecniche psicoanalitiche: il "nuovo inizio" come sintesi nel "qui e ora" Helmut Thomä, in PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE 2/2022 pp.245
    DOI: 10.3280/PU2022-002004
  • Sul rinnovamento della psicoanalisi Giorgio Meneguz, in PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE 2/2023 pp.213
    DOI: 10.3280/PU2023-002003
  • Come gestire la pluralità dei modelli in psicoterapia Pier Francesco Galli, Alberto Merini, Paolo Migone, in PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE 3/2023 pp.479
    DOI: 10.3280/PU2023-003009

Horst Kächele, Lo studio del caso singolo dalla ricerca clinica alla ricerca sperimentale: un eterno dilemma? in "PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE" 2/2017, pp 187-210, DOI: 10.3280/PU2017-002002