RISULTATI RICERCA

The relevance of the study of virtual communities lies in the fact that Internet communication continues to develop a different form of social interaction. The active formation of virtual communities is facilitated by the development of new information and communication environments, which, through unique technolo-gies based on interactivity, multimedia, globality, anonymity, asynchrony, and low marginal costs, ensure individual communication. Such "social" associations are formed as users who have common interests (discussions, conferences, etc.) or are interested in a specific topic, etc., cross over. Further "zones of mutual interest"are built on these basic theses, which promote mutual understanding and willingness to accept new values. The purpose of the article is to study the concept of a virtual community and determine their negative impact on a person and the state as a whole. The main method in the study was the method of analysis and synthesis of information. During the analysis of the literature on the above topic, the article ex-plored the concept of a virtual community and its role in the life of society. The negative impact on the person and the state is highlighted. It is determined that vir-tual culture can pose a potential threat to national security and it is described how to minimize these risks. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the results of the study and the recommendations given by the author can be considered as one of the options for combating the threat to national secu-rity from virtual communities.

Introduction. This study explores the link between accounting and art using an example of a painting by renowned Russian artist Boris Kustodiev - The Merchant, or an Old Man Counting Money. Aim of the work. This work aims to develop the provisions of visual accounting on the example of Russian painting as, hermeneutically, ‘every painting is an increment of being and subject to the essential definition as a representation, its formation’ (Gadamer, 1988, p. 196). Methodological approach. The paper is based on an indepth review of the central character in the painting - a merchant - and provides a detailed description of the objects that surround him, which feature the second dominant element complementing the figure of the merchant - a traditional Russian mechanical abacus. The study also includes a brief biography of the artist and an overview of his creative milestones as well as some facts about the life of the accountant that served as a model for the merchant character. Main findings. This study unveils the use of accounting tools in works of art and demonstrates how actors and users perceive accounting. Originality. The originality of the study lies in its first attempt to provide a detailed review of accounting through the prism of Russian art by using a methodology that can be adopted to analyse the creations of other artists dealing with subjects related to accounting, as well as to explore the works of accountants who contributed to art.

1. Crisi della giustizia: una pluralità di letture scisse tra loro
2. Strategia dell’inefficienza, processi riformatori "personalizzati" e modello costituzionale: esiste un nesso?
3. La riforma della Costituzione: crisi del modello o crisi della politica?
4. Le due piste del costituzionalismo moderno: Rousseau e Locke
5. Dove stanno allora i giacobini?
6. L’insopprimibile politicità della giurisdizione
7. Ruolo del giudice e interpretazione del diritto
8. Una conclusione provvisoria.

Given the international relevance of the Portuguese migration policies, this survey investigates the inclusion and integration processes related to secondgeneration immigrants who come from Portuguese-speaking African countries and attend the upper-school in Faro and Setúbal (Portugal). To reach this goal, during the 2009-2010 school-year, we realized a quantitative survey focusing on students’ educational achievement and its influence on teaching-learning processes. For this aim, we administrated a Likert’s scale questionnaire which measures the factors that play an important role in reaching the educational goals. We found that the most relevant and significant factors which contributed to the educational achievement of students were intrinsic: motivation processes and self-esteem.

Textbooks are the pedagogic material used by most teachers. They are a key element for the socialization and behavioral learning of the students. For this reason, they can affect in traditional discrimination against women relative to men. Nowadays the visual stimuli are very important and consequently also the illustrations in textbooks. With the aim to value the possible gender discrimination, we use a quantitative methodology to analize the images of Moroccan primary education textbooks. Moroccan publishers try not to remain suspended in the tradition, opening new perspectives. They show women with a prominence and freedom unusual in the past. However, these books are not a true reflection of Moroccan society, where gender differences are a reality.

The goal of this paper is to argue for the importance of ‘meta-theories’, or "theories about how to build theories", in action research. Meta-theories express the fundamental assumptions about the world that underlie a theory and influence our ability to combine knowledge and communicate. Action research was originally based on "field theory", a meta-theory developed by Kurt Lewin but largely abandoned by his followers. One of the few meta-theories to have emerged from action research is "action science", which developed by Chris Argyris and Donald Schön. Although there appears to be little similarity between the two meta-theories (i.e. field theory and action science), this paper argues that they actually complement each other. It suggests that integrating field theory and action science into a unified meta-theory can provide action researchers and practitioners with concepts that can enable them see their "behavioral world" in ways expand the range of possible goals, actions, and relationships.